米国特許セミナー

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1 Overview November, 2008 (Thu) By Tatsuo YABE Contents Revised on Nov. 13, 2008 Original: December 08, 2006 Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 1

2 U.S. Constitution Created September 17, 1787 Ratified June 21, 1788 Location National Archives Authors Delegates of the Philadelphia Convention Page 1/4 & Page 2/4 (copy of original) To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 2

3 To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. : 18 *************************************************** PCT PCT 102(e) date X S1145 & H.R ??? Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 3

4 35U.S.C U.S.C ( S. Rep No Cong., 2 nd Session 5 (1952) Statutory subject matter include anything under the sun that is made by man -- Thomas Jefferson ( : 3 rd President) ( ingenuity should receive a liberal encouragement ) (MPEP2105: Diamond v. Chakrabary Sup Ct. 1980) 101 Nelson v. Bowler, CCPA1980) State Street Bank CAFC1998 In re Nuijten State Street Bank Tangible ( (MPEP ) OK Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 4

5 35U.S.C. 101 In re Bilski Fed.Cir. (October 30, 2008) CAFC Benson Machine or Transformation Machine or Transformation (Machine) Article (Transformation) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE

6 35U.S.C. 101 In re Bilski (cont d) machine or transformation Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 6

7 OK 37CFR 1.47(a)(b) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 7

8 ********************************************* 1 6 Petition Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 8

9 Conception RTP Diligence NAFTA WTO Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 9

10 IDS 37CFR CFR1.56(a) information material to patentability 37CFR1.56(b)(1), (2) & MPEP (Materiality under Rule 1.56(b)) MPEP IDS Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 10

11 1/ (a); (b); (e) 102(a); 102(e) 102(b) 1 1 Rule UCS (e) -102(e) 102(a) ( 102(a) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 11

12 2/ Rule UCS (e) -102(e) 102(b) 102(b) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 12

13 UCS103(a) USC103(c) 102(e) (f) (g) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 13

14 ½ 103 MPEP2141 Graham Graham v. John Deer, 383 U.S. 1, 148 USPQ 459 (1966) (Commercial Success) (Long-Felt Need) (Skepticism by Experts) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 14

15 2/2 103 MPEP 2143 MPEP PTO Confirmed by KSR v. Teleflex (Sup Court on April 30, 2007) 2 3 Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 15

16 35U.S.C. 112(1)&(2) MPEP IV) Standard Oil Co. v. Montedison (D. Del. 1980) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 16

17 35 U.S.C. 112(3),(4),(5) A device comprising an element B and an element C; 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein 3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein US$390 35USC112(5) 1. A device comprising an element B and an element C; Improper Multiple 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein Dep Claims 3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein 4. A device according to claim 3, wherein 5. A device according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein.. 6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein. Improper Multiple Dep Claims Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 17

18 Means + Function Claim 35USC112(6) Example Claim 1. A device comprising: X; Y; and means for connecting X and Y. Specification/Dwgs only discloses a screw, then means for connecting is construed to a screw and its equivalent. Claim 1. A device comprising: X; Y; and a connector which connects X and Y. Then any form of member that connects X and Y will be encompassed in the scope of connector. *************************************************************************** Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 18

19 Means + Function Claim 35USC112(6) Specification Disclosing a screw for connecting X and Y. Y X Claim 1. A device comprising: X; Y; and means for connecting X and Y. Claim 1. A device comprising: X; Y; and a connector which connects X and Y. Specification/Dwgs only discloses a screw, then means for connecting is construed to a screw and its equivalent. Then any form of member that connects X and Y may be encompassed in the scope of connector, i.e., screw, rivet, glue, & welding. Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 19

20 Means + Function Claim 35USC112(6) Step of.means plus function claim CARDIAC PACEMAKERS, INC., GUIDANT SALES CORPORATION, and ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, s. ST. JUDE MEDICAL, INC., CAFC decided on EP means + function Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 20

21 Graver Tank Dawn Equipment Co. v. Kentucky Farms: Fed. (Cir after-arising technology Chiuminatta Concrete v. Cardinal (Fed. Cir. 1998) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 21

22 /claim /claim /1 OA OA Status As of Oct 2008 Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 22

