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1 カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 80 巻第 718 号, ,2015 年 12 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 80 No. 718, , Dec., 2015 DOI 現代日本の建築家による屋上庭園形式をもつ住宅の設計意図 DESIGN THEME IN HOUSES WITH ROOF GARDEN BY CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE ARCHITECTS 四ヶ所高志 *, 横山天心 **, 塩崎太伸 *** ****, 奥山信一 Takashi SHIKASHO, Tenshin YOKOYAMA, Taishin SHIOZAKI and Shin-ichi OKUYAMA This report aims to illustrate how Japanese architects extrapolated a design theme from roof garden model through analyzing text and actual composition of contemporary Japanese houses with such model as it appeared in architectural publications. Initially, two aspects of the roof garden concept were extracted from explanatory text by architect themselves, and each scheme was then subjected to a KJ-method analysis (originated by KAWAKITA Jiro); one is the architect s intention in adopting roof garden, the other is the architect s distinct view of the spatial character on roof garden. Secondly, the actual composition of each house was assessed with regard to vertical and horizontal positioning of the roof garden. Finally, the mediation between each architect s thinking and the nal composition has been plotted in terms of this dual classication. Keywords : roof garden, spatial form, residential design theory, contemporary Japanese architects, KJ method 本論文は 2002 年度建築学会大会学術講演会で発表されたものを修正してまとめたものである * 福岡大学工学部建築学科助教博士 ( 工学 ) Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architecture, Fukuoka University, Dr.Eng. ** 富山大学芸術文化学部講師博士 ( 工学 ) Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Art and Design, University of Toyama, Dr.Eng. *** 東京工業大学大学院建築学専攻助教博士 ( 工学 ) Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Building Engineering, Tokyo Tech., Dr.Eng. **** 東京工業大学大学院建築学専攻教授博士 ( 工学 ) Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Building Engineering, Tokyo Tech., Dr.Eng. 2833

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9 DESIGN THEME IN HOUSES WITH ROOF GARDEN BY CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE ARCHITECTS Takashi SHIKASHO *, Tenshin YOKOYAMA **, Taishin SHIOZAKI *** and Shin-ichi OKUYAMA **** * Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architecture, Fukuoka University, Dr.Eng. ** Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Art and Design, University of Toyama, Dr.Eng. *** Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Building Engineering, Tokyo Tech., Dr.Eng. **** Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Building Engineering, Tokyo Tech., Dr.Eng. The roof garden, a paved or planted open terrace on the roof of building, is one of the most characteristic modernist spatial types, as recognized by Le Corbusier s the Five Points of a new architecture. According to his statement, the roof garden is conquered land (le sol conquis) by reinforced concrete at slab, whereas the pilotis, the other one of the Five Points, is liberated land (le sol libéré) on the ground. Le Corbusier realized many roof garden models in his works, as exemplied in Villa Savoye ( ). After World War II, many Japanese architects have took notice on spatial uniqueness of the roof garden model to compose interior and exterior space at once, and then a number of such houses particularly made their appearance in Japan. From this point, this report aims to illustrate and examine how Japanese architects of the time extrapolated a design theme from this model, based on a study of both text and actual composition of such work as it appeared in architectural publications. Initially, two aspects of the roof garden concept were extracted from the explanatory text by architect themselves (Fig. 1), and each scheme was then subjected to a KJ-method analysis (originated by KAWAKITA Jiro). First, the architect s intentions in adopting a roof garden scheme were scrutinized, and secondly, each architect s distinct view of the spatial character on roof garden was assessed. The intentions were classied into 6 categories; [Harmonization with the Surroundings], [Projection of Architect's Subjective Image], [Expansion of Living Space], [Rhetoric Operation of Spatial Composition], [Utilization of the Building Site], [Improvement of Living Efciency] (Fig. ). The view of the spatial character were divided into 4 classes, regarding with the relation between roof garden and Interior/exterior space; Relating with <Interior Space Only>, <both Interior and Exterior Space>, <Exterior Space Only>, <No Relation> (Fig. 3). Then the correspondancy of these two aspects were claried. The intention of [Expansion of Living Space] and [Rhetoric of Spatial Composition] is corresponding with <Interior Space Only> respectively, and both of them are corresponding with <both Interior and Exterior Space> simultaneously. At this point, the actual composition of each house was correlated with regard to two aspects involving relationship between Interior and exterior space, namely vertical and horizontal positioning of roof garden. Considering this aspects of the actual composition, each house was classied in 6 types; Full Roof Type, Partial Roof Type, Including Room Type, Juxtaposing with Room Type, Courtyard Type, Stepping Roof Type (Fig. 4). Finally, the mediation between each architect s thinking and the nal composition has been plotted in terms of this dual classication (Fig. 5). As a result, the high relations in architect s thinking (between architect's intention and distinct view of the spatial character) were found, that is, relation between [Improvement of Living Efciency] and <Exterior Space Only>, and between both [Expansion of Living Space], [Rhetoric Operation of Spatial Composition] and <both Interior and Exterior Space>. Furthermore, in the former case architect s thinking tend to be subject to the Full Roof Type, and in the latter case subject to the Juxtaposing with Room Type. From the above, the framework of the design theme on houses with roof garden by contemporary Japanese architects was established. (2015 年 3 月 10 日原稿受理,2015 年 9 月 4 日採用決定 ) 2841

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2504 カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 80 巻第 717 号,2503-2511,2015 年 11 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 80 No. 717, 2503-2511, Nov., 2015 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aija.80.2503 現代日本の住宅設計論にみられる箱という言葉に投影された建築家の思考 A STUDY