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1 New Intellectual Property Policy for Pro-Innovation Intellectual Property System as Global Infrastructure

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8 I. A. B. 1 2 C. WIPO D. 8

9 (1) (2) IT WIPO 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 I-1 WIPO Patent Report 2007 I-2 13

14 14

15 I

16 I-4 WIPO Statistics Database SIPO Website PCT (2003 I

17 17

18 18

19 I-6 WIPO Statistics DatabaseSIPO Website I-7 19

20 I-8 I-9 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 I-10 24

25 I-11 WIPO Statistics DatabaseSIPO Website I-12 WIPO Statistics Database 25

26 26

27 27

28 28

29 29

30 30

31 31

32

33 PCIIP PCT ISA/IPEA () 2 PCT PPH () 2 PCIIP PPH ()

34 I-13 IT 34

35 I-14 (*1) (*2) WIPO PCT WIPO WIPO *1: 1983 *2:

36 ASEAN BRICs VISTA WIPO PCTWIPO SHARE JP-FIRST WIPO I-15 36

37 I [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

38 A. R&D 1 B JP-FIRST 38

39 39 STEP STEP STEP JP-FIRST

40 40

41 41

42 I , PCT I-18 I-17I-18 42

43 I-19 43

44 44

45 45

46 46

47 2 IT ()

48 2 2 I

49 49

50 50

51 1 51

52 A. B. 1985WIPO WIPO C. WIPO D. PCT 52

53 6 6 PCTPCT 3 53

54 54

55 55 1

56 56 I-21 I-22 IT

57 57 2

58 58

59 1 2 59

60 60 () EU I EC EPO EPC IT G8 076EU07 6G EU 074 WIPO

61 A. B. (A) C. WIPO (i) (ii) WIPO WIPOUNCTAD ASEAN ASEAN 61

62 62

63 63

64 1 64

65 I-24 WIPO Patent Report 2007 I-25 % % % 100 %

66 66

67 67

68 68

69 69

70 I-26 WIPO UNCTAD 1970 WTO/TRIPS WIPO MFN 2778 WHO UNEP/SCBD/ EPA/FTA TRIPSTRIPS FAO 70 B+ UNESCO UNPFIIUPOVUNCSDUNDPUNUOHCHRWB IFAD IT PCT 2007 : PCT WIPO LDC WIPO ASEAN USPTOIP EUEPOEPO ARIPO EUCISASEAN

71 71

72 72

73 73

74 2 WIPO WIPO ()

75 I-27 ASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEAN ASEAN (JACIP) I. ASEAN(JACIP) JACIPJPO ASEAN ASEAN II. JACIPJPO ()ASEAN ASEANITASEAN () ()ITASEAN ASEANASEAN ASEANJACIP WIPOAEM-METIJICA LDC WIPOWIPO LDC 0.8 WIPO WIPO 1.8 LDC WIPO189 LDC G8TICADLDC 75

76 II. A. B. C. D. 76

77 1. 77

78 16 SURVEYS: PATENTS AND TECHNOLOGY. The arms race. The Economist, Oct. 20, Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers,

79 II-1 R&D II R&D Bessen and Meurer, Patent Failure (2008) Bessen and Meurer, Patent Failure (2008) R&DUS 79 1 Patent Failure Bessen, James and Meurer, Michael. Patent Failure: How Judges, Bureaucrats and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk, 2008.

80 2 80

81 81

82 "The Congress shall have power to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries" (U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8). 82

83 83

84 II s , CAFC GATT TRIPS GATT TRIPS (FTC) 2004 (NAS) Hotchkiss 1941 Cuno 1949 Jungersen 1966 Graham Brenner 1972 Benson 1980 Chakrabarty 1981 Diehr 1998 State Street Bank CAFC 2003 Festo 2006 ebay 2007 KSR

85 (1787) (useful arts) (1859) (1940s) 1940 (1958) 1958 (1979/1) (1980) CAFC()(1982) CAFC (1984) 85 (1985) GATT (1988) TRIPS GATT (1995) TRIPS1995 (WTO) (1999) (FTC) (2003/10) 300 USPTO 3 18 (NAS) 21 (2004/4) 4 FTC Innovate America (2004/12) R&D

