CWContinuous Wave CW XCT(Computed Tomography) MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging)PET(Positron Emission Tomography) XCT 2
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1 RadarRadio Detection and Ranging
2 CWContinuous Wave CW XCT(Computed Tomography) MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging)PET(Positron Emission Tomography) XCT 2
3 3 XCTMRI XCTMRI XCT / ) A B B Amplitude Mode A 1-1,1-2,1-3 A khz MHz A A A 20cm 15 30/s / s
4 4 2) B B (Brightness Mode) A CRTCathode Ray Tube -5, ,1-8 B B A B A 1.1A B A B M A B M 1.1
5 A B 5
6 6 B RF RF AM CRT B 4060 B 5070B CRT 30B 4070B RF 30B
7 1.3 STC(Sensitive Time Control) TGC(Time Gain Control) TGC 1.4TGC 3) 1-12, f 0 v α f c v cos α f= f (1.1) 0 c + v cos α f d f d (1.2) f d = f (1.2) f 0 7
8 v << f d 2v α f (1.3) d = f 0 c 1.3 (PW) 1.7 PW 0 f 0 +f d 0 f 0 +f d / (PW) High-PRF (CW) 8
9 PW) CW) 1.7 PW,CW PW PW 1.9(b) f d ( 2 f f d ) LPF1 f d (1.9 (f)) (HPF) ,1-16 (Color Flow Mapping) f 0 9
10 (Color Doppler) Ultrasound Power Amp. RF Oscillator Pulse Generator /2 Phase Shifter Transducer Doppler Phantom (or Blood vessel) + Mixer Pre- Amp Phase Shifter W1 W2 W3 S/H LPF Low Pass Filter HPFHigh Pass Filter SH Sample Hold + LPF1 S/H HPF LPF2 &
11 4) SNR SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) SNR 1-17,1-18,1-19, sinc
12 sin( π ft ) f ( t) = T f (1.4) π ft (1.4) T f 1/ f 1.10 DSP(Digital Signal Proce-ssor) 1.10 Transmitting Signal time Receiving Signal time Frequency T time Delay time T 0 Frequency Frequency change in transmitting signal Delay time dependence on frequency
13 FM FM PSKPhase Shift Keying M PN (Pseudo Random Noise) (Golay Code) 1.11 PSK 1 PN M 13
14 1.1.4 Continuous Wave CW 1-21,1-22 CW CW PW CW PW CW CW Stearable CW Doppler(STCW) 1-23 STCW CW 1.12 Power Amp. Master Oscillator ( ) + LPF Low Pass Filter HPFHigh Pass Filter Transducer Pre- Amp /2 Phase Shifter Mixer + LPF1 HPF & = + FFT Analyzer LPF CW - 14
15 15 CW SNR B CW CW 1.2 FET V
16 1-1 p ME p p.436p p ME p p p ME p p p p ME p p p D vol.j70-d, no.7,pp , July C.Kasai, K.Namekawa, A.Koyano and R.Omoto, Real-Time Two-Dimentional Blood Flow Imaging Using an Autocorrelation Technique, pp , IEEE trans., vol.su-32,no.3, p C.E.Cook and M.Bernfeld, Radar Signals, p.130,academic Press, p
17 1-20D.R.Wehner, High-resolution Radar, p152, Artech House, p ME p p.129p
18 18 FM-CW 2.1 CW CW SNR CW FM-CW CW FM-CW FM-CW FM-CW CW CW 2.1CW 2-1,2-2 FFTFast Fourier Transformer FFT SNR CW
