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1 ,.,,.,.,, CPU LSI.,.,,, Nintendo64, PlayStation 1, 2.,,,, ,.,.,.,.,..,., ,, Nintendo64. PlayStation SONY Computer Entertainment. 2., CPU PlayStation2 SONY Computer Entertainment, Pentium3 1GHz.. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

2 2. OS (IBM ). FORTRAN.... UNIX OS. C. OA.,..... OS MS-DOS, Windows95, MacOS. DOS/V, Macintosh CPU(Central Processing Unit: ).,,, 3, CPU,. CPU,,,.,, LSI(Large-Scale Integration: ) CPU., LSI. CPU,,., OS(Operating System). 3 Plam PDA,. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

3 OS OS, CPU,,,,., OS,,. OS,., UNIX OS., UNIX, OS,., OS(UNIX), CPU,., OS (Shell)., OS. OS,,. OS., OS,, OS , ,..,., C B. W. Kernighan, D. Ritchie Programing Language C 4. K&R., 1983 ANSI(American National Standards Institute: ), C. ANSI., LISP ANSI, OSI, Common Lisp., C, OS,,, OS.,. 4 K&R 2 ANSI. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

4 ,.,,. (bit), (byte) 5.., (word) 6.,,.,.,,,,,,.., 0 1,, AND, OR, NOT, XOR. AND,. AND OR,. OR NOT, 0 NOT 1, 1 NOT 0.,. XOR (exclusive or),. XOR , EOR. XOR, Z 2, Z 2.,, bit , ASCII 7. ASCII,,.,. 5,. 1 byte = 8 bits. 6,., CPU,,. 7 1 byte 8 bits ASCII. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

5 5 0x20 0x2f 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x61 0x62 / A B C a b ASCII 0. ASCII 0x20,., 0x08 TAB. Exercise 1.3.1,,.,,., 8. EUC. UNIX.. MS ( JIS ).. JIS.,..,,. EUC.,. EUC MS JIS 9 0xa4a2 0x82a0 0x2422,, CPU, little endian, big endian.,. 1K bytes = 1024 bytes 1M bytes = 1024K bytes 1G bytes = 1024M bytes 1T bytes = 1024G bytes 1P bytes = 1024T bytes 1E bytes = 1024P bytes Exercise 1.3.2,,,.,, 1.3.3,. CPU,, 10..,.,,., CPU, 8,, [22]. 10,,. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

6 6,..,,,,,,.,,., a, b, l., c., a<b<c., a + l b, b + l c., CPU,. a, X. b, Y. X Y., X. X c.,, CPU,,. C,. #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a,b,c ; } c = a + b ; return 0 ; CPU,,,. ld ld add st [%fp-8],%l0 [%fp-12],%l1 %l0,%l1,%l0 %l0,[%fp-16],., [%fp-8], %l0.,. C,,, CPU, CPU,. CPU, ASCII.,,, CPU, ASCII.. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

7 7, TAB,.,,,., OS,, OS.,,,. Exercise n {a i } n i=1 XOR a 0., a k, k =1,,n, a 0 {a i }, a k.,., XOR (parity), (parity bit).,,,,. 1.4,.,,. 11,., ,.,,. 1 byte = M bits.,,, ,., n 2 k +1 n 2 k 1., n k 1 n =( 1) b k b i 2 i, b i, k +1 b k b k 1 b 1 b 0., M =8, 127 n 127, 0 k 7., (MSB), n 0 0, n<0 1.. i=0 11. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

8 8,,, 2 k n 2 k 1 n, k 1 n = 2 k b k + b i 2 i., i=0 0 = ( ) = ( ) 2 1 = ( ) = ( ) 2.,,, 1.,,.,.,, N = NM 2 NM 1 n 2 NM ,..,., N, 0 n 2 MN 1. Exercise , a 0, a 1 (carry) b, c d , 12., k, a, l a k l, a 0 a<k. k..,, ,. S e 1 e 7 e 8 b 1 b 7 b 8 b 15 b 16 b 23 12,.,. 13 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). 14. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

