カンドゥ問題をめぐる清朝とダライラマ政権の対応

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1 Journal of Asian and African Studies, No.90, 2015 カンドゥ問題をめぐる清朝とダライラマ政権の対応 17 The Treatment of Kandu by the Qing Dynasty and the Dalai Lama Government The Relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Tibet in the Latter Half of 17th Century the Beginning of the Kangxi Period YAMADA, Noriyuki Qinghai Güshi Khan s fifth son, Ildüči s eldest son, Kandu was send to govern Kham. At first Kandu took action as dge-lugs-pa sect s patron, in the same way as other Güshi Khan families. But later he changed to protect karma pa sect, and conflicted with the Dalai Lama government. This article clarifies the relationship between the Qing dynasty and the Dalai Lama government through an examination of their treatment of Kandu. At first, the Kangxi Emperor had a passive attitude, but later he actively took part in the issue because he had less military power than Kandu had in Yunnan. It is believed that he was forced to accept all of the Dalai Lama s requests, and he expected the Dalai s Khong Tayiji and the Dasi Baatur Thayiji to exterminate Kandu s powers. On the other hand, the Kandu issue meant that an area was created where the 5th Dalai Lama could not politically and religiously govern. In order to address this issue, initially the 5th Dalai Lama requested the Kangxi Emperor to let the incarnated lamas of the Karma-pa sect return to Lhasa. As a result, they were put under the control of the 5th Dalai Lama, and he retook the rgyal thamg area through attacks by Dasi Baatur Thayiji. This was seen as compliance from Kangxi s, and from the view of the Dalai Lama, it actually meant the final solution to the Kandu issue. Some 'jang powers and karma pa s temples during Kandu s rule were exterminated, and the dominant dge lugs pa sect was established in the area. Considering the circumstances mentioned above, the 5th Dalai Lama was led the initiative in solving the Kandu issue, and thus his sphere of influence expanded south. I think that Kandu issue should not be recognized as a small issue in not only Tibetan studies, but also East and Inner studies. Keywords: : Kandu, Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama Government, Karma pa sect, Wu Sangui

2 (1) (2) 2 (1) (2) 3 11(1672) ( ) (qosigud) (gusi qan) (bagtur qong tayiji) (karma pa) (cogtu) 5 (bstan 'dzing chos kyi rgyal po) 1642 (karma bstan skyong) 5 (gzhis ka tse) 13 ( 2001: : ) (dbus) (khams) 10 5 (ilduci) (Mon. kandu, Tib. mkha' 'gro) 1) (sbo 'bor ba) ) ('jang rgyal po ) ( 2011) (dge lugs pa) ('jang bar bka' 'gyur) 3) (li thang) 4) ( 2010: 56) 1) (mkha' 'gro blo bzang bstan skyong) (smra khams) (mdo khams) (sgang drug) (dar rtse mdo) (mkha' 'gro blo bzang bstan skyong dpa' rtsal shin tu che bas / smra khams phyogs su dmag dpung btegs mdo khams sgang drug thams cad dang / shar dar rtse mdo tshun chad dbang du bsdus / GBSH: 71) 2) ('jang) (sa tham) 'jang rgyal po sa tham rgyal po 'jang sa tham rgyal po 3) ('jang rgyal po)(karma mi pham tshe dbang bsod nams rab brtan) 6 (gar dbang chos kyi dbang phyug) 1621 ( 2011: 120) 4) 6 (zhwa dmar drug pas rab gnas mdzad pa'i bka' 'gyur gyi bar shing blangs nas li thang du bzhugs pa sogs / GBHS: 71)

