演習林（第28号）表紙.pwd

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1 Avifauna in the Ikawa University Forest and the Ikawa Area, City of Shizuoka, Japan. Masahiro FUJIOKA Summary FSCSGEC Yatsugatake University Forest, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba

2 a Zosterops japonicusaegithalos caudatuspasser montanus Sturnus cineraceusstreptopelia orientalis Hypsipetes amaurotisparus major Emberiza cioidesbambusicola thoracica Lanius bucephalus Seino et al. Seino et al. N, E,m,ha,ha% Quercus crispulaabies firmatsuga sieboldii Cryptomeria japonicachamaecyparis obtusalarix kaempferi

3 ha,m,m Betula ermaniiabies veitchiitsuga diversifolia %,ha MJIT, Figure. Study Area. The shaded area surrounded by a dotted line is the Ikawa University Forest (, ha), where I set ve survey routes shown by bold lines with abbreviated names. Two other routes (MJ and IT) were set in surrounding forests SW and SSE of the university forest. I also compiled records of birds found around the university ofce shown by a black circle. See Table for details of the survey routes.

4 RF m km,,m Google Earth mw Pterocarya rhoifoliafraxinus platypodabetula maximowicziana cm mit Abies homolepis Table. Features of the routes for linetransect surveys. Site Category Route Name Abbr. Lowest Alt. (m) Highest Alt. (m) Length (m) Open Space University Forest Surrounding Forests Open Spaceis mostly covered with nonvegetated earth or young trees along a road and stream in the university forest.

5 CedarPine LarchFirBroadleaf MixedNonforest Figure. Forest types along the survey routes. Length means the total length of both sides of each route. See Table for details of the survey routes. km SD SD.kmhSD.kmh.kmhSD.kmh auditoryvisual LH

6 .m m m m mgpstopom MapCSGPS m.mmmm.%.% Paridae and related spp. Phylloscopus spp. Cuculus spp. Dendrocopos kizukiregulus regulus.m Turdus naumanni.mm mmgarrulus

7 AuditoryVisual Figure. Comparison of numbers of records within each distance range between the two methods of observations. Visualrecords include cases in which birds were found by ear but later conrmed visually. glandarius Cuculus fugaxcuculus poliocephalusmm mluscinia cyane Cyanoptila cyanomelanatroglodytes troglodytestarsiger cyanurus mm.%.%.%.m.mmmm m m

8 Parus Figure. Proportions of records in relation to the distance ranges for species with enough sample sizes. Selected species are those of or more records in winter and or more records in summer. Paridae and related spp., Phylloscopus spp. and Cuculus spp. were combined for simplication (Paridae in summer includes Parus spp. only). Figure. Comparison of distance ranges among seasonbehavior categories. Other behaviors were recorded less than times and thus neglected here.

9 , Parus aterparus montanusparus varius Sitta europaea.%.% Fringilla montifringilla Leiothrix lutea % Cettia diphone Phylloscopus borealoidesphylloscopus coronatus Cuculus saturatuspicus awokerasphenurus sieboldii Motacilla cinereaficedula narcissina.% IT IT HM m....sd HM..SD MJ..SDTS..SD

10 m Figure. Numbers of birds and species recorded in each survey route during the wintering season. Numbers of birds recorded in each year and those of species observed during the three survey years are given. See Figure for the locations and Figure for the forest composition. Table. ANOVA table for the number of birds per m during the wintering season. Factor Df Sum Sq. Mean Sq. F value P Year.... Route.... Residuals.. ShapiroWilk normality test, W., P. W., P. Squareroot values (ShapiroWilk normality test, W., P.) were used for the ANOVA because the distribution of raw data differed signicantly from the normal distribution (W., P.). TS m....sd

11 Others Figure. Numbers of dominant species during the wintering season in forest routes within the Ikawa University Forest. Total numbers during the three survey years are shown. Species of less than individuals were summed inothers. m Figure. Numbers of birds and species recorded in each survey route during the breeding season. Number of birds recorded in each year and number of species observed during the three survey years are given. See Figure for the locations and Figure for the forest composition... HMIT MJ

12 Table. ANOVA table for the number of birds per m during the breeding season. Factor Df Sum Sq. Mean Sq. F value P Year.... Route... <. Residuals.. ShapiroWilk normality test, W =., P=. The distribution of raw data did not differ significantly from the normal distribution (ShapiroWilk normality test, W =., P=.).,m,m,m,m Others Figure. Numbers of dominant species during the breeding season in forest routes within the Ikawa University Forest. Total numbers during the three survey years are shown. Species of less than individuals were summed inothers.