9 9, S, 0, 1. e 1 e 8, b 1 b 23 15,, (1.b 1 b 2 b 23 ) 2 (0.b 1 b 2 b 23 ) 2.,. 2,. 0,. e 1 e 8 FF 2 FE F 0 7E ,, 0, 0, 0.,, ( ) ,. 0, ( ) ,.,.,,.,. Example :S =0, (e i ) = (0) 2, (b i ) = (0) :S =1, (e i ) = (0) 2, (b i ) = (0) 2 2.0, 0.5 = ,. 2.0 :S =0, (e i ) = ( ) 2 =80H, (b i ) = (0) :S =0, (e i ) = ( ) 2 =7FH,(b i ) = (0) :S =0, (e i ) = ( ) 2 =7EH,(b i ) = (0) 2 15, 0 51, , Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

10 10, 0.2, 0.1., :S =0, (e i ) = ( ) 2 =7BH,(b i ) = ( ) :S =0, (e i ) = ( ) 2 =7CH,(b i ) = ( ) 2, ( 1) sign 2 1 bias 1.f ( 1) sign f +INF INF NaN (Not a Number) Over flow F FF BF BFF F7FFFFF 7FEFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFF 000FFFFF FFFFFFFF F FF FF FFF NaN 7Fxxxxxx 7FFxxxxx xxxxxxxx,,,., CPU, 16. Exercise ,, Pentium MMX MMX, PlayStation2 emotion engine,. Id: joron.tex,v /04/16 06:19:00 naito Exp

11 11 2 UNIX 2.1 UNIX CPU,, LSI,,,,,.,, CPU, LSI., CPU.,, OS(Operating System). UNIX OS. UNIX 1969 AT&T Dennis Ritchie, DEC PDP-7., 1973 Ritchie, UNIX C, OS, UNIX., UNIX C,,, UNIX. UNIX, (Time Sharing: ), CPU, OS.,,,,,. UNIX, UNIX UNIX. UNIX,., UNIX.,, UNIX,. UNIX sh, csh.,.,.,,.,,,. 2.2 UNIX,,. Id: unix.tex,v /04/15 01:29:47 naito Exp

12 UNIX., /., /, \, *,?, &,.,,,.,,., XXXX.YYY,. YYY.,. XXXX.p PASCAL Program. XXXX.c C Program. XXXX.tex TEX ,,. UNIX,., /bin, /usr, /dev,.,., /..,., 1. UNIX.,.,...,..,.,.,., A, A.,. home you, A /home/you/a..,../a,., A.., /. 1. Id: unix.tex,v /04/15 01:29:47 naito Exp

13 13 / home usr dev A bin lib Exercise home you, home my X Shell Shell,.,,... MS-DOS 2,.,. *,?, [, { ~,. *.? 1. [...] 1.. -, ASCII. {str,...}.,., {b, a} b a a b., { } {}. [user] home, user *,?, [...].,..,. /. 2 MS-DOS, (command.com),. Id: unix.tex,v /04/15 01:29:47 naito Exp

14 ,,.,,.,,.,,.,, csh ,. <, >. file1 file2. cat < file1 > file2, file2, file2., file2, > >> ,,.,, uniq. cat file1 uniq, UNIX shell.,,,., xclock. xclock &, &. Exercise [,. csh.] XXXX., file.out, file.err. 2.3 UNIX, UNIX..,. 3. Id: unix-command.tex,v /04/16 06:17:50 naito Exp

15 15, <...>,,, [...].,,., a b, a b , cd, pwd, mkdir, rmdir cd [<directory>] <directory>. <directory> 4, pwd mkdir <directory> <directory> rmdir <directory>. rm ,, ls, cp, rm, mv, cat, more ls[ -aaccdffgillqrrstu1 ] [<filename>] <filename>,. -aaccdffgillqrrstu1,, ls., -l,,.,,. 4 MS-DOS, cd,. UNIX pwd. Id: unix-command.tex,v /04/16 06:17:50 naito Exp