3 ( 13) 10 (Tib. bkra shis baa thur tha i jis Mon. OljeitU bagatur tayiji) (rgyal thang) 5) 6) 7) 1 8) ( ) 5 9) ( ) (2014) 檔 ( 檔 ) 檔 1 ( 檔 ) 10) ( ) 5) rgyal thang jaltang jong diyan 2 6) 7) ( ) 8) Richardson(1958) Douglas White(1976) Kunsang Pema(2012) (Richardson 1958: 159, Kunsang, Pema 2012: 147) 5 (Douglas, White 1976: 88) 9)(2001) 10) 檔 ( 7 ) 檔 ( 22 ) 檔檔 (1636) 9(1670) 檔 10(1671) ( 13(1674) 19(1680) ) 檔檔檔 ( ) 5 ( 檔 2000)

4 82 90 ( 2014: ) 11) (2014) (1996) (1995) 檔檔檔 ( 檔 ) 11(1672) 5 9 (1652) ( 2001) 17 ( ) ) (chu dmar) 13) 14) ) (1999) Ahmad(1970) Rock(1947) (2007) (2007) 12) 10 ( 5 ) (mtsho kha nas mkha' 'gro 'byor ba'i rta dkar po bcu la dngul sga gtad pa'i phyag rten dang bcas phrad cing... / DL5, Vol. 1: 281) 13) ( 1978: 64) 14) 5 (chu dmar brgyud kyi phur mkha' 'gros gtsos par khams kyi skya ser bod 'brog gtos che bas so so'i yul lugs dang bstun pa'i rta khrab / ja pags rigs sogs bdog pa rnam grangs mang ba bstar / khrom la yi ge drug pa'i rjes gnang dang...byas /(DL 5, Vol. 1: 360) (mkha' 'gro bar khams su phyir bteg / DL 5, Vol. 1: 361)

5 ) (mu li) 16) 16(1659) ( ) 17) 18) ( 1987: 842) 16(1659) 18(1661) 5 19) (1666) 20) 5 6(1667) 3 21) ) 15) 64 (sbyin bdag dpon mkha' 'gros byas te thub chen gyi dri gtsang khang dang 'du khang bskyed pa'i ka ba drug cu re bzhi'i sa rnams gsar rgyag / DL 5, Vol. 1: ) 16) (bla ma bsam gtan bzang po) ( ) (a 'phrad) (rgyal po'i dmag dang mnyam du a 'phrad dgon sder bcas blangs nas zhwa ser gyi bstan par bcug pas / MC: 42) 17) ( ) 18)( ) 19) () 20) ( ) 21) ( ) 22) ( )

6 ) 9 24) 7(1668) 9 25) (kong po) ) (rgyal tshab) 27) 1647 (chos dbyings rdo rje) 1648 (karma 'chi med lha dbang ) ( ) 28) 29) 1655 (grwa pa) ) ) 24) ( ) 25) ( ) 26) (lho brag) (stag lung zhabs drung) (mchod yun lho brag phyogs su phebs pa'i gdong du stag lung zhabs drung bar chings la thegs gyang sgar ba dpon slob bzhugs ma nus par bros thabs kyis khams la phebs / DL 5, Vol. 1: ) 27) 6 (mthong ba don ldan) (Kunsang, Pema 2012: 265) 28) (yab rgyal po karma mi pham tshe dbang gshegs pa thugs rjes bzud zhus / KM: 444) 29) (rgyal pos yun du bzhugs par zhus kyang 'du rji la mi dgyes pas rgyal thang phyogs su byon / KM: 447) 30) 1000 (lo der 'jang yul gyi gra pa stong tsam la rab byung bsnyen rdzogs gnang / KM: 451)

