特集号「日本列島形成史と次世代パラダイム（Part I）」― 巻頭言―／輸出科学の時代―日本列島の地体構造区分・造山運動研究史―

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1 Journal of Geography At the Stage of Exporting Science : A Historical Review of Studies on the Geotectonic Subdivision and Orogeny of the Japanese Islands Yukio ISOZAKI, Shigenori MARUYAMA and Shuichi YANAI Abstract A new historical review is presented on the progress of the geological sciences in Japan since the Meiji revolution in Geological knowledge, particularly studies of the geotectonic evolution and orogenic aspects, of the Japanese Islands has progressed through three distinct phases; 1 non-science stage, 2 colonial science stage, and 3 independent science stage, as modeled by Basalla 1967, who demonstrated a general pattern of transplanting cutting-edge scientific /technological knowledge from western Europe to the rest of the world. During the non-science stage from the 1860s to the 1890s, major geological aspects of the Japanese Islands, together with discoveries of unusual rocks, fossils etc., were initially described by foreign geologists e.g. E. Naumann. In contrast, almost nothing was contributed by domestic geologists. During the colonial science stage, from the 1900s to the 1980s, research and education systems were transplanted effectively from western European countries. For example, applying the purely imported concept of geosyncline, the geotectonic history of the Japanese Islands was summarized for the first time by domestic geologists e.g., Kobayashi, 1941; Minato et al., 1965 etc.. The almost unidirectional acceptance of plate tectonics also followed at this stage, with the exception of the rare but outstanding contribution of A. Miyashiro during the 1960s 1970s. During the independent science stage from the 1980s, various new ideas and original techniques in geology were proposed by Japanese geologists with lesser help from the western countries than before; i.e., practical criteria for identifying ancient accretionary complex, exhumation tectonic of ultrahigh to high-p / T metamorphic rocks, and subhorizontal growth framework of subduction-related orogens. Furthermore, in the first decade of the 21 st century, the geological science in Japan entered stage of 4, exporting science with the introduction of new paradigms, such as the application of detrital zircon chronology to subduction-related orogens, which efficiently recognizes new geotectonic subdivisions and allows paleogeographical reconstruction with much higher resolution than before. These new paradigms ideas, techniques from Japan are now on sale for applying to the rest of the world. Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Geocommunications Co. Ltd.

2 Key words geology, geotectonic subdivision, orogeny, Japan, paradigm I 70, 2005, 1992, 1993a, b, c, 1966, 1993;, 1992a, b, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2008, ; 2009b Isozaki et al., 2010 Basalla II 3 18

3 1 3 Basalla, E Fig. 1 A general pattern and 3 distinct stages of transplanting science /technology from Western Europe to the rest of the world modified from Basalla, Modern geological knowledge, particularly studies of the geotectonic evolution and orogenic aspects, of the Japanese Islands has progressed through three distinct stages; 1 non-science stage the 1860s 1890s, 2 colonial science stage the 1900s 1970s, and 3 independent science stage the 1980s. During the 2000s, geosciences in Japan entered the 4 exporting science from Japan stage that was not described by Basalla / G. Basalla non-science2 colonial science3independent science

4 4 3 1 non-science 2 colonial science 3independent science 3 III Edmund Naumann; /4 1 km belt

5 4 5 Hans Stille / IV

6 Kobayashi, , 1955, 1972; Minato et al., Oreskes, 2001 Dewey and Bird 1970 Deweygram Dewey and Bird 1970, 1972;, 1972, 1976, ,,

7 Saito and Hashimoto, 1982, 1976, 1988; Ichikawa et al., 1990 Sengor and Dewey 1991 a new hat on an old head, 2000 Taira et al., 1983, 2005;, 2010 V , 2009a Miyashiro, 1961, 1973a Miyashiro, 1973b / duplex ocean plate stratigraphy Isozaki et al., 1990; Matsuda and Isozaki, 1991 Seely et al Chipping

8 , Ma Maruyama and Seno, 1986 Maruyama, Sedlock and Isozaki, 1990; Isozaki and Blake, 1994; Kimura et al., 1996 Leggett et al Toriumi, 1981 Isozaki and Itaya, 1990, 1991 K-Ar, 1989;, 1990;, 1990;,

9 , 1991;, 1991, 2005;, Dewey and Bird 1970 VI Miyashiro 1961, 1973a 1980 Seno and Maruyama, 1984; Maruyama and Seno, 1986 Isozaki et al., 1990; Matsuda and Isozaki, 1991 Maruyama, km Maruyama,

10 21 2 Aoki et al., 2009; Tsutsumi et al., 2009;, 2010;, 2010 Isozaki et al., 2010;, 2010, von Huene and Scholle Thomson Reuter Web of Science

11 1 30 Thomson Reuter, 2010 Table 1 Standing of top-30 countries in terms of total citation numbers of geo-science articles in international journals modified from Thomson Reuter, citation ranking nation population: million total paper no. total citations times / / citation per article citation per 1k capita population-normalized ranking 1 USA UK Germany France Canada Australia Japan China Italy Switzerland Netherland Russia Spain Sweden Norway Danemark India NewZealand Belgium Brasil Finland Austria Taiwan SouthAfrica Israel Greece SouthKorea Turkey Mexico Argentina The higher positions are occupied mostly by the countries in Western Europe and North America where the basics of modern-day sciences were built. Among Asian countries, Japan is ranked at no. 7, China at no. 8, India at no. 17, Taiwan at no. 23, South Korea at no. 24, and Turkey at no. 28, respectively. From Middle-South America, Brasil, Mexico, and Argentina are ranked at no. 20, 29, and 30, respectively. With respect to the population of each country, the standing of citation frequency is modified as shown in the right-end column; Japan at no. 20, Taiwan at no. 21, South Korea at no. 24, and Turkey at no. 26, respectively.

