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7 7 22 i f Imf fv V 37 V,V f : V V x, y V,k K, i fx + y fx + fy ii fkx kfx, 38 f : V V x, y V,a, b K, fax + by afx + bfy 33 f 33 : R 2 R 2 i f 33 : x x y,, ii f 33 : x x y x + y,, iii f 33 : x x y,, iv f 33 : x x 3 y y 3,, 34 A Mm, n, f 34 : K n K m f 34 : x Ax, 39 f : V V, ii f Kerf f {o} V 4 f : V V, i f Imf V ii f Kerf {o} iii dim V dim Imf + dim Kerf x 35 f 35 : R 3 R 2 x f 35 : y, z Imf 35 { }, dim Imf 35 Kerf 35 { }, dim Kerf P n {t n } i f 36 : P 3 P 2 f 36 : xt dxt/dt, f 36, Imf 36 { }, dim Imf 36 Kerf 36 { }, dim Kerf 36 ii g 36 : P 2 P 3 g 36 : xt t xsds, g 36, Img 36 { }, dim Img 36 Kerg 36 { }, dim Kerg V, V f : V V, V V, V V, f, V V, f
8 8 37 I : V V I : x x, I 42 f : V V, g f I g : V V, f, g f 43 f : V V f 44 f : V V V {e,, e n }, {fe,, fe n } V V V dim V dim V,,,, M2, 2, g 38 : 45 V {e,, e n } f : V K n, f f : k e + + k n e n dim V dim V < V V k k n 38 M2, 2,,,,, dim M2, 2,, M2, 2, f 38 :, 39 P 2,,,,, dim P 2,, P 2, f 39 :,,, P 2, 2 g 39 : n V K V i V ii {e,, e n } V, V f,, f n f i e j δ ij, i, j, 2,, n
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15 5 79 f A,, f A 8 n A, λ n deta λi A 8 n A a ij, tra n k a kk trace n A a ij λ n, λ n, 82 λ A λ deta λi 52 A 52 cos θ sin θ sin θ cos θ,,, 83 A,B, A B 84 λ A, W λ {x x λ } {o} λ 85 W λ C n 53 A 52, W { }, W { } 86 λ, λ 2 A λ λ 2, W λ x W λ 2 x 2 54 A 52, W W, 87 i ii V n f : V V V 89 n A P P AP n x,, x n P, P x x n 2 55 A 55 A 55 2 deta 55 λi, A 55, x, A 55 Ix o, x
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