7 85 (zhwa dmar) (si tu) (dpa' bo) (phag mo) (zhwabs drung) (zhwa sgom) (rim gro pa) 31) (shun rtsis) 32) ) 34) 35) ) ) 31) (GB, Vol. 2: 349) 32)chos rje karma pa/ zhwa dmar / si tu / dpa' bo / phag mo / zhabs drung / zhwa sgom sku skye sogs la rim gro pas lo gsar stan mo zhus / sa tham rgyal pos kyang lo gsar phul / gong ma shun rtsis zhu yig dang bang mi 'byor / (KM: 452) 33) 5(1407) 5 (de bzhin gshegs pa) ( ) 34)( ) 35)(hu dbang) gong ma nas tham ka rje ba dang taa ming hu dbang gi dus ltar bdag rkyen yod tsul zhus kyang / tham ka gsar pa len pa'i 'jig rten phyogs kyi zhu 'dong ci yang med gsungs /(KM: ) 36) (bla ma karma pa chen po bzhugs pa'i 'jang yul du kyim bdag zhig gi sras su 'khrungs kyang / KM: ) 6 檔 Douglas, White(1976) (Douglas, White 1976, 164)

8 (1667) (ye shes snying po) 38) (1669) 3 5 ( ) (Mon. ulagan malag-a, Tib. zhwa dmar pa) (Mon.paGmuwa, Tib. phag mo)2 (pingsi wang) 39) 40) 6(1667) 2 41) 37)karma pa yab sras ljang phyogs su bzhugs kyang shar rgyal po mi 'gyur ba'i gdeng tshad yod pas re dogs ma dgos gshis bde gzar bshol ba'i gag la ma thug 'dug tshul gyi yig lan bskur / (DL 5, Vol. 1: 559) 38)( ) (GB, Vol. 2: 338) 39)tere qariy-a-tu ulus-un jaq-a kijagar-a karma ulam SoGlaGad,, ka[n]du-yin mal-i cu degeremlen abcu tedui kelelcen ilegegsen elcis-i arg-a meke-ber kidugsen-dur ka[n]du cerigelji orugulugad karma-tai jokildun kelegseger ni amur-iyar sagulgaji bayinam,, ulagan malagatu pagmuwa qoyar keseg kumun-tei pingsi wangun bayigci-du ecici genem,, teyimu irgen qudquji kitad monggul-un sayin toru-dur gem kiku bolugujai,, teden-i mon karma-yin oyira neyilegulkui jarlig soyurqagdaqui,,( 檔 ) 40) 41) (mkhas pa chen por bzhugs kyang phyis rgya yul du sku thim // GB, Vol. 2: 347)

9 (1669) ( ) ) ( 9(1670) 2 27 ) 43) 42)ulaGan malag-a-yin Gurban ayimag kumun, ka[n]du-lug-a magulalduju siqamdagad, aju torukui-ben UlU olqu-yin tula, namayi joriju iregsen-dur, yun nan-u Gajar-tur tegsileju sagulgagad, kesig kurtegul-un, Sangnaju, aqu torukui yabudal-i olgagulba,, eduge ci Guyun ayiladqaju, ulagan malag-a, pagmu qoyar keseg kumuni neyilegulku ajiyamu kemejukui,, dalai blam-a ci ber ulagan malag-a-tu karm-a tan-i kerkibesu ber UlU konugemu, UlU jobagamu kemen batulaju, ayiladqaqu ba,,basa ulagan malag-a-tu pagmu odqu duratai bolbasu, tere cag-tur medesugei,, teyimu-yin tula tuslaju bagulgaba,( 檔 ) 43)siqamdaGad joriju iregsen-u tula, karm-a tan-dur neyilegulbesu jokis Ugei buluge,, sedkibesu dalai blam-a ci burqan-u sorgaguli-yi erkilecu, qamug-i nayiraldugul-un, ulagan malag-a-tu, pagmuwa-yi neyilegulku ajiyamu kemen GuyuGsan-u tula, cinu GuyuGsan-u yosugar neyilegulumui,,( 檔 )

10 (1671) (Mon. barkam, Tib. bar khams) 44) (1671) (Uile ilgagaci tusimel) (nandagai) (man jin) (ung giya mu tan) (lin bu ki) 44)ulaGan malag-a-tu pagmu-wa qoyar-un ucir deger-e medegulugsen yosugar inagsi GarGan soyurqagsan jarlig bicig-i Ujiji masi bayasba,, ene qoyar-i kandu-yin oyir-a bayilgabasu qoor gem ba,, jobaqu bolugujai kemen sanaju baragun tala ende tobed-tu keyid sum-e-du ali sayin-yiar deger-e ki jalrag metu UlU jobaqui-bar saguqay-a geji qoyar sayin kumun ekilen barkamn-iyar ulamjilan ilegem,,( 檔 )