19 Power Amp. CW Osc. Local Osc. Pre- Amp + (f o + f L ) IF Amp. (f L + f L ) BPF1 BPF2 BPF3 BPF4 BPF5 DET DET DET DET DET Display BPFn DET 2.1CW FM-CW CW FM-CW 2-3,2-4,2-5 FM-CW FM 2.2 FM-CW FM Transmitter FM modulator Mixer Amp Frequency measurement 2.2FM-CW 19
20 ,2-7, 2-8, FM-CW FM-CW (A) (C) (B) (D) T Tx Rx - 2.4FM-CW
21 v (2.1) T ( t ) = 2π ( f + µ t ) t 2 f B µ = T B T R 1 2v 2v v R ( t) = cos 2π ( f + µ ( t τ t)( t τ t) (2.2) 2 c c 2R τ = c FM-CW 2B 2 v (2.3) Du ( t) = cos 2π ( R v) t ct λ I Q 2B 2 v Du ( t) = exp j (2.4) 2π ( R v) t ct λ 2B 2 v Dd ( t) = exp j 2π ( R v) t ct λ (2.5) 2B 2 f up = R v ct λ (2.6) 21
22 2B 2 f down = R v ct λ (2.7) ct R = ( f (2.8) up fdown ) 4 B λ v = ( fup + fdown ) 4 (2.9) FM-CW 2 FM FM-CW CW FM- CW 2-14,2-15, FM-CW FM-CW FFT FFT (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) FM-CW 22
23 2.1 (mm) (m) ) FM-CW 2-17, ,2-20,2-21,2-22,2-23,2-24, 2-25 FM-CW 2-20 B 2 s T ( t) = cos 2π ( t + f + (2.10) 0t) φ 0 2T 2.4 B 2 (2.11) s R ( t) = cos 2π ( t τ ) + f 0 ( t τ ) + φ0 2T 2 1 Bτ Bτ 1 Bτ sd ( t) = st ( t) s R ( t) cos 2π ( t + f 0τ ) cos 2π ( t + f 0τ ) (2.12) 2 T 2T 2 T fb φ B 2BR (2.13) f b = τ = T Tc (2.14) φ = 2πf 0 τ = 4πR / λ f b 23
24 2.3 FM-CW FM-CW FM-CW FM-CW FM-CW MHz FM-CW 10 / 1530/ 10 FM-CW 10 30cm FM-CW D 6 FM-CW 7 FM-CW 24
25 B FM-CW FM-CW FM-CW FET FM-CW 25
26 26 FM-CW FM-CW TGC(Time Gain Control) FFT FM-CW FM-CW B PW CW SNR CW
27 Frequency Power Spectrum Clutter Doppler Signal Frequency 2.5FM-CW FM-CW
28 FM-CW FFT Amplitude ( Transmit Signal f 0 +f Frequency Change f 0 f f Frequency Difference between Tx and Rx Transmit Signal Receive Signal time time time - f FM-CW
29 T m / FM-CW 2.5 Amplitude ( Transmit Signal f 0 +f Frequency Change f 0 f f Frequency Difference between Tx and Rx Transmit Signal Receive Signal time time time - f
30 2.3.5 FM-CW FMCW FM-CW CW FM-CW FM-CW f m FM-CW f m f m CW 20dB PW SNR CW FM-CW CW FM-CW FM- 30
31 CW FM-CW SNR PW CW 2-1 p p M.I.Skolnik,Introduction to Radar Signals,p , McGraw-Hill, Igor VKomarov and Sergey MSmolskeyFundamentals of Short-range FM Radarp.3-10Artech HouseINC p Avol.J81-A, no.4, pp , B vol.j84-b, no.10, pp , pp.63-67, SANE , pp.31-36, SANE , pp.31-36, SANE , B- vol.j81-b-, no., pp , p.21, C.E.Cook and M.Bernfeld, Radar Signals, p.12,p.35,p.130,academic Press, vol79 No10 pp oct vol 80 No 9 pp sept
32 2-16 vol 87 No9pp Sept p.31-36, SANE99-100, FM-CW p.73-77, SANE , Barker p.79-84, SANE , p.1-8, SANE92-78, FM-CW p , SANE , p , Bvol.J83-B, no.1, p.9-14, SANE92-79, S/N p , B vol.j82-b, no.1, FM-CW p , SANE ,
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