I : History of Stainless Steel and Its Production
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1 (Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan), Vol. 60, No. 7, pp , July 2011 Fundamentals for Better Use of Stainless Steels Development History, Characteristics and Resistance to Corrosion History of Stainless Steel and Its Production by Koichiro OSOZAWA Key words : Stainless steel, History, Production,Development 1 ISO/TS15510 C 1.2% Cr 10.5% ) 5) 2 1 Cr L. N. Vauquilin Received Nov. 15, The Society of Materials Science, Japan Tokyo Office, Nickel Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo,
2 khroma chrôme Cr 1820 M. Berthier 1821 Cr Cr Berthier J. Stodart M. Faraday 1920 Cr Bertier Faraday %Cr 3%Cr Cr Cr Cr Mn R. A. Hadfield Fe %Cr 1892 Cr C Cr 1/10 C %Cr Ni 50% Cr 1885 Cr C H. Goldschmidt C Fe-Cr C F. M. Becket C 20 C Cr Cr-Ni M. I. Guillet Cr Cr Cr-Ni Cr Guillet Cr A. M. Portvin Cr 1911 P. Monnartz Cr Monnartz W. Borchers Fe-Cr Cr Cr 4% Cr Cr 20% Cr Monnartz Fried. Krupp B. Strauss E. Maurer Ni-Cr Fe-Cr-Ni 3) %C-14%Cr-2%Ni SUS431 Fried.Krupp V1M %C-20%Cr-7%Ni SUS304 V2A 1914 Malmö Ni 2 V1M V2A V2A Fried.Krupp
3 682 Thomas Firth and Sons John Brown and Co. Brown Firth Research Laboratories H. Brearley Cr Cr 10% C 0.3% C Thomas Firth and Sons Cr 5) 0.24%C-0.24%Si-0.44%Mn-12.86%Cr Brearley 1916 Cr 9 16% C 0.7% 1), 5) Brearley Cr SUS420 1 General Electric C. Dantsien 1911 Fe-Cr C 20Cr Dumet 20Cr ) %C 14 16%Cr Brearley Cr C SUS430 H. Haynes 1915 C 0.1 1% Cr 8 60% 15 25% Fe- Cr 1) 2 3 Fried. Krupp V2A Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik Fried.Krupp Cu Mo C 0.07% Ti Nb Cr-20Ni Mo Cu Cr-30Ni Mo Cu 20 20Cr-40Ni-Mo-Cu (NCF825) Fried. Krupp V2A 20Cr-7Ni 18Cr-8Ni Cr-8Ni 6) 1926 ICI 18Cr-8Ni Cr-12Ni 6) Avesta Cr-5Ni 453E 26Cr-5Ni-1Mo 453S 7) C 0.1% 453S 1933 J.Holtzer Mo Cr 20Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo 2 8) Mo 2 AISI U. S. Steel Stainless W (17Cr-7Ni-Ti-Al) 9) 1948 Armco Steel 17-4PH (17Cr-4Ni-4Cu) PH (17Cr-7Ni-1Al) 4) ) 3 Fried.Krupp 3
4 Cr ) Cr C 5%C 0.3%C 1919 Brearley 13Cr (0.23C-0.24Si-0.31Mn-11.95Cr) Cr Cr-8Ni 11) Cr 12) Cr 11) 13Cr Cr-8Ni 18Cr-8Ni Cr-8Ni mm 1m 13) 1932 C 14) ,781 15) Cr-8Ni (%) % 22% 8% 4% 1.5% 1% Ni 2 Cr Ni 60% Cr 40% C C0.030% (VOD) (AOD) 1969 C C VOD N C N AOD N N 1991 AOD VOD AOD-VCR H
5 12220(p ) :34 ページ 遅 図1 図2 沢 浩 一 郎 世界主要国のステンレス粗鋼生産量推移 文献 を参照して作成 国内ステンレス熱間圧延鋼材形状別生産量推移 旧通商産業省および経済産業省の総計資料から作成 能になり コスト低減ばかりでなく 表面品質および寸 法精度の向上が図られた そのため厨房製品 建材その 他の耐久消費財へのステンレス鋼の適用が一層進んだ 3 3 鋼種の発展 第 2 次大戦後は 1951 年にステンレス鋼の JIS が制定さ れ マルテンサイト系 C 含有量の異なる 13Cr 3 種 フェライト系 (18Cr) 1 種 オーステナイト系 12 種が登