12 VII Aoki, K., Kitajima, K., Masago, H., Nishizawa, M., Terabayashi, M., Omori, S., Yokoyama, T., Takahata, N., Sano, Y. and Maruyama, S : Metamorphic P-T-time history of the Sanbagawa belt in central Shikoku, Japan and implications for retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Lithos,

13 113, : Basalla, G : The spread of western science. Science, 156, Chipping, D.H : Paleoenvironmental significance of chert in the Franciscan Formation of western California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82, Dewey, J.F. and Bird, P : Mountain belts and new global tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75, : 235p 1972 : : : Ichikawa, K., Mizutani, S., Hara, I., Hada, S. and Yao, A. eds : Pre-Cretaceous Terranes of Japan. Nippon Insatsu, Osaka, 413p : 193p 1993 : Isozaki, Y. and Blake, M.C.Jr : Biostratigraphic constraints on formation and timing of accretion in a subduction complex: An example from the Franciscan complex in northern California. Journal of Geology, 102, Isozaki, Y. and Itaya, T : Chronology of Sanbagawa metamorphism. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 8, : : Isozaki, Y., Maruyama, S. and Furuoka, F : Accreted oceanic materials in Japan. Tectonophysics, 181, Isozaki, Y., Aoki, K., Nakama, T. and Yanai, S : New insight into a subduction-related orogen: Reappraisal on geotectonic framework and evolution of the Japanese Islands. Gondwana Research, doi: /j.gr in press 2010 : : I : Kimura, G., Maruyama, S., Isozaki, Y. and Terabayashi, M : Well-preserved underplating structure of the jadeitized Franciscan complex, Pacheco Pass, California. Geology, 24, : 244p 1983 : 360p 2005 : 174p Kobayashi, T : The Sakawa orogenic cycle and its bearing on the origin of the Japanese Islands. Journal of Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section 2, 5, Leggett, J.K., McKerrow, W.S. and Casey, D.M : The anatomy of a Lower Paleozoic accretionary forearc: The Southern Uplands of Scotland. Geological Society London Special Publication, 10, Maruyama, S : Plume tectonics. Journal of Geological Society of Japan, 100, Maruyama, S : Pacific-type orogeny revisited; Miyashiro-type orogeny proposed. The Island Arc, 6, Maruyama, S. and Seno, T : Orogeny and relative plate motions: Examples of the Japanese Islands. Tectonophysics, 127, Matsuda, T. and Isozaki, Y : Well-documented travel history of Mesozoic pelagic cherts in Japan: from remote ocean to subduction zone. Tectonics, 10, Minato, M., Gorai, M. and Funahashi, M. eds : The Geologic Development of the Japanese Islands. Tsukiji-shokan, Tokyo. Miyashiro, A : Evolution of metamorphic belts. Journal of Petrology, 2, Miyashiro, A. 1973a : Metamorphism and Metamorphic Belts. Allen & Unwin, London, 492p. Miyashiro, A. 1973b : The Troodos ophiolite complex was probably formed in an island arc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, a : 428p 2009b : 376p., : : 472 Ma U-Pb a :

14 b : : : : : : : : : 220 Ma Oreskes, N : Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview Press, Boulder, 448p : Saito, Y. and Hashiomto, M : South Kitakami Region: An allochthonous terrane in Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, Harder, S. Kaip, G : Sedlock, R. and Isozaki, Y : Lithology and biostratigraphy of Franciscan-like chert and associated rocks in west-central Baja California, Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, Seely, D.R., Vail, P.R. and Walton, G.G : Trench-slope model. in The Geology of Continental Margin edited by Burk, C.A. and Drake, C.L., Springer, New York, Sengor, A.M.C. and Dewey, J.F : Terranology: vice or virtue? in Allochtonous Terranes edited by Dewey, J.F., Gass, I.G., Curry, G.B., Harris, N.B.W. and Sengor, A.M.C., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Seno, T. and Maruyama, S : Paleogeographic reconstruction and origin of the Philippine Sea. Tectonophysics, 102, : K-Ar : Taira, A., Saitoh, Y. and Hashimoto, M : The role of oblique subduction and strike-slip tectonics in evolution of Japan. Geodynamic Series American Geophysical Union, 11, : Thomson Reuter 2010 : Essential Science Indicators, ISI Web of Science. Cited 2010/ 3/ : 258p Toriumi, M : Strainm stress and uplift. Tectonics, 1, Tsutsumi, Y., Miyashita, A., Terada, K. and Hidaka, H : SHRIMP U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Sanbagawa Belt, Kanto Mountains, Japan: Need to revise the framework of the belt. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 104, von Huene, R. and Scholle, D.W : Observation at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust. Review of Geophysics, 29, : : a : b : c : : 88p

Microsoft Word - 研究者向け案内書.docx

Microsoft Word - 研究者向け案内書.docx E-mail: michio_tagiri220130@nifty.com 1:25,000 505 Ma 3.5 1.5 3.5 1.5 115 117 Ma AKS 510 Ma 119 Ma 1 1970 1924 Minato, 1955; 1972 Kuroda, 1959 119 101 Ma K-Ar 1969 1977 1996 AKS Tagiri et al., 2011 Kuroda