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1 THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING REVIEW OF DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY, VOL. 53, NO. 4 January 2013 Discussion of the Relation between the Cerebral Blood Flow and Reaction Time during Stroop Test Michihiro FUKUHARA *, Mitsunori MIKI **, Hisatake YOKOUCHI *** and Tomoyuki HIROYASU *** (Received October 19, 2012) In this paper, the effects of the cognitive conflicts on cerebral blood flow were considerd. The cognitive conflicts were included by Stroop tests, and the changes in the cerebral blood flow were measured at multiple points, using fnirs device. It is assumed that the brain activities during the Stroop tests are activated near the left inferior frontal gyrus including Broca s area, which is thought to be devoted to language comprehension. Because of this reason, this region of the brain has been often focused on many researches. However, it seems that the discussions including the other region of the brain, such as the right hemisphere and the frontal parts, using fnirs, have not been held enough. Correspondingly, the study of the relationship between reaction time and cerebral blood flow seems to be insufficient. In this paper, the changes in cerebral blood flow during Stroop tests were measured using a multi-channel fnirs device (Hitachi medical Co., Japan). From the results, it is indicated that the changes in the whole-brain cerebral blood flow has increased greater when performing incongruent tasks than performing congruent tasks. At the same time, it is recognized that the reaction time is short, the more the changes in the cerebral blood flow is increased. Key words functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Stroop test, Executive function fnirs,, , 2) 3) 4) fnirs(functional near infrared spectroscopy) * Graduate school of Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto Telephone: , Fax: , mhukuhara@mis.doshisha.ac.jp ** Department of Knowledge Engineering and Computer Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto Telephone: , Fax: , mmiki@mail.doshisha.ac.jp *** Department of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto Telephone: , Fax: , tomo@mis.doshisha.ac.jp, hyokouch@mail.doshisha.ac.jp 19
2 186 5) fnirs ) 7) 8) ADHD 9) 10) 2.2 fnirs fnirs 11, 12) 20 Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb 30mm Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb fnirs Oxy-Hb fnirs ( 21-22, ) % ) fnirs 3. (1 ) 4. Fig. 1 Fig. 1
3 187 Fig. 1. Experimental procedure. (0.5 ) (1.5 ) (1.0 ) ETG-7100(Hitachi medical Co., Japan) CH CH 10Hz Oxy-Hb 14) 10/20 15) Oxy-Hb PreTime PostTime PreTime PostTime Baseline Oxy-Hb Baseline t Oxy-Hb 12 Oxy-Hb Oxy- Hb 40 Oxy-Hb CH 1CH 5) Fig (p <.05) 0.58 ± ± (p >.05) fnirs fnirs 12 Oxy-Hb Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 CH CH
4 188 Fig. 2. Stroop performance (Reaction time and error). Fig. 3 CH Fig. 4 CH Fig. 5 CH fnirs Oxy-Hb Fig. 6 Oxy-Hb Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Changes in Oxy-Hb at left temporal region. Changes in Oxy-Hb at right temporal region. Fig. 5. Changes in Oxy-Hb at prefrontal cortex. 22
5 189 23
6 190 5,, 17, (2012). 9) J. A. King, M. Colla, M. Brass, I. Heuser, and D. Y. Von Cramon, Inefficient cognitive control in adult ADHD: evidence from trial-by-trial Stroop test and cued task switching performance, Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, (2007). 10) P. E. Comalli Jr., S. Wapnera, and H. Wernera, Interference Effects of Stroop Color-Word Test in Childhood, Adulthood, and Aging, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 100, (1962). 11) A. Villringer, J. Planck, C. Hock, L. Schleinkofer, and U. Dirnagl, Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): a new tool to study hemodynamic changes during activation of brain function in human adults, Neuroscience Letters, 154, (1993). 12) H. Owen-Reece, M. Smith, C. E. Elwell, and J. C. Goldstone, Near infrared spectroscopy, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 82, (1999). 13) J. Sun, J. Zhai, R. Song, L. Zou, and H. Gong, Reduced prefrontal cortex activation in the color-word Stroop task for Chinese dyslexic children: a nearinfrared spectroscopy study, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 277, 1-7 (2011). 14) P. T. Fox and M. E. Raichle, Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 83, (1986). 15) H. Jasper, Report of committee on methods of clinical exam in EEG, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 10, (1958). 24
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