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2 Hooker, J. D. Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India volum KYO Kitamura S.

3 C. Troll C. Shorea robusta Stainton, J. D. A.

4 N. P. Manandhar Furer Haimendorf, C. von, Brower, B., Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa merang singkhakinatung singkhakidongbu

5 Phaplu Chalsa Bhandar Changmadingma changma Chalsa Changmiteng

7 phikalma Rhododendron campanulatum masur Rhododendron anthopogon lhasukpa Juniperus recurva pachabulu Kobresia spp. dokok loa waa Bistorta vaccinifolia Badau waagyak tokpagaludasa sikimyan Soroseris deasyie mangmakru thasing Abies spectabilis takpa Betula utilus lasyup lasyup pising Quercus semecarpifolia lhesing Tsuga dumosa amdung Quercus lineata

8 khilokpatakarisyolung Ohsawa, M. P. R. Syakya, M. Numata merang Pinus excels chake khen khar khar rongichake tokucharbukyochermang keedanur kyasyar Meconopsis napaulensis mendokserma Senecio chrysanthemoides dopchanag Rumex nepalensis cheu Carex aff. nubigera Ringomo

9 laren Salix sp. akthunga Rosa sericea ngyangimrambu Bistorta amplexicaulis

10 nangmicha nangmicha chaboso ilame rhauche ropani pati

11 kg temal chake SATOYAMA Asar Asoj pachabulu pachabule tepkur omoche rambutoluk omitoluk masurlhasukpa Asoj serngung

12 lasyup jyangma nacha Monsir Baisakh serngung chake buckychermang Chait rhauche thangnum cheu temal Baisaku Asar Asoj pachabulu serngung lasyup jyangma nacha rambu Bistorta amplexicaulisngyangim tokchar rhukuche Asoj Baisakh serngung chake pising gising cheutemal khilok syolungkhambuche

13 PhapluChalsa Ringmo Nunthala

14 Pus Magh Phagun Chait Baisakh Jeth Asar Saun Badau Asoj kartik Mangsir Pus sisnu Urtica dioica ackchyo padamchal Rheum spiciforme arsyu bachyak tusa bukuluk ningro Parochetus communis Arundinaria spp. Pteridium aquilinum chamilamichermang Malva verticillata chheichermang danur jaringo daptapchermang Phytollaca acinosa Smilacina sp. fechermang bethu Chenopodium album gyajikongbu firkesag Gentiana sp. kippaichermang simsag Nasturtium officinale serngyung Pus Magh

15 kyasyar Meconopsis napaulensis lamusyok khilaula Polygonatum verticillatum longjar thotne Aconogonum molle nangmitowa Typhonium diversifolium rherhe Orchidaceae spp. aruka serngung Arundinaria sp. bachyak sertok Arisaema sp. yertok Arisaema jacquemontii doom siltimbur Lauraceae sp. gomak Umbelhferae sp. jimbu jimbu Allium sp. lenja chinik Elsholtzia sp. ngokpa chyapi Allium sp. yermang timur Zanthoxyllum armatum

16 furmang Elsholtzia fruticosa sukpa masur lhasukpa Juniperus recurva masur sunpati Rhododendron anthopogon pangbu jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora phikhenba bairunpati Compositae sp. sukpa dubi Juniperus indica syaiurutta Compositae sp. akchyo padmachal Rheum spiciforme chentok bikh Aconitum sp. hongling kurki Picrorhiza scrophulariflora kalaksee Hemiphragama heterophyllum myankaru Thamnolia sp. omung Podophyllum hexandrum pangbu jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora photokpa Gentiana spp. pongmar bikhma Aconitum sp.? sarmaguru Gentiana sp. yarchagunbu

17 bungung malingo Arunidinaria sp. Phaplu chokting malingo Arundinaria sp. serngung dhal lokate Daphne bholua khenba titopati Artemisia sp. phap koma Boraginaceae kowangung Arundinaria sp. rhendimangma Lycopodium sp. serngung malingo Arundinaria sp. buluk koplang utis Pieris formosa Alnus nepalensis lhesing tingresalla Tsuga dumosa merang Pinus excelsa salla,khotesalla naplung Viburnum spp. perachi rhelma patakari Poplus ciliata patakari Magnolia campbelli gotechamp thongba Quercus pising khasro semecarpifolia

