A Study of Cognition in the Language of Instruction for Science and Mathematics Education in the Philippines Based on Learning How to Prove Two Triang

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "A Study of Cognition in the Language of Instruction for Science and Mathematics Education in the Philippines Based on Learning How to Prove Two Triang"

ひでかかつもと
5 years ago
Views:

1 A Study of Cognition in the Language of Instruction for Science and Mathematics Education in the Philippines Based on Learning How to Prove Two Triangles Congruent Yumiko YANAGIHARA Since the implementation of a bilingual education policy in the Philippines in 1974, public elementary and intermediate education has been provided in English for such courses as mathematics, science, and English. For liberal arts classes, such as Filipino, social studies, civics, and physical education, Filipino is used. Scholastic achievement rates for mathematics, science, and English taught in English are low. The cause of this is thought to be a problem with the language of instruction. Berry 1985 considered the problem in two aspects, type A and type B. Type A problems are caused by the student s lack of fluency in the language of instruction. Type B problems result from the distance between the cognitive structures natural to the student and implicit in his mother tongue and culture Associate Professor of English, Faculty of International Studies, Keiai University; educational technology. 133

2 and those assumed by the teacher or the designer of the curriculum or teaching strategies. This study focuses on Berry s type B problems. Using a test of demonstrating congruent triangles, the differences in the degree of understanding between students in the Philippines whose language of instruction is not the mother tongue and in Japan whose language of instruction is the mother tongue are verified from the point of view of conceptual schema and procedural schema.. Elementary School High School 134

3 . B Berry A B A B A B 135

4 A B B Berry Berry B Berry A B. 136 B

5 B. One plus one equals two Two times three equals six Two thirds 137

6 two over three two thirds fifteen fifty Nusu Straight ikatlo isa at isa ay dalawa dalawa pinarami ng tatlo ay anim dalawang ikatlo Ben is a doctor. Doktor si Ben. si be pencils aug mga lapis aug lapis mga kami tayo 138

7 . B Berry B 139

8 given. Berry B 140

9 A given B C given AP DP given BAP CDP APB DPC BAP CDP A given B C 141

10 .. Berry A min min

11 . A B C A A B C A given B C 143

12 a b c d e f a BAC EDC b AC DC c ACB DCE d e ACB DCE f BC CE 144

13 a b d a given b VY WX d a b c d a HG HI b FHI JHG c HF HJ d 145

14 a b c d a ABD CDB b BD DB c CBD ADB d given.. B.. C

15 .. a b c d e f. A B C A given.. 147

16 B A C A B B A C.. BC CE ACB DCE 148

17 c ACB DCE d f BC CE c d ACB DCE C BE f BC CE. BC CE ACB DCE HF HJ G HF HG GF I HJ HI IJ FG GH HI IJ HF HJ G HF I HJ HG HI HF HJ G HF I HJ c HF HJ HG GF HI IJ HG HI FHI JHG b 149

18 CBD ADB c ABD CDB ABD CDB ABD CDB ABC CDA CBD ADB ABC CDA CBD ADB d d a b c statements 150

19 reasonssia, Lucy O. et al., 1999: p. 370 BAC DCE AB CD BAC DCE d 151

20 Berry B JICA Ms. Josefina Samson CEO 152

21 1 Fact Sheet Basic Education Statistics Master Plan for Basic Education Modernizing Philippine Education Yanagihara Fact Sheet Basic Education Statistics SY M S given statements reasons 153

22 Aspillera, Paraluman S. 1981, Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and Non-Tagalogs, Manila, Philippines, M & L Licudine Enterprises. Berry, J. W. 1985, Learning Mathematics in a Second Language: Some Cross- Cultural Issues, For the Leaning of Mathematics, Vol. 5, No. 2. Department of Education, Culture and Sports, Manila, Philippines. Master Plan for Basic Education , Modernizing Philippine Education, p. 5. Department of Education of the Philippines, Fact Sheet Basic Education Statistics. Aug31. pdf 25 September 2007 access. Dolciani, Mary P. et al. 1990, Mathematics An Integrated Approach 2, Quezon City, Philippines, Abiva Publishing House, Inc. Sia, Lucy O. et al. 1999, 21st Century Mathematics: Second Year, Quezon City, Philippines, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Yanagihara, Yumiko 2007, A Study of Bilingual Education in the Philippines Difference in Pupils Degree of Understanding Between Learning Mathematics in Cebuano and English, The Keiai Journal of International Studies, No. 19, July pp M & S N 154

23 1 1 Name:, Age:, Sex: M or F 1. Problem: Is triangle PQR congruent to triangle STV by SAS (Side-Angle-Side)? Fill in the blanks. Statements 1. RQ VT PQR STV PQR STV Reasons 1. given 2. given 3. given 4. congruence R 5 Q P V 5 T S Problem: Show that triangle QYN is congruent to triangle QYP. Fill in the blanks. Statements 1. NY PY YQ YQ 4. QYN QYP Reasons 1. given 2. given 3. given 4. congruence Y N P Q 3. Problem: Show that triangle BAP is congruent to triangle CDP. Explain. B Statements Reasons A 5 P 5 D C 4. Problem: Show that triangle CAB is congruent to triangle ZXY. Explain. C Statements Reasons A 10cm B X 5. Problem: Prove segment BC is congruent to Segment CE. Explain. Statements Reasons Z cm Y D B C E A 155

24 6. Given: XV YW, VY WX Prove: XVY YWX Fill in the blanks. Z Statements Reasons V W 1. XV YW given U 3. XY XY 3. reflexive property common sides X Y 4. XVY YWX 4. congruence 7. Given: C bisects AE, AB CD, AB CD Prove: ABC CDE Fill in the blanks. D B E C A Statements 1. C bisects AE 2. AB CD 3. AB DC 4. ABC CDE Reasons 1. given 2. given Definition of transversal 3. given 4. congruence 8. Given: GH HI, G bisects FH, I bisects HJ Prove: FHI JHG Explain. H Statements Reasons G I F J 9. Given: OP OR, OQ OS Prove: POQ ROS Explain P R Statements Reasons O Q S 10. Given: ABD CDB, ABC CDA 90 Prove: ABD CDB Explain. B C Statements Reasons A D 156

25 157 PQR STV RQ VT 5 PQR STV 100 PQR STV QYN QYP NY PY YQ YQ QYN QYP BAP CDP CAB ZXY BC CE 5 R P N B C D Q D B P A A B A 5 C E C Y Q P V T S Z Y X cm 10cm

26 XV YW, VY WX XVY YWX Z V W X C AE AB CD, AB CD ABC CDE D B U E C AE AB CD XV YW XY XY XVY YWX AB DC ABC CDE G FH, I HJ GH HI, FHI JHG H C Y A G I F J OP OR, OQ OS POQ ROS P R O Q S ABD CDB, ABC CDA 90 ABD CDB B C A D 158

Œö„´

Œö„´ A Study of the Language of Instruction for Science and Mathematics Education in the Philippines Based on an Analysis of Incumbent Teachers Feelings About the Language of Instruction Yumiko YANAGIHARA Since