DEWS2006 6C-o2 The Sakai Foundation: {kajita, IT MIT Sakai Foundation (1) (2) (3) Sakai Sakai e-learning,

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1 DEWS2006 6C-o2 The Sakai Foundation: {kajita, mase}@nagoya-u.jp IT MIT Sakai Foundation (1) (2) (3) Sakai Sakai e-learning, Web, Web, The Sakai Foundation: Current Status of IT Use for Teaching and Learning Using Open Source Software in Higher Educational Institutions Shoji KAJITA and Kenji MASE Information Technology Center, Nagoya University Furo-cho 1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan {kajita, mase}@nagoya-u.jp Abstract This paper describes the consolidated activities into The Sakai Foundation formed by the key research institutions like University of Michigan, University of Indiana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University as the recent movement in terms of IT use for teaching and learning in North American higher educational institutions, clarifying that (1) the collaborative activities among institutions, (2) open source and open business collaboration with business affiliates, and (3) a strong initiative to direct several related projects by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In addition to the current status and future directions of Sakai, we discuss how Japanese higher educational institutions, in special, key research institutions should react the movement to advance the IT use for teaching and learning in each institution and in the national level. Key words e-learning, Web Service, Web and The Internet, IT use for Teaching and Learning, Open Source 1. 1 NIS (Network Information System) LDAP (Light weight Directory

2 Access Protocol) Kerberos WebCT [1] PDA Web [2] Sustainable Development Sakai Foundation Sakai Foundation 10 (1) (2) (3) Sakai Foundation Sakai 2.1 Sakai [3] [4] [5] [6] 2. Sakai Foundation 10 WebCT Sakai Foundation ( 1 ) 2. 1 [3] [4] (University of British Columbia, UBC) Web (Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund) Web 1 Web Web WebCT (Web Course Tools Web ) WebCT Web 1997 WebCT 2 Blackboard WebCT ID IMS WebCT 3.5 Blackboard 2003 WebCT Blackboard CMS 2 (Campus Computing Project) CMS 80% CMS

1 10 40% [7] 2. 1. 3 2005 2005 10 12 WebCT Blackboard Blackboard 180 M US$ 2006 1 [8] 2. 2 CMS IMS CHEF CMS Andrew W. Mellon CHEF, uportal, OSPI, MIT OKI, Andrew W. Mellon, IMS 2. 2. 1 CHEF CHEF CHEF 39,000 5,000 33,000 75% CHEF 2.

3 % [7] WebCT Blackboard Blackboard 180 M US$ [8] 2. 2 CMS IMS CHEF CMS Andrew W. Mellon CHEF, uportal, OSPI, MIT OKI, Andrew W. Mellon, IMS CHEF CHEF CHEF 39,000 5,000 33,000 75% CHEF uportal uportal Java XML/XSL uportal JA-SIG uportal uportal InfoWorld [9]uPortal IBS-UNICON SCT 300 [9] OSPI OSPI 2003 (1) (2) (3) (4) OSPI1.0 OSPI MIT OKI MIT Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI)

4 API OKI API CMS OKI MIT IMS OKI API OKI OSID (Open Source Interface Definition ) 12 SQL IMS IMS IMS IMS Web IMS 50 IMS CMS 11,,,,,,,,,, CMI (Contents Management Interface ) LO (Learning Object) Apple IBM Microsoft Oracle Sun WebCT Blackboard Mellon Mellon Performing Arts, Library, Schalary Communication, Conservation, Biology Arts Humanity % Mellon CMS (1) CMS MIT Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) (2) OKI Sakai (3) CMS Web uportal (4) OSPI 4 Mellon CMS (1) JStore (2) ArtStore, (3) Outlook PIM(Personal Information Management) PIM Chandler, (4) PKI Dartmouth College PKI (5) P2P Lionwire Lionshare 2. 3 Sakai Sakai OKI CMS CHEF MIT Stellar OnCourse CourseWorks JSR-168 Portlet uportal CMS Sakai 1 [10] ( 2 ) [11] Blackboard WebCT Sakai Foundation Sakai Foundation 3 : InfoWorld Top 4 uportal Sakai 2 Mellon uportal OSPI Sakai MIT, Stanford 2006

5 Sakai Foundation [6] 3. 1 Sakai Sakai WebCT Sakai Sakai Sakai Jakarta Tomcat Dependency Injection Spring Hibernate 3 Sakai Java Server Faces Sakai ( 3 ) 3. 2 Sakai Sakai Sakai Sakai UTF-8

6 Sakai UTF-8 Sakai Sakai Resource-Bundle Java ResourceBundle basename ResourceBundle ResouceBundle API JSF JSF Managed Bean Map JSF faces-config.xml Map JSF loadbundle (ResourceBundle JSF ) Web Java Servlet API Request Sakai Foundation Sakai Sakai Educational Partner Program (SEPP) Carnegie Mellon University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University Johns Hopkins University, New York University, Princeton University, UC Berkeley, UC Los Angeles, University of Wisconsin - Madison 85 2 Sakai Board 4. 1 Sakai 2 3 Mellon Mellon 4 Web 2 10,000$ ( 3 )

4 Web 5 5. 10 (1) (2) (3) Sakai Foundation [13] SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) SOA [14] / [15] [16] 17 [1] WebCT Inc., http://www.webct.com/ [2] Richard N.

7 4 Web (1) (2) (3) Sakai Foundation [13] SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) SOA [14] / [15] [16] 17 [1] WebCT Inc., [2] Richard N. Katz and Associates: Web Portals & Higher Education, Jossey-Bass [3],, Vol.1, No.1 pp [4] WebCT (1.2 ) WebCT: e, pp.4 13,, 2005 [5] 2004-DSM-34 pp [6],,, Sakai 2.1, 1 CMS, pp.59 62, 2005 [7] Kenneth C. Green, Campus Computing 2004, The 15th National Survey of Computing and Information Technology in American Higher Education, The Campus Computing Project, [8] Blackboard and WebCT announce plans to merge, [9] 2003 InfoWorld Top special report/2003/44sriw100.pdf [10] Sakai Project Web Page. [11] A Collaboration of Nine Universities with Common Inter-

8 ests and Challenges in The Area of Teaching and Learning with Technology, EDUCAUSE 2003 [12] Open Knowledge Initiative, What is the Open Knowledge Initiative?, OKI white paper pdf (2002) [13],, CMS, 1 CMS, pp.43 50, 2005 [14] The Kuali Project, [15] Patrick F. Carey and Bernard W. Gleason, Student Services System - Next Generation, IBM Exective White Paper Series - Business Challenges and Innovative Application of Technology in Higher Education, BCS White Paper.pdf [16] (CMS )

e-learning station 1) 2) 1) 3) 2) 2) 1) 4) e-learning Station 16 e-learning e-learning key words: e-learning LMS CMS A Trial and Prospect of Kumamoto

e-learning station 1) 2) 1) 3) 2) 2) 1) 4) e-learning Station 16 e-learning e-learning key words: e-learninglms CMS A Trial and Prospect of Kumamoto University e-learning Station Hiroshi Nakano 1) Kazuhisa