11 89 45) 46) (a ting ka) 47) 45)ulaGan malag-a, pagmu tan-u tula, cinu ayiladqagsan-i yabugulju, GadaGadu monggul-un toru-yi jasaqu yabudal-un yamun-u Uile ilgagci tusimel nandagai tan-i jaruju, ulagan malag-a pagmu-yi kurgegulbesu, monggul-un terigun man jing, ung giye mu tan arg-a-bar karm-a-dur surgaju Ober-e Gajar-tur jayilagulju sagulgagad, basa jam-un orcin sagugsan kumun-i qola jayilagulju, minu jagugsan tusimed-tur amun qudaldur-a ireku-yi cagajilaju bayilgajuqui,, monggul-un terigun man jing, ung giya mu tan, jagugsan tusimed-un dergede kedui ireju jolgabasu ber,, onca kandu-yin Ugeber qagurmaglan OgUleju, egun-dur tegun-dur siltaglaju edur udaguljuqui,, qoyin-a karma kedui irebesu-ber teriguben UlU siragsen-u tula, nigeken be Uge OgUlegsen Ugei odjuqui,, basa karm-a-yin door-a lin bu ki-yin Uge,, bide kandu-yin Gajar-tur sagujuqui,, kandu kuliyecu ab-ki kuliyeju abumui,, buu ab kemebesu UlU abumui kemen kuliyeju ese abjuqui,, teyin bolbacu ber, cinu jarugsan kumun kurku-yin urida, minu jarugsan tusimed kuruge qoyisi iregsen bui-j-a kemen, ulagan malag-a, pagmu tan-i mon ku OgsUgei kemeju boluge,, jaq-a-yin tusimed-un ayiladqagsan bicig-i UjebesU, tegun-ece ber ulagan malag-a, pagmu tan-i kogeju GarGaqu cag-tur kandu, karm-a-yi ulagan malag-a, pagmu tan-dur jolgaqu Ugei kemeku batulaqu bicig bicigul-un, temedeg tamag-a darugulju abusa kemejukui,, eyimu-yin tula, onca egun-dur tegun-dur siltaju kuliyeju ese abugsan busugu UU,, eyimu-yin tula, ulagan malag-a, pagmu tan-yi UlU OggUmU,,( 檔 ) 46) 5 (rgya mtshams su mkha' 'gros don med kyi sog po dra btang bas... DL 5, Vol. 2: 202) 47)urida kandu li giyang fu-yin qariy-a-tu jong diyan-u jerge Gajar-i ejelejukui kemen, jaq-a-yin tusimed kedun-ber Uy-e ayiladqagsan boluge,, engke amugulang-un arbadugar-on, jaq-a-yin tusimed-un ayiladqagsan bicig-i UjebesU dalai blam-a-yin jarugsan kumun jarlag-i dagaju, ulagan malag-a pagmu tan-i ugtur-a irebe kemen atala, jong diyan-u yeke jam-iyar UlU iren, buyida narin jam-iyar togurin ireju, kumun Ugei Gajar-iyar sal uyaju moren-i getuljukui kandu basa qoyin-a-aca inu daru cerig abju, a ting ka-yin- Gajar-a buliyan tataju yabumu kemeku jerge-yin Uges bui buyu,, UrgUlji eyin jaq-a-gajar-i qalidcu yabuqu inu yambar sanagan bui,, eduge dalai blam-a ci kumun jaruju, kandu-yi qoyisi tatagad,, ijagur-un sagugsan Gajar-tur sagulgaju, Ober-Un Gajar usun sakin,, cagaja qauli-yi yabugulbasu jokimu,,( 檔 )