23 RCE OK 8 6 Notice of Appeal) 2 (pendency) RCE RCE( Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 23

24 1/3) FINAL) ENTER MPEP (a) (b) (c) FINAL RCE RCE FINAL RCE RCE 1 FINAL MPEP706.07(b) FINAL MPEP Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 24

25 2/3) FINAL Rule 1.136(a) automatic time extension FINAL 6 6 MPEP710.02(e); MPEP & Rule 1.136(a) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 25

26 3/3) 2 Month Rule FINAL MPEP706.07( ) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 26

27 35USC , Notice of Appeal Appeal Brief Examiner s Answer (Reply Brief; Oral Hearing) Bd Decision CAFC or Dist Ct for DC 2004 Pre-Appeal Brief Conference (20057 ) Notice of Appeal Pre-Appeal Brief Conf 2 Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 27

28 Graver Tank Function/Way/Result (FWR Test) Warner Jenkinson 1997 All Element Rule / Estoppel Festo 2002 No DOE to Narrowly Amended Element (with 3 exceptions) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 28

29 USJP DOE Rule for applying DOE Rule for applying DOE Time to determine Equivalent Defense for the accused infringer: PHE Defense for the accused infringer: using a prior art (Free Art Defense) US No distinction between essential element of non-essential element Function/way/result test established by Graver-Tank Known Interchangeability established by Graver-Tank & affirmed by W-Jenkinson At time of Infringement Narrowing Amendment during the prosecution for any reasons for patentability (101, 112, 102, & 103), then gives rise a presumption that DOE is not applicable to the amended element in claim. Wilson Sporting Goods Doc of Hypothetical Claim (Very similar to Formstein defense) JP (from Tsubakimoto Sup Decision:1998) (1st Req.) DOE applies to only Non-essential part of the invention (2nd Req.) Capable of replacement (3rd Req.) Easily replaceability in view of skilled in the art At time of Infringement (4th Req.) Intentional Exclusion of the element in question (of the accused product) (5th Req.) Accused product is within a free art or easily created from a free art. (Very similar to Formstein defense) Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 29

30 CAFC (Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit) US Custom Ct (1909)US Court of Claims (1855) CAFC US Court of Claims Uniformity; No Inter-Circuit Conflict; Strengthen Patent Doctrine (Non-Obviousness; Patent Eligibility; Inequitable Conduct; Preliminary Injunctions; Damages) 1 Art III Judges Paul R. Michel (Chief Judge) 1941 BA Pauline Newman 1927 Ph.D.(Chem) Pat Attny Haldane Robert Mayer 1941 BS Army Alan D. Lourie 1935 MS(Chem) Pat Attny Randall R. Rader 1949 BA in Engl Known to be Patent Judge Alvin A. Schall 1944 BA William Curtis Bryson 1945 BA Arthur J. Gajarsa 1941 MA Pat Ex/Pat Attny/ P of McDermott Richard Linn 19?? BSEE Pat Ex/Pat Attny Timothy B. Dyk 19?? BA Sharon Prost 19?? MBA Kimberly Moore 19?? MSEE Avoid being a Special Court: 30% - Patent Cases; 15% - Trade related cases (Custom, Anti-Dumping, ) 15% - Federal Contract, Takings, Taxes, 30% - Federal Employer Due Process 10% - Veterans, Congress, Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 30

31 (1/4) S1145 & H.R.1908 IDS Not Completely Dead Yet! ( 4 PTOCAFC ) (Already Implemented on Aug 25, 2006) ( 4 PTOCAFC ) KSR TSM MPEP2143 TSM Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 31

32 ( /4) PTO A) G) MPEP USPTO KSR B/C: Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 32

33 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Obvious to try (F) (G) TSM Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 33

34 3/4) In re Bilski (Fed. Cir. En banc: CAFC Benson Machine or Transformation (Machine) Article (Transformation) In re Nuijten Patentable Subject Matter - 35USC101 Is electrical signal patentable subject matter? Nuijten CAFC ebay Irreparable Harm / Inadequacy of Legal Remedies / Balance of Hardships / Public Interest MedImmune : Actual Controversies Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 34

35 4/4) In re Seagate: (Fed. Cir. En banc 2007) CAFC (affirmative duty of due care) (objective recklessness) In re Swanson: (Fed. Cir. 2007) CAFC Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 35

36 Thanks Tatsuo YABE November 27, 2008 Copyrights Reserved for Tatsuo YABE 36

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