86 1 86

87 87

88 88

89 89

90 90

91 91

92 1 1 92

93 II-12 93

94 II-13 (1) (2) (2) 287c (1)(2) 94

95 II-14 Trilateral Statistical Report 95

96 II-15 (**) 72% (1-1-1:66%, 2-2-2:6%) 79% 80% 84%

97 2 97

98 II-18 II-17 98

99 II-19 99

100 100

101 II-21 (*) 101

102 II

103 II

104 104

105 II

106 106

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109 109

110 1 110

111 111

112 112

113 113

114 114

115 II-25 Act: Plan: Check: Do: PDCA 115

116 116

117 A. B. C. 117

118 ( 20073) () () 650 ( ) () PJ 2008/1 118

119

120 , Economic Report of the President,

121 121

122 122

123

124 124

125 125

126 . A. B. C. 126

127 127

128 128

129 1 129

130 130

131

132 132

133 Intellectual Ventures LLC) Nathan Myhrvold Patent Defense Fund Invention Development Fund I IV IV Rebecca Buckman, Patent Firm Lays Global Plans: Intellectual Ventures Is Seeking $2 Billion As Strategy Shifts, Wall Street Journal, November 12, 2007 Nicholas Varchaver, Who s afraid of Nathan Myhrvold?: The giants of tech, that s who. And they have a nasty name for the former Microsoft honcho: patent troll, Fortune, June 26, 2006 Dan Farber, Nathan Myhrvold: Invention capitalist, ZD Net.com, April 19, 2006 Nathan Myhrvold, Inventors Have Rights, Too!, Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2006 Testimony of Nathan Myhrvold, A hearing before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Perspectives on Patents: Post-Grant Review Procedures and Other Litigation Reforms, May 23, 2006 Voracious venture, Economist, October 20, 2005 Testimony of Nathan Myhrvold, Patent Quality and Improvement before the Subcommittee on the Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Congress of the United States, April 28, 2005 () 133

134

135 135

136 A. B. C. 136

137 2 ( ) () () ()

138 138

139 23 139

140 UFJ

141 2 Utek Utek IP IP 141

142 142

143

144 1 144

145 () () (20079)(20056)2 145

146 146 2

147

148 148

149 149

150 150

151 151

152 () The European Commission, Commission initiates formal proceedings against Qualcomm, age=en () The European Commission, Commission ensures compliance with 2004 Decision against Microsoft, =en 2 152

153 A. B. C. ) D. CPR 153

154 () () () / 3. ()2006 () ( ) () DerwentWorldPatentIndex(

155 155 2

156 156

157 2 Derwent World Patent Index(

158

159 26 159

160 160

161 161

162 1 162

163

164 164

165 1 165

166

167 167

168 A. B. C. 168

169 3. ()

170 170

171 171

172 172

173 B C 173

174 174

175 1 175

176 A. B. C. 176

177 1. 2. () ( ) 3. ( )

178

179 179

180 180

181 1 181

182 60, , , ,032 13,841 6,672 50,721 82,167 20,228 27,580 5,432 1,544 6,482 16,253 12,672 4,224 2,496 6,113 1,220 13,798 71,664 13,816 60, , , ,032 13,841 6,672 50,721 82,167 20,228 27,580 5,432 1,544 6,482 16,253 12,672 4,224 2,496 6,113 1,220 13,798 71,664 13,

183

184 110 JETRO

185 185

186 186

187 187

188 ACTA, 64 ASEAN, 31, 71, 73 B+, 66, 68 CBD, 67 EPA, 66, 68 GATT, 66 JP-FIRST, 29, 46 PCT, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 57, 58, 114, 116 R&D, 10, 11, 14, 17, 40, 41, 49, 80 TRIPs, 111 WTO, 66, 67, 69, 32, 64, 66, 69, 73, 64, 69, 71, 73, 67, 68, 4, 5, 83, 126, 161, 184, 132, 138, 142, 4, 5, 10, 26, 28, 45, 49, 112, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144, 146, 152, 155, 158, 161, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183 Open Source Software, 89, 144, 158, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 4, 8, 10, 12, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 57, 95, 97, 49, 50, 51, 113, 143, 155, 156, 158, 162, 165, 10, 11, 17, 54, 55, 57, 58, 28, 30, 40, 50, 54, 55, 57, 97, 1, 6, 10, 78, 79, 109, 168, 170, 174, 175, 119, 121, 122, 123, 67, 69, 26, 27, 31, 32, 72, 57, 58, 59, 181, 49, 50, 51, 112, 122, 164, 165, 166, 158, 163, 174, 4, 54, 55, 57, 59, 44, 45, 46, 11, 14, 40, 41, 166, 5, 26, 29, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 22, 49, 50, 51, 110, 112, 138, 156, 165, 166, 181, 59, 63, 68, 71, 72, 73, 104, 106, 107, 108, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 95, 97, 104, 40, 46, 14, 15, 44, 47, 48, 50,

189 , 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 80, 83, 86, 97, 101, 107, 114, 156, 29, 11, 40, 78, 128, 129, 72, 73, 74, 66, 67, 69, 54, 55, 57, 58, 96, 11, 54, 27, 29, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 141, 142, 47, 57, 58, 38, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 63, 64, 68, 72, 138, 64, 73, 170, 174, 175, 63, 64, 68, 71, 72, 161, 26, 44, 57, 78, 82, 121, 122, 131, 133, 146, 149, 152, 29, 30, 31, 33, 45, 46, 97, 4, 5, 17, 18, 21, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 63, 64, 72, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 95, 97, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 122, 123, 146, 158, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 96, 66, 68, 104, 106, 18, 86, 144, 5, 78, 80, 81, 83, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 131, 134, 143, 180, 55, 5, 78, 80, 81, 87, 95, 98, 104, 105, 107, 110, 112, 80, 122, 133, 146, 147, 4, 5, 76, 78, 81, 95, 104, 105, 109, 119, 158, 4, 6, 55, 110, 66, 69, 67, 22, 63, 64, 72, 64, 46, 31, 138, 172, 175, 9, 15, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 64, 72, 73, 95, 97, 114, 122, 156,

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