6 Cr-8Ni Ti Mo Mo-Cu 3 C C 0.060% (AISI) JIS 3 VOD AOD (1) 1950 Mo 2% (316, 316L) 3% (317, 317L) 5%Mo SUS317J1 Fried. Krupp V16A Carpenter Steel PH 17-7PH (2) 1960 SCC SCC Ni 3Si + Cu SUS XM15J Cr-4.7Ni-2.7Mo-1.7Si (Sandvik3RE60) 20Cr-5Ni C N 26Cr-1Mo 1969 Mo Cr-5Ni-1.5Mo-0.15N Cu JIS Cu 17Cr-7Ni-2Cu 18Cr-9Ni-3.5Cu N 0.1% N JIS (3) Mo Cr N 1971 Cr N 21Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-0.2N 25Cr-13Ni-0.8Mo-0.3N 1991 JIS C N-30Cr-2Mo 1977 SS-VOD C N-26Cr-1Mo C N-30Cr-2Mo 1960 VOD AOD Cr C N C N SUS430 Mo SUS434 SCC 18Cr-2Mo 3 JIS
7 686 5 (430LX 436L J1 XM27) 1981 JIS (4) Mo 1980 Mo 19Cr-8Ni-0.4Mo-0.13N 19Cr-10Ni-1Mo-0.1N 18Cr-10Ni- 1Mo-2Cu 17Cr-7Ni-1Mo-2Cu-N Mo Cu 18Cr-0.5Cu-Nb 1991 SUS430J1L JIS SUS304 20Cr-25Ni-6Mo Cr-18Ni- 6Mo-0.7Cu-0.2N (Avesta254SMO) 1976 Mo SMO Cr- Ni 1991 SUS3174L SUS836L JIS SUS329J1 Mo N 25Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.2N 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N 1984 JIS (5) 1990 Cr 22% 1 2% Mo 1998 SUS445J1 SUS445J2 JIS Cu-Si Mo SCC 2005 SUS315J1 SUS315J2 JIS 2 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-0.3Mo Cr- 7Ni-3.5Mo-0.75Cu-0.75W-0.25N (Zeron100) 25Cr-7Ni-3 Mo-1 Cu-2W-0.3N (DP3W) 2 2 Ni Mo 21Cr-1.5Mo-5Mn-0.3Mo-0.3Cu- 0.22N 23Cr-4Ni-0.3Mo-0.1N SUS Cr-3.3Ni-1.8Mo-0.16N, 13Cr 2 CO 2 13Cr C Mo Ni 1 ) J. H. G. Monypenny, Stainless iron and steel, (1931) Chapman & Hall. 2 ) E. E. Thum, The book of stainless steels, (1935) ASM. 3 ) Von H. Krainer, 50 Jahre nichitrostender Stahl, Stahl und Eisen, Vol.82, p.1527 (1962). 4 ) T. Suzuki, Invention of stainless steel, (2000) Agne Technical Center. 5 ) Stainless steel the inventor, Harry Brearley and his invention, Materials Performance, Vol.26, p.64 (1990). 6 ) Fifty years of stainless steel, Metallurgia, p.106 (September, (1963). 7 ) M.Liljas, 80 years with duplex steels, a historic review and prospects for ther future, Proceedings of European Stainless Steel Conference Science and Market, p.538 (2008). 8 ) J. Charles, The duplex stainless steels : materials to meet your needs, Duplex stainless steels, Vol.1, (Editors : J. Charles & S. Bernhardsson), p.3 (1991). 9 ) Metals Handbook (9 th edition), Vol.3, p.3 (1980), ASM. 10) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (3), Stainless, Vol.8, No.9, p.42 (1964). 11) H. Yamamoto, Production of stainless steel at melting department of kure navy works, Stainless, Vol.8, No.9, p.27 (1964) and No.10, p.31 (1964). 12) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (12), Stainless, Vol.9, No.9, p.38 (1965). 13) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (9), Stainless, Vol.9, No.4, p.26 (1965). 14) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (4), Stainless, Vol.8, No.10, p.50 (1964). 15) Round table discussion ten years before and after the war, Stainless, Vol.11, No.2, p.4 (1967). 16) Inco Europe, Stainless steel statistics, (1950~1972). 17) Inco Europe, Inco, Vale Inco, World stainless steel statistics, (1973~2008). 18) Japan Stainless Steel Association, Supply and demand data for stainless steel in 2009, (2010), Japan Stainless Steel Association.
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