12 ) (1672) 2 (Mon. micag ba, Tib. mi lcag pa) ) ) 5 (1670 )12 (mthur phu) 48) 10 ( 檔 B21266) 49) (törü-yin jabsar-a) ( 檔 214 檔 1 62) 5 50)ende-ece micag ba tai qoyar sayid-i ugtur-a ilegegsen Gajar qoladaju urid qojid bolji bayinam,, ulagan malag-a-tu pagmu qoyar-i kandu jobagaqu bolugujai, UlU jobagaqu kereg kemen urida jarlag bolugsan-i job kemen sanaju karma-yin jirgal jobalang-i kandu medeku tula karma-lug-a qamtu talbibasu jobugujai tende Ober-Un nigen keid sum-e-du amur-iyar sagulgasu geji, mani ilegegsen elcis qagagdaju pingsi-wang-du ese kurci jabsar-un kumun-iyer wang-dur ulamjilan kelen ilegebesu Uge tasuldabuu qarigu ese iregsen-dur,, tere qoyar arg-a baraju wang-tur kurkui sanaju eyin teyin jam-i eriji yabugsan bayinam,, tegun ece busu gem-tu sedkil-iyer monggul-un cerig abcu bultaqu jam-iyar yabugsan burugu sedkil busu,, mani qoyar kumun wang kiged ulagan malag-a-tu tan-dur jolgaqu juil-i kandu yosugar ese tusalaji bayinam,, mani urida ilegegsen qoyar kumun tende kuliyegseger bui buluge,, eduge ulagan malag-a-tu pagmu qoyar-i mani qoyar kumundur neyilegulju eyin ilegekui,, jarlag yakiy-a bolqui OrUsiyen soyurq-a kemen jidkun kiciyen ayiladqagsan-i burugusiyal UgegUi-e butugen soyuraq-a,,( 檔 )

13 91 51) 5 5 (dalai [qong] tayiji) 52) ( ) (sdanjin) 53) ( ) 54) 5 5(1666) 5 11(1672) ( ) 51)zhwa dmar sgrub pa'i sku mtsur phu lta bur bzhugs na legs tsul gong du zhus pa bzhin lung bzang pos khong dpon slob yar skyel mar mngags kyang... (DL 5, Vol. 2: ) 52) 6 (dalai bagtur dorji) ( 2001: 111) 53) (sereng qadan bagtur) ( 1986: 484) ( ) 54)a ting ka-yin ulus-tur SoG serikun Uiledcu UrgUlji jiq (jaq)-a Gajar-a samagu UiledUgci-dUr manu elci qamiy-a Ugei,, kandu jaltang-du saguqui burugu inagsi Garcu ir-e geji UrgUlji keleged, koke nagur-aca dalai [qong] tayiji ir-e geju basa basa kumun ilegedeg bayinam,, eyin bayin argalaju eduge boltala GaruGsan Ugei bayinam,, basa ber [qong] tayiji qatagu jogelen aliba juyil-yier tataqu bui-y-a,, tegun-du ese bolqula kucileji abqu-du cinagsi kitad dotor-a irekule sdanjin metu UlU asaran bari inagsi dalai [qong] tayiji-du kurgegulji OgkUi ayiladun soyurq-a,,( 檔 )

14 ) (1659) 檔檔 11(1672) 檔箐 (Mog. jaisang) 56) 鑱拖 57) 55)kerber cinu door-a-tu terigulegsen arad konugen jobagaqu bolbau, eguni dalai blam-a ci mede basa kanduyi ta kucun-iyer abqui-dur siqamdaju inaggsi minu kerem-dur oruju irebesu, sdanjin-aca yekede Ober-e bukui-yin tula, darui bariju qoyisi OgsUgei,,( 檔 1 80) 56) 57) 箐