16 16. a. <filename>,,., ls BSD SYSV, cp [ -i ] <filename1> <filename2> cp -r R [ -i ] <directory1> <directory2> cp [ -i(r R) ] <filename> <directory>, cp <filename1> <filename2>., <directory1> <directory2>., <filename> ( ) <directory> rm [ -fir ] <filename> <filename>. r mv [ -i ] <filename1> <filename2> mv,., cat [<filename>] cat. <filename>,. <filename> more <filename> more UNIX, UNIX.,,, ps, kill. Id: unix-command.tex,v /04/16 06:17:50 naito Exp

17 ps[-aacdefjllpy] ps,., ps., ps -ef., UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root Mar 31? 0:02 sched root Mar 31? 1:21 /etc/init - root Mar 31? 0:00 pageout root Mar 31? 135:29 fsflush naito :25:10? 0:00 twm naito :25:11? 0:01 xscreensaver, UID,, PID,. ps BSD SYSV, kill [-signal] pid UNIX.,. KILL, HUP, INT, KILL,., ps pid, kill -KILL pid, pid., KILL,. KILL, HUP, INT,., Control C0,,, INT , man. 5, cp, man cp., UNIX,, C.,,,., man man. Id: unix-command.tex,v /04/16 06:17:50 naito Exp

18 troff 8., man [-s<section>] <command>. Example man printf, printf, C printf, man -s 3s printf., intro.,,,. Exercise file1.c, file2.c, file1.cc, file2.cc., mv *.c *.cc,.. Exercise 2.3.2, ls *.,,. Exercise UNIX, mv mv. 2.4,.,,, , UNIX,,.,,,.,,, 10Mbps 6, 100Mbps., local area network (LAN),,,., (NICE II), 622Mbps ATM, 100Mbps FDDI 10Mbps 10Base-5 Ethernet, NICE II UNIX, Apple (Macintosh), Netware, Windows NT. 6 Mbps Mega bits per second. B, b. Id: network.tex,v /04/16 06:21:13 naito Exp

19 19 ATM ATM ATM ATM 622Mbps ATM FDDI 100Mbps LAN, gateway,., NTT.,, NTT., LAN, GIGA,,., LAN,,,. NICE II, (SINET)., WIDE.,,,,. LAN.,,,, (protocol)., TCP/IP.,.,,.,,,,,, ,,,., FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). local network (LAN), LAN Id: network.tex,v /04/16 06:21:13 naito Exp

20 20.,, nagoya-u.ac.jp., jp, ac.,., media.nagoya-u.ac.jp.,,. FQDN,,.,,. TCP/IP,,., OSI,,, TCP/IP. layer model,,,,,,. TCP/IP,,. telnet ftp rlogin smtp nntp http X11 Socket UDP TCP IP EtherNet PPP 10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-T TCP/IP (protocol), , TCP/IP SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol).,,,. Id: network.tex,v /04/16 06:21:13 naito Exp

21 ,.,,,,, (mail spool).,, ,., UNIX, sendmail, sendmail, network.,, math.nagoya-u.ac.jp, FQDN DNS: Domain Name Service,.,, domain not found,., sendmail,., network,,., sendmail, sendmail,.,,.,.,., user unknown,, sendmail,.,,.,,,,,.,.,,,,,.,,.,,, POP IMAP,.,, sendmail TCP/IP NNTP (network news transfer protocol).,,, host,. Id: network.tex,v /04/16 06:21:13 naito Exp

22 ,.,.,,, ,., handing,,,, World Wide Web WWW, TCP/IP HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol). HTTP,, SMTP, NNTP TCP/IP, on demand connection WWW WWW,.,, WWW WWW, URL., URL, http, /~naito/., URL, http, http /~naito/ TCP/IP,,..,,,.,,,,. Id: network.tex,v /04/16 06:21:13 naito Exp

1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari student

LAN 0000000000 6/6, 6/13, 6/20 1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari studentd even kumabari 1: LAN