18 saakum angeri Lyonia ovalifolia, Lyonia villosa Taxsus baccata sangasing loatsalla subsp. wallichiana sukpa dubi Juniperus indica lanzimchusing takpa bojpatra chom Betula utilus, Betula alnoides thasing gobresalla Abies spectabilis tongmu thongba tongmarmendok Rhododendron laliguras arboreum chaboso Drymaria cordata chake cheew,cheu gising lisya ilame Danthonia sp. Graminae spp. Carex sp. Ilex dipyrena Galinsogo parviflora Acer caesium, khilock hattipailo, Acer campbelli, kukurpailo Acer pectinatum Danthonia sp. cheewbari

19 nangmicha bonso Digitaria sanguinalis omiso Euonymus sp. pachabulu Kobresia spp. pising khasro Quercus semecarpifolia rambu Bistorta amplexicaulis reche, cheso Hedra nepalensis pipalpate khar rongichake khar Cymbopogon sp. etc. kharbari Chalsa serngung Arundinaria sp. temal Iris sp. zomso Osmanthus suavis

20 pising Quercus semecarpifolia amdil gera arum Viburnm sp. Ribes sp. cha churcha, nacha, nangmicha Danthonia chake sp. Kobresia spp. charangchukpu chorwu jaadi chucha, churcha pachabul kerjemendok omuche tepkur Oxygraphis polypetalarhukucha chyacha lukchyacha dhoma pat merangthasinglhesing dongbitoktu pising dongbu rukh jarjira jhade keesul buluk laren jyangma kamsing sukal daura kee kee keengyal keemasur keelaren keelamusyok keefurman keedanur keeyermang khar rongichake khen khen tongmarmendok thasing lensing lukchyacha mangma jyaiu mangmakaru Androsace Arenaria Saxifraga

21 megyaku dadelo lagaun mendokserma mercha nacha nathung ngoyamchombu dusi paang pakha pasing kachero phi rhendi richi rongichake khar sakarak siluk syaula silukjarjira jhadi sing daura singkhakidongbu singkhakinatung so syol sottar thaluk thokcha unyu tuk keesul, masur, sukpa, rapchermang Senecio Taraxacum Cremanthodium Saxifraga mendok serma Kartik Mongsir chake pachabul keengyal omoche Phagun Chait Chait Baisakh phijyangma phikalma phikhenba phitongmar rhenditowa rhenditaiu rhendimangma RhusEvodia khar kharbari pisingso omiso zomso syolungso sukpa

22 ackchyo Rheum spiciforme padamchal aisle Rubus sp. akthunga Rosa sericea sa alun Ribes sp. amdung falaat Quercus lineata amdung karu Quercus lineata Nunthala amdung sepre Quercus oxydon bis Nunthala arsyu Pus Paraxitis communis arum Viburnum bachyak tusa sergung balu Cassiope fastigata barak bow leiu Bamboo Lekani buckychhermang Circium spp. sungurekanda etc bukuluk ningro Pteridium aquilinum Pangkarm Rolwaling buluk Pieris formosa bungung Arundinaria sp. bungung malingo Phaplu

23 cha gans chaboso chakambu chakaram chake Dorymaria cordata Zanthoxylum Danthonia sp., Cymbopogon sp., Carex sp., Kobresia sp. Festuca sp. etc. churchanacha nangmicha Digitaria sanguinalis yermang Danthonia sp. Koblesia sp. Cymbopogon sp. Festuca sp. chakyonbu Festuca ovina chamangma Stellaria sp. chamichermang Capsella Bursa-pastris chamilamichermang Malva verticillata chanam Juncus sp. chanam Juncus sp. changmal Salix babilonica changyal Pilea sp., changyal Strobilanthus sp. charhildungba Juncus sp. charhirdungba Carex sp. charkyok Rubus sp. charya Sorbus microphylla,, chasing Cotoneaster acuminatus, chasingba Osmantus suevis,, chasopsop chaboso Dorymaria cordata

24 chasyolek Graminae khen chatakbatak Silene chatuk cheew,cheu Carex sp. cheu chemendok Pottentilla sp. chentuk bikh Aconitum sp. cheso pipalpati Hedra nepalensis cheu Carex sp. cheu cheew cheu Carex,, cheubari, cheusing cheu etc cheubari Rolwaling cheubari chheichermang Pus Magh chhuku shim childok Rosa macrophylla Asar Asoj Pankarma chokting Arundinaria chokting Arundinaria serngung Choarma malingo neigalo chucha, churcha Glyceria, Poa, churchak bwaijo Acorus chuthungtowa Arisaema speciossum chyacha danur jaringo Phytollaca acinosa daptapchermang Smilacina, dhaidok dhal lokta Daphne bholua Najing Pangkarma dhatok Codonopsis