13 WinterSummerAB Figure. Numbers of birds (A) and species (B) in relation to the altitude ranges during the wintering season (Winter) and the breeding season (Summer)., Turdus chrysolaus Strix uralensisemberiza rusticacorvus corone Pericrocotus divaricatusemberiza elegans Hirundo rustica Phalacrocorax carbospizaetus nipalensis IB HM IT

14 point counts line transectsbibby et al. Wilson et al. Verner Bibby et al..m m m Bibby et al. %% m

15 m.m %,m

16 Scolopax rusticola Otus scopscaprimulgus indicuslagopus mutus Apus pacificuslanius tigrinusprunella collaris Terpsiphone atrocaudatacoccothraustes coccothraustea Emberiza variabilis Turdus pallidusemberiza spodocephalacarduelis sinicacarduelis spinus MacArthur & MacArthur, Hino, b MacArthur & MacArthur,

17 :. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D. and Hill, D.A. () Bird census techniques. pp. Academic Press, London. :. :. :. :. Strix :. Hino,T.() Relationships between bird community and habitat structure in shelterbelts of Hokkaido, Japan. Oecologia :. Bird Research :TT. :. :. astrix : b :

18 : :. :. MacArthur, R.H. and MacArthur, J.W. () On bird species diversity. Ecology :. :. :. :. :. Seino, T., Hirata, A., Bessho, N., Hayashi, Y., Koseki, R., Endho, T., Takinami, A., Ueji, Y. and Nakamura, T. ()Anewora list of the Ikawa Forest, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba: Gymnospermae and Angiospermae. Bull. Tsukuba Univ. Forests :. Seino, T., Hirata, A., Bessho, N., Hayashi, Y., Koseki, R., Endho, T., Takinami, A., Ueji, Y. and Nakamura, T. ()Anewora list of the Ikawa Forest, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba: Ferns and fern allies. Bull. Tsukuba Univ. Forests :. pp. :. :. :.

19 :. Verner, J.. Assessment of counting techniques. Pp. in Johnston, R.F. (ed.) Current Ornithology. Vol.. Plenum Press, New York. Wilson, R.R, Twedt, D.J. and Elliott, A.B.. Comparison of line transects and point counts for monitoring spring migration in forested wetlands. J. Field Ornithol. :. pp. Line transect surveys were conducted for three years along five routes in the Ikawa University Forest, Shizuoka City, Japan, and two routes in neighboring forests in order to describe the wintering and breeding avifauna in the forested area. Numbers of records that were visually confirmed declined sharply with the distance from the survey route, whereas those that were conrmed only by sound tended to be more in the middle ranges of distance than in the closest range. I restricted the distance ranges of birds to m during the wintering season and m during the breeding season for further analyses, resulting in the data set consisting of birds of species in winter and birds of species in summer. The most predominant taxonomic group was six species of Paridae and closelyrelated families, which occupied %and % of total individuals in winter and summer, respectively. No clear relationships with forest composition along the survey routes were found in either the total numbers of individuals or those of species, implying that several forest types along each route obscured the relationships between forest types and avifauna. Supplemental adlib records added more species to the species found by the line transects. Fifteen species of the were relatively rare or transit species and the remaining species were mostly nonforest species, which could contribute to higher biodiversity at the landscape scale.

20 Appendix. Numbers of birds recorded by linetransect surveys in each route during the wintering and breeding seasons (summed for years). Migra Wintering Season Breeding Season Japanese Name Scientic Name Total tion RF W TS HM E IT MJ RF W TS HM E IT MJ Accipiter gentilis RB Buteo buteo RB Syrmaticus soemmerringii RB Sphenurus sieboldii RB Cuculus fugax MB Cuculus canorus MB Cuculus saturatus MB Cuculus poliocephalus MB Picus awokera RB Dendrocopos major RB Dendrocopos leucotos RB sp. Dendrocopes sp. (RB) Dendrocopos kizuki RB Motacilla cinerea RB Hypsipetes amaurotis RB Cinclus pallasii RB Troglodytes troglodytes RB

21 Appendix (continued) Migra Wintering Season Breeding Season Japanese Name Scientic Name Total tion RF W TS HM E IT MJ RF W TS HM E IT MJ Erithacus akahige MB Luscinia cyane MB Tarsiger cyanurus RB Zoothera dauma RB Turdus chrysolaus MB Turdus naumanni WV Cettia diphone RB Phylloscopus borealis MB Phylloscopus borealoides MB Phylloscopus coronatus MB Regulus regulus RB Ficedula narcissina MB Cyanoptila cyanomelana MB Aegithalos caudatus RB Parus montanus RB Parus ater RB Parus varius RB Parus major RB sp. Parus sp. (RB)

22 Migra Wintering Season Breeding Season Japanese Name Scientic Name Total tion RF W TS HM E IT MJ RF W TS HM E IT MJ Sitta europaea RB Certhia familiaris RB Zosterops japonicus RB Emberiza cioides RB Fringilla montifringilla WV Pyrrhula pyrrhula RB Eophona personata RB Garrulus glandarius RB Bambusicola thoracica RB Leiothrix lutea RB Total no. of individuals, Total no. of species Migration: RB = resident breeders, MB = migrant breeders, WV = winter visitors (in central Japan; Ornithological Society of Japan ). A horizontal line is drawn between non-passerine and passerine birds.

