地中レーダによる地下計測
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1 sato@cneas.tohoku.ac.jp Tel&Fax: (Ground Penetrating radar: GPR) ( ) MHz ε r c 3 v = = 10 8 ( m/ s) (1) ε ε r r 1 f (Hz) λ (m) ε r λ = vt = v f ( m) (2)
2 τ (s) d(m) v d = τ m 2 ( ) (3) 2.1 Γ Γ Γ= ε 1 ε + ε ε (4) (2.4) 1 Γ 1 Γ= 1 (5) 2
3 (4) (@100MHz) Daniels, 1996 (S/m)
4 3 3.1 PF: Performance Factor 14 1m 50MHz-1GHz Controlling Unit Data Display and Acquisition Receiver Pulse generator Transmitter Sampling Circuit Receiver 4 3 4
5 5 9 ns (10 ) 6 Amplitud Amplitude ( ) Time Frequency (a) (b) 6 8 A 8 B B 8 5
6 7 A B (B ) (A ) (Mala geoscience)
7 3.3 ( ) CMP (NMO ) S/N (CMP) (1) (2) CMP (3)TDR (4) TDRTime Domain Reflect meter 2 (1)(3) 7
8 (a) 13(b) 14 75cm 2.75m m (a) (b)
9 4.2 B SEG-Y CMP - (f-k) (AGC Automatic Gain ControlSTC: Sensitivity Time Control)) CMP 9
10 13 f-k d x 0 v x τ ( ) 2 2 x x + d 0 = (6) (6) d x 0 v x0 d v f-k 2v AGC
11 AGC STC AGC STC (Conyers and Goodman, 1997) 5.2 FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain: FDTD: FD-TD Maxwell FD-TD 11
12 19 FDTD 20 FDTD (a) FDTD (b) 19 FDTD 20 FDTD Software Catalogue 2000, Reflexw 12
13 6 1. D.J.Daniels, Surface-Penetrating Radar, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, UK, L.Conyers, D.Goodman, Ground-Penetrating Radar An Introduction for Arcaheology, Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, CA, USA, FDTD ,, ( ), AP99-100SANE99-55, September, 1999, ,, ( ), SANE99-83, October, 1999, H. Zhou and M. Sato, Estimation of Subsurface Fracture Extension by Using Crosshole Radar Measurement, ( ), SANE99-73, October, 1999, ,, ( ), SANE99-79, October, 1999, M. Sato, Polarimetric Borehole Radar Approach to Subsurface Fracture Classification, Proc. Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics, Salt Lake City, October 26-29, 1999, H. Zhou and M. Sato, Fracture Detection Using Crosshole Borehole Radar in Kamaishi, Expanded Abstract of SEG 69th Annual Meeting, Houston, USA, October31-November 5, 1999, M.Sato and M.Takeshita, Polarimetric Borehole Radar Approach to Subsurface Fracture Classification, Proceedings of the 8th Int. Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Gold Coast, Australia, May, 2000, 8. S.Ebihara, A.Yamamoto, Y.Nakashima, H.Zhou and M.Sato, GPR application to estimation of vertical profiles of permafrost in Mongolia and Siberia, Proceedings of the 8th Int. Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Gold Coast, Australia, May, 2000, 9. H. Zhou and M. sato, Application of Vertical Radar Profiling Technique to Sendai Castle, Geophysics, vol.65, no.2, , March-April H. Zhou and M. sato, Archaeological Investigation in Sendai Castle using Ground-Penetrating Radar, Archaeological Prospection, 8, 1-11, March
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