25 dingma chaur dokok dokok loa dokshung Salvia domakirma Lauraceae Alangium duma kirma doom siltimber Lauraceae Jeth dopchang Rumex nepalensis dopichermang Lamium amplexicaule dulum Elaeognus dum Lauraceae Chait Baisakh fakpachikariki Orobanchaceae fakpachikariki fechermang bethu Chenopodium leiuchermang Chenopodium sp. fetangba Berchemia furcha Carex furcha Carex furmang Elsholtzia furticosa gauje Quercus lamellosa gik Lorantaceae gising lisya Ilex dipyrena goksing mitochamp Michellia sp. goksing ranichamp Michellia sp. gomak jatamasi Umbelliferae gurchangma Schisandra gurseling Malus sp. gyajikongbu Gentiana firkesag haltok bangu Arisaema sp. Ringmo

26 hongling kurki Picrorhiza scrophulariflora ilame Galinsogo parviflora jimbu jimbu Allium sp jyangma Carex, Kobresia kaapal Saussurea gossypiphora kaapal kalada Caclia sp. lasyup Senecio spp. kalakdumsi Corylus kalakmarchi Gentiana kalakngesi Cotoneaster microphylla kalaksee Hemiphragma heterophyrum kalak see kalma Rhododendron barbatum kalma Rhododendron sp. Baisak kalma karmasing paheile Dodecadenia Phaplu kee kee keedanur Scopolia stramonifolia keefurmang Aster albescens keelamusyok Polygonatum keelaren Salix sp. keemasur Rhododendron lepidotum keengyal Kobresia, mercha keerhauche Anaphalis keesul Rhododenron lepidotum keetokchar Impatiens keeyermang Zanthoxylum yermang kerimendok Liliaceae

27 kerjemendok khambuche aarupate khar kharuki khen khenba titopati khilok khilok Anemone sp., chachya Prunus cornuta rongichake Arundinella Arundinella hirta Artemisia sp Acer Acer caudatum khilok Acer sp. Pangkarma khilok hatti pailo Acer sp. khilok kukur pailo Acer sp. kippaichermang Nasturtium officinale simsag koma Boraginaceae kongung Arundinaria, kowangung koplang utis Alnus nepalensis kyasyar Meconopsis napaulensis kyasyar Meconopsis paniculata kyasyar Desmodium sp. lamadoma Meliosama lamusyok khilaula Polygonatum verticillatum laren Salix sp. larin Piptanthus nepalensis

28 lasyup Senecio spp. lasyupkaru Senecio sp. lasyup lasyupnakpu Senecio sp. lasyup lekharibanmar Skimmia laureola lenja chinik Labiatae lenja chinik Elsholtzia lhasukpa Juniperus recurba, lhesing tingre salla Tsuga dumosa loa, loaa pakha,biralo lokpachermang Plantago major lonjar thotne Aconogonum molle lukgembur Holboelia latifolia luksademendok Pedicularis siphonantha lumu Fragaria lumu Rubus sp. mahaguru mangen mangma jyaiu mangmakaru Androsace sp. mangmakaru Androsace ArenariaSaxifraga mangmakaru Usnea sp. margonak Panax pseudoginseng maripikyok Balanophora masur sunpati Rhododendron anthopogon masurthemba Rhododendron ciliata masur

29 mendokfuti, metabute gulumisi Leucosceptrum canum Senecio mendokserma chrysanthemoides serjun Senecio TaraxacumCremanthodium mendokserma Saxifraga Cruciferae merang salla,khotesalla mercha mikpasing momgoneng Pinus excelsa Graminae, Rhododendron Gaultheria Phaplu Junbesi Kartik Mangsir myangpotok Geranium myangteksyar Tanacetum myankaru Thamnolia nacha Graminae, Phagun Chait nandin Cotoneaster chasin nangmicha bonso Digitaria sanguinalis naplung Viburnum nathung jangle nathungloa nathungwor nermang Rubia sp. nermang Achyranthus sp. ngokpa Allium sp. ngoymchombu dusi

30 ngungma Arundinaria sergumg bak ngyangim aisele Rubus, nimare oldok Bentamidia capitata omiso Euonymus sp.,, omitoluk Potentilla omi omoche Cyananthus omuche Codonopsis omung Podophyllum hexandrum onghulakpa Spiranthus opung Graminae sp. paakemendok Primula paang pakha pachabulu Kobresia pamnima Gaultheria pangbu jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora pangbu jatamansi Valeriana jatamansii patakari Poplus ciliata patakari Magnolia campbelli gotechamp patta sara perenge phi phijyangma Roscoea Commelia sp. Kobresia spp. Pangkarma ngyasing phikalma Rhododendron campanulatum phikhenba bairunpati Compositae philaren Salix sp.