23 LTAD Japanese Name Scientic Name Migra tion University Forest Neighboring Forests Residential Areas Winter Summer Sp. Winter Summer Sp. Wint Sum Sp. LT AD LT AD Au. LT AD LT AD Au. er mer Au. Total Phalacrocorax carbo RB Butorides striatus RB Milvus migrans RB Accipiter gentilis RB Accipiter gularis RB Accipiter nisus RB Buteo buteo RB Spizaetus nipalensis RB Syrmaticus soemmerringii RB Phasianus colchicus RB Vanellus cinereus RB Streptopelia orientalis RB Sphenurus sieboldii RB Cuculus fugax MB Cuculus canorus MB

24 Appendix (continued) Japanese Name Scientic Name Migra tion University Forest Neighboring Forests Residential Areas Winter Summer Sp. Winter Summer Sp. Wint Sum Sp. LT AD LT AD Au. LT AD LT AD Au. er mer Au. Total Cuculus saturatus MB Cuculus poliocephalus MB Strix uralensis RB Ceryle lugubris RB Halcyon coromanda MB Picus awokera RB Dendrocopos major RB Dendrocopos leucotos RB Dendrocopos kizuki RB Hirundo rustica MB Delichon urbicum MB Motacilla cinerea RB Motacilla grandis RB Anthus hodgsoni RB Pericrocotus divaricatus MB Hypsipetes amaurotis RB Lanius bucephalus RB

25 Appendix (continued) Japanese Name Scientic Name Migra tion University Forest Neighboring Forests Residential Areas Winter Summer Sp. Winter Summer Sp. Wint Sum Sp. LT AD LT AD Au. LT AD LT AD Au. er mer Au. Total Cinclus pallasii RB Troglodytes troglodytes RB Prunella rubida RB Erithacus akahige MB Luscinia cyane MB Tarsiger cyanurus RB Phoenicurus auroreus WV Saxicola torquatus MB Zoothera dauma RB Turdus sibiricus MB Turdus cardis MB Turdus chrysolaus RB Turdus naumanni WV Urosphena squameiceps MB Cettia diphone RB Phylloscopus borealis MB Phylloscopus borealoides MB

26 Appendix (continued) Japanese Name Scientic Name Migra tion University Forest Neighboring Forests Residential Areas Winter Summer Sp. Winter Summer Sp. Wint Sum Sp. LT AD LT AD Au. LT AD LT AD Au. er mer Au. Total Phylloscopus coronatus MB Regulus regulus RB Ficedula narcissina MB Cyanoptila cyanomelana MB Muscicapa sibirica MB Muscicapa dauurica MB Aegithalos caudatus RB Parus montanus RB Parus ater RB Parus varius RB Parus major RB Sitta europaea RB Certhia familiaris RB Zosterops japonicus RB Emberiza cioides RB Emberiza rustica WV Emberiza elegans WV

27 Appendix (continued) Japanese Name Scientic Name Migra tion University Forest Neighboring Forests Residential Areas Winter Summer Sp. Winter Summer Sp. Wint Sum Sp. LT AD LT AD Au. LT AD LT AD Au. er mer Au. Total Fringilla montifringilla WV Uragus sibiricus WV Pyrrhula pyrrhula RB Eophona personata RB Passer montanus RB Sturnus cineraceus RB Garrulus glandarius RB Nucifraga caryocatactes RB Corvus corone RB Corvus macrorhynchos RB Bambusicola thoracica RB Leiothrix lutea RB Total no. of records, Total no. of species Migration: RB = resident breeders, MB = migrant breeders, WV = winter visitors (in central Japan; Ornithological Society of Japan ). A horizontal line is drawn between nonpasserine and passerine birds. Only adlib records are available for springautumn seasons and in the residential areas. Twelve records of Dendrocopos sp. and records of Parus sp. were excluded from this table.

中宮展示館周辺で観察された鳥類の記録

中宮展示館周辺で観察された鳥類の記録 The records of the birds observed around the Chugu Exhibition Hall. Shin-ichi Hiramatsu, Hakusan Nature Conservation Center, Ishikawa Hiroshi Minamide, Hakusan Nature Conservation Center,