15 93 58) 3 59) ( 1992: 16-17) ) ) 62) 300 鑱拖 ( 檔 B ) 58) ( ) 59) (man jin) ( 2014) 60) 狜猔 ( ) 61) ( ) ( ) 62)

16 (nor bu bzang po) (Douglas, White 1976: 164) (1673) 13(1674) 65) 噶 63) 噶 64) (1670 ) 5 (zhal ngo) (mi lcags) (bzhung dbyings rin po che) 3 (drung 'khor) (nga dbang dkun mchog bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan) 63) ( 檔 B21270) 64) 噶 ( 檔 B21271) 65) 檔 1 12(1673) 13(1674) 5

17 95 (stag 'du ba) (1673 ) 66) ) ) ( ) (da la'i hung tha'i ji) (zhal dpon gro 'phan) (dar rgyas bkra shis) 69) ) (dga' ldan dar rgyas) (tshe dbang rab brtan) (thar pa) (er khe ji nong) (se chen tha'ji) (bstan 'dzin) (gnyer pa) 71) 66)de lor zhwa dmar sprul pa'i sku sngon dbus gtsang du sog dmag gis sde gzar la brten nas yul nan phyogs su phebs pa'i rjes su rtsad gcod dang gdan 'dren par zhal ngo mi lcags nas dpon gyog gzhung dbyings rin po che nas rdzong brda' gnang ba bzhin / de skor lo gsum gyi bar du mu lir bzhugs de zhabs 'degs bsgrubs nas gzhung sa'i bka' ltar rang re'i dmag dpung sa mtshams su bsdad thog yul nan la rang tsho'i mi ngo btang ste rgya dpon la rgyu mtshan zhus nas yar mu li dgon du gdan drangs /... / gzhung gi drung 'khor gsar phebs sgang ru gyas ru'i dpon stag 'du ba rnams dang / zhwa dmar sprul pa'i sku gtso 'khor bcas par glang lo'i rang zhal gsar tshes kyi bzhugs gral du gsol ston zab rgya zhus / (MC: 87-88) 67) (yun nan du rgya dmag gis spyan drang nas phabs / de nas rim bzhin 'jang yul sogs brgyud mtshur phur phebs / GB, Vol. 2: 338) 68)mtshur phu nas zhwa dmar mchog gi sprul sku 'dir phebs pa'i sgo dod par... 'bri stag dang cha mtshungs pa'i bzhugs khri ldang ba gzhis len sogs dmangs kyi blor mi shong bzhin du gang rgyas bstar / (DL, Vol. 2: ) 69)dpon mkha' 'gro'i snying la bdud zhugs pa'i byed ngan gyi phung zhor la brten sgar chen rgyal thang phyogs su bzhugs thabs dang bral ba'i daa la'i hung tha'i jis sog po'i mi bzang dpung bcas / zhal dpon 'gro phan / dar rgyas bkra shis rnams gdan 'dren la mngags te dbus phyogs su phebs dgos... (DL5, Vol. 2: 359) 70)tshe drug la po ta lar phebs nyin bkur gzos rje zhwa dmar ba dang phyogs 'dra tsam zhus / (DL5, Vol. 2: 359)

18 96 90 檔 (1673) (mdo khams) (sangs rgye kun) (rtse: ) 72) (1673) ) 5 74) (yang thnag) 75) ( 46 57) 71)bar khams phyogs su mkha' 'gro dang sgar pa sku nyer 'brel ba sogs... /... da la'i hung tha'i ji dpa' mdzangs brtul phod pa rta rmig gi rdul gyis nam mkha' 'geng pa lta bu'i dpung chen po'i dmag dpon gyi khur gzung / dga' ldan dar rgyas / tshe dbang rab brtan / thar pa / yer khe ji nong / se chen tha'i ji / bstan 'dzin / nyer pa rnams kyis yongs su bskor te bar khams kyi lte bar 'byor ba tsam gyis pha rol ma rungs pa'i mi mthun phyogs kyi ngan dgra mtha' dag nags me rlung gis bskyod pa bzhin mthun pa'i gyang du khugs nas dregs ldan thams cad gtong pa smad de rang zhabs su 'dus / (DL5, Vol. 2: ) 72)chu glang hong tha'i ji de nyed (nyid) mdo khams su chibs bskyod li thang du 'byor thub nas bdag skyen gnang rtses gtan tshig tu [tshigs su] gsal 'dug cing / (GTL: 50) ) (bka' btgyad nor bu) (mas chag pa) (ul jo'i thu paa thur tha'i ji'i cho lo / bdog pa'i skyes dang bcas dmag dpon / dmag las par bka' brgyad nor bu / mas chags pa can rdzong bda' mdzad song / DL5, Vol. 2: 392) 74) ( ) 75) ( 57)