31 phitongmal Rhododendron photokpa Gentiana photokpamendok Gentiana pising karu Quercus Saun Saun Badau seto khasro semecarpifolia Deorali pising nakpu No. pising nakpu Quercus kalo khasro pising khasro pisingtowa semecarpifolia Quercus semecarpifolia Arisaema Deorali Baisakh Jeth Sete Chait Baisakh Asar Pangkarma pongmar Aconitum sp. pongmar bikuwa antidote poplus Poplus sp. Phaplu Asar Saun Badau pothikarma Rhododendron potituk Anemone sp. poyang Gaultheria pyakar banjo Quercus lanuginosa qurchunga Polygonum runcinatum raldi bakari rambu Bistorta spp. Bistorta amplexicaulis B.amplexicaulis var. pendula B. vivipara B. macrophylla rambu phemar Bistorta vivipara rangmichyatok Drocera sp. rapchermang Berberis chutro reche pipalpati Hedra nepalensis cheso

32 reso Jasminum humilum reso rha julo Tussilago rhajyal Urticaceae rhauche Anaphalis rhauche Anaphalis rhauche Anaphalis Gnaphalium Anaphalis, Gnaphalium rhendi rhendimangma Lycopodium rhenditaiu Fagopyrum cymosum rhenditowa Arisaema rhendi rherhe Orchidaceae spp. aruka rhildungha Juncus sp. rhukuche Umbelliferae richa Kobresia richi Evodia richi Rhus sp. khar rongi rongichake khar Cymbopogon Badau, Chait Baisakh kharbari Chalsa, rumdhang Sambucus saakinyagyangim Rubus saaki saakum angeri Lyonia ovalifolia saakum angeri Lyonia villosa sangasing taxol Taxus baccata loat salla sari choya sarmaguru Swertia sayok sisnu Girardinia palmata sayok sisnu Urtica sp.

33 senda ratnagla Polygonum runcinatum senda serjen Senecio mendokserma chrysanthemoides serngung Arundinaria sp.,, sertok Arisaema sertok Arisaema shetothalasing Prunus shungen Symplocos sikimyan Labiatae sp. tokpagaludasa sikimyan Soroseris deasyie tokpagaludasa sindak lahara Smilax sp. sindok Clematis sp. singsermu Lauraceae makaikath Nunthala singsermu paheile Lauraceae singsermu paheile Lauraceae Kartik Lekani siringe siringe Ligustrum sp. sisi Litsea sisi Litsea sukpa Juniperus recurva sukpa dubi Juniperus indica Phunmoche syaiurutta Saussurea? Ringmo syakpa sari syalmyan babari Mentha Jeth Asar syolung setomail Sorbus Ringmo syosingba Pottentilla fruticosa

34 takpa bojpatra Betula utilis takpa saur Betula alnoides tayokpicha Liliaceae teentaale Pangkarma. tem Zinziberaceae Nunthala temal Iris Monsir cheu temik Corydalis tepkur Oxygraphis polypetala thagnum Euphorbia thaktama Spiraea thalasing Prunus, Ilex Prunus Ilex thalasing kharani Symplocos thalasing kharani Symplocos sp. thalasing kharani Symplocos Phaplu thalasing Symplocos pothikarani thasing gobresalla Abies spectabilis thimal Avena fatua thiwimyan Crysosplenium thiwimyan thok chana thasing thokcha unyu tokchar Impatiens tokchar Impatiens spp.,,,

35 tokchar Impatiens tokchar noom tokpagaludasa toktembu dampati Aconitum sp. toluk Pottentilla toluk Potentilla toluk Potentilla spp. tongmarmendok Rhododendron laliguras arboreum topkimyan Filipendula topkom Polygonum nepalensis towa Arisaema spp. towa bangu Arisaema spp. Typhonium diversifolia towakarumu Artemisia sp. karmu Phaplu towamaru Arisaema sp. maru Phaplu towaralwa Arisaema tuk bikh Geranium tuk bikh Compositae tuk bikh Aconitum sp. tungsyomok Ligularia fisherii tungsyomok Cardiocrinum giganteum tungtungnermang Boraginaceae waa Bistorta vaccinifolia waagyak: waa Badau yarchagunbu yartok Arisaema sp. yermang timur Zanthoxylum armatum yertok bangu Arisaema, yerwu Zanthoxylum

36 yokchermang Scabiosa zomso Ligustrum zomso Osmanthus suavis rambu Bistorta vivipara rambu phemar rambu towa serok pisingtowa towaralwa towakarmu towamaru hartok yartok towa nangmitowa khumbitowa chasing chasingba nandin khilok syolung pising masur nandin chasing sisi singsermu nut oil tokuchar childok kalakdumsi oldok childok Rosa macrophylla Asar Asoj

37 yermang lenja nangmitowa masur sukpa lhasukpa phikhenba pangbu jatamansi chentok akchyo hongling pangbu margonak rhenditaiu dhal khenba thasing pising merang

38 saakum takpa patakari koplang chucha churcha chyacha lukchyacha mercha nacha chake khen khar khar kharbari singkhakidonbu singkhakinatng dokok loa dhaidok tokpagaludasa kee rhendi phi

39 pising Quercus semecarpifolia pising karu pising nakpu pising karu pising nakpu Quercus semecarpifolia amdung amdungkaru amdungsepre gauje pyakar

40 chasingba gising omiso zomso khilok syolung doom charya khambuche karmasing thalasing ngyangim akthunga laren rapchermang furmang reso saakum Lyonia villosa reche serngung tepkur lasyup Senecio wallichii lasyupkaru lasyupnakpu buckyochermangrambutokchar toluk tokchar pachabulu keengyal pachabulu jyangma charhildungba bale luksademendok mendokserma potituk luksademendok paakemendok mendokserma Senecio chrysanthemoides nangmicha chaboso ilame

41 Hooker J. D kalma keemasur keesul masur masurthemba mikpasing phikalma tongmarmendok Lumding Kharka buluk saakum sisi thalasing chasing naplung keefurmang keerhauche rhauche thagnum chanam tuk cheew cheu Carex sp. cheubari khar kharbari nangmicha chaboso ilame changmal poplus

42 Badau

43 . Phunmoche Jumbesi Mopung

44 Brower, B. Sherpa of Khumbu: People, Livestock, Landscape. Oxford University Press, Oxford,. Hooker J. D.: HIMALAYAN JOURNALS; OR NOTES OF A NATURALIST IN BENGAL, THE SIKKIM AND NEPALHIMALAYAS, THE KHASIA MOUNTAINS, & c. JOHN MURRAY, LONDON. Furer Haimendorf, C. von The Sherpa of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders, John Murray, London,.

45 Kitamura S, Flowering plants and ferns. In Kihara H. ed, Fauna and Flora of Nepal Himalaya, ~. Fauna and Flora Research Society, Kyoto. Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa, THROUGH A SHERPA WINDOW Illustrated Guide to Traditional Sherpa Culture, Vajra Publications, Kathmandu,. Manandhar, N.P. Plants and People of Nepal, Timber Press, Portland,. Flowers of Bhutan Ohsawa, M., P. R. Syakya, M. Numata: On the occurrence of deciduous broad leaved forests in the cool temperate zone of the humid Himalayas in eastern Nepal Jap. Journal of Ecology, ~,. Stainton, J. D. A., Forest of Nepal, John Murray, London,. Troll, C The three dimensional zonation of Himalayan system In: Troll, C. ed, Geology of the High Mountain Region of Eurasia, ~Franz Stainer, Wiesbanden,. TROPICS, Vol., p,. merang m m.. Thaarem.. m.. cheu cheu m.. m.. lasyup m.. m.. m.. pachabulum.. waa Bistorta vaccnifolia Badau waagyak dokok loam sikimyan Soroseris deasyie H.H.P.Deasy tokpagaludasam.. mangmakaru.. chyacha Anemone m.. lenja No. m.. pising Quercus semecarpifolia pising karu No. pising nakpu No. Deorali m..

46 168 龍谷紀要写真 1 写真 2 写真 3 写真 4 写真 5 写真 6 写真 7 写真 8 第38巻 2017 第 2 号

47 写真 9 写真10 写真11 写真12 写真13 写真14 写真15 写真16 ネパール東部ソルクンブ郡ソル地方のシェルパ族の民族自然誌土屋 169

GEN01

GEN01 涔涝 ha ha a ha t a kg kg A 423 1,749 536 150 28 367 367 8.7 267 855 320 489 B 545 2,186 723 287 40 396 361 7.3 293 820 280 375 C 122 460 153 39 25 57 57 4.7 47 243 517 528 D 101 369 107 23 21 126