19 97 5 ( 2006 Ahmad 1970) 5 ( 1998) (sera) ('bras spungs) (dga' ldan) 3 30 (mang skol) 76) (gtor bzlog) 77) 78) ) 檔 (1674 ) (bang grong) (mong kwa) ( ) (bstan bsrungs) (mgo dpon) (rgya bya ba) (tsher ma) 80) 81) 76) 77)gtor zor dang zlog pa 78)rgyal thang phyogs su dus gzings byung ba'i sku rim la ser 'bras dge gsum gyis gtsos pa'i dge lugs dgon che kha sngags grwa sum cur mang skol dang bcas pa'i gtor bzlog / (DL 5, Vol. 2: 386) 79)'di lo rgya ljangs kyi thugs brel stabs nas... (DL 5, Vol. 2: 402) 80) 81)shing stag rgyal thang rdzong bang grong dus kar dgon khag dang / mong kwa bcas pa'i skyar langs skabs kho pa'i pha bstan bsrungs kyi blo lus gang chog gi zhabs phyi zhu bar / 'jang rgyal dang kar dgon khag

20 98 90 檔 82) 14(1674) (DL5, Vol. 2: 402, 407, 419) 5 ( 2006: 53) 83) (rgyab bya) (mo bkag) (rab brtan) (rtsi bzhag) (khang gsar) (a spong 'go) (rtsa nye ba) 84) mong kwa kyi (kyis) ma 'dod pa'i ched 'gel dang / mog dpon phung / rgya bya ba rnams bros gdong / kho pa'i tsher ma dang / khang pa bcas me la bsregs pa sogs byung 'dug par brten / baa thur ching wang de phyogs dpungs (dpung) 'jug la phebs skabs / (GTL: 50-51) 82)khams phyogs kar dgon spyi la'ng rgya bya ba'i ngan drin gyi skyon gzhi yod thog / (GTL: 4) 83) 5 ( 檔 ) 84)rgyal thang du zla ba bcu gcig pa'i tshes lnga'i nyin ul jo'i thu paa thur gyis gtsos pa'i bod sog gi dmag gis rgyab bya / mo bkag / rab brtan / rtsi bzhag / khang gsar / a spong 'go / rtsa nye ba sogs rgyal thang yang thang gi skya ser tshang ma bcoms par snang / (DL 5, Vol. 2: 421)

21 ) 5 86) (rtsi bzhag) (1679 ) (dga' ldan sum rtsen gling) ) ( 233) 500 ('jol ) (sngo phu ) (spom rag ) (khrung khrung mtsho sgang) 3 3 ( 5 ) (dga' ldan bde chen gling) (dga' ldan yangs pa can) (khruca khrung mtsho sgan) (dga' ldan don grub gling) 88) 85)dpon mkha' 'gros rgya bod kyis mtshams mi bde ba byas par brten gnas nas phyungs shig par gong nas lung byung ba ltar tsul bzhin bsgrubs pa'i bya dgar tshes brgyad kyi nyin gong gi bka' shog rten du gser srang chig brgya so lnga las grub pa'i maṇḍala... (DL 5, Vol. 2: ) 86)(rdo mkhar rdzong) (rdo mkhar rdzong zhol bsod nmas sang gyas spun gnyis kyi sa zhing khang / phan tshun gyi sgo phyi sa yul 'brog rigs / gyog rigs pho mo bcas / da lta phan 'dzin bdag ci yin la 'jags gnas kyi tham ka byin pa yin pas / GTL: 15) 87)rgya bod kyi mtshams rgyal thang rtsi bzhag dgon zhuṭa kyi 'jigs pas dmigs med du song shul du sa lug lor tshugs pa dga' ldan sum rtsen gling /... / dgon lag dang bcas pa'i lnga gnyis spo 'bor ba /... / tshogs su grwa pa lnga brgya skor / (VDS: 457) 88)'jol dang / sngo phu / spom rag khrung khrung mtsho sgang bcas kyi dgon khag grwa rigs kha shas nas kyang rgya bya ba'i mig ltos ngan pa'i rnam 'gyur mi khas pas rkyen blangs / gzhung sa chos yon chen po dgongs tshom ' khrungs pas / dgon khag gsum po' di gzhung bzhes sgo dod / khag gsum phyogs gcig par /... gong sa chen po nas / 'jol dgon la dga' ldan bde chen gling dang / sngo phu dga' ldan yangs pa can / khruca khrung mtsho sgan la dga' ldan don grub gling zhes pa'i ming stsal ba sogs / (GTL: 4-6)

23 101 53(1714) 佟 ( (1714) ) 52(1713) ( (1713) ) 30(1691) ( ) (1719) ( 3(26) ) 檔檔檔 1 檔 2005 檔檔檔 2003 DL5 5 nga dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho, nga dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho'i rnam thar. bar, smar cha GB si tu pan chen chos khi 'byung gnas, 'be lo tshe dbang kun khyab. History of the karma bka 'brgyud pa sect,sgrub brgyud karma kaṁ tshang brgyud pa rin po che'i rnam par thar pa rab 'byams nor bu zla ba chu shel gyi phreng ba.vol. 2, New Delhi: D.Gyaltsan and Kesang Legshay, GBHS pal mang paṇḍi ta, rgya bod hor sog gi lo rgyus nyung ngur brjod ba byis pa 'zug pa 'i 'bab stegs bzhugs so GTL 檔 rgyal thang gi lo rgyus yig tshags dpyad gzhi phyogs bsgrigs. 檔 2003 KM karma nges don bstan rgyas, Brief Biographies of the Successive Embodiments of the Black Hat Karmapa Lamas, chos rje karma pa sku 'phreng rim byon gyi rnam thar mdor bsdus dpag bsam khri shing, Himachal Pradesh: Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre, (TBRC Work Number: W30161). MC ngag dbang mkhyen rab,mu li chos 'byung VDS sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho, dga' ldan chos 'byung vaiḍūrya ser po 檔檔檔 6: : : ( ) : : : :

24 : 动檔 2000 檔 Ahmad, Z Sino-Tibetan Relations in the Seventeenth Century. Rome: Istituto Italiano Per Il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente. Douglas, N.and White, M Karmapa: The Black Hat Lama of Tibet. London: Luzac and Company LTD. Kunsang, Lama and Pemo, Lama, Aubèle, M History of the Karmapas: The Odyssey of the Tibetan Masters with the Black Crown. New York: Snow Lion. Richardson, H. E The Karma pa sect. A Historical Note. Part I. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Rock, J. F The Ancient Na-Khi Kingdom of Southwest China, Cambride: Harvard University Press

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YOKO01_26959.pdf

YOKO01_26959.pdf 佛教大学大学院紀要文学研究科篇第38号 2010年３月) ら出会うと認めるのなら一切の本質において出会うのか一方向において出会うのか第一の一切の本質において出会うようなら位置が入り混ざっていることになってしまうのである / そう認めるのならどれだけの微塵が集められても量が大きくなることは有り得ないことになるのである一方向において出会い一方向において出会わないのなら