2008 IIA (program) pro(before)+gram(write) (artificial language) (programming languege) (programming) (machine language) (assembly language) ( )

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1 2008 IIA (program) pro(before)+gram(write) (artificial language) (programming languege) (programming) (machine language) (assembly language) () (high-level language) 3 (machine language) (CPU) 0 1 () (assembly language) 1:1 ( mnemonic) (high-level language) () (16 ) f 464c f ec e f f f00 675f 6f6d 5f6e f f 1

2 .file "add.c".section.rodata.lc0:.string "%d".lc1:.string "a+b=%d\n".text.globl main.type main: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $24,%esp call printf addl $16, %esp movl $0, %eax leave ret.size "GCC: (GNU) release (Vine Linux vl7)" (C ) #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int a,b,sum; scanf("%d",&a); scanf("%d",&b); sum=a+b; printf("a+b=%d\n",sum); } return 0; C add.c C gcc $ gcc -S add.c <-- $ ls add.c add.s $ cat add.s <-- $ gcc add.c <-- () $ ls a.out add.c add.s $ od -x a.out <

3 (compiler) (compile) (source code) (object code) CFORTRAN (interpreter) 1 BASICLISPPerl 1.1 Java ( java) javac ( class) java (JVM) ( 1.1 ) C FORTRAN INTEGER A,B,SUM READ(5,500) A,B 500 FORMAT(2I5) SUM=A+B WRITE(6,600) SUM 600 FORMAT( A+B=,I5) STOP END Pascal program add(input, output); var a,b,sum: integer; begin read(a); read(b); sum := a+b; writeln(sum) end. BASIC 10 INPUT A 20 INPUT B 30 LET SUM=A+B 40 PRINT "A+B=";SUM 50 END Java import java.io.*; class Add { public static void main(string[] args) throws java.io.ioexception { BufferedReader x = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in), 1); String sa = x.readline(); int a = Integer.parseInt(sa); String sb = x.readline(); int b = Integer.parseInt(sb); int sum = a+b; System.out.println("a+b=" + sum); } } 3

4 2 C 2.1 C C( C C ) Java C UNIX C (Firmware ) C Web Java ( C(JIS X3010)COBOL(JIS X3002)Java(JLS3.0) (CASL II) 4 C++ Java C C C++ Java 2.2 C 1960 ALGOL60 ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language) 1963 CPL Cambridge London ALGOL60 (Combined Programming Language) 1967 BCPL Martin Richard CPL (Basic CPL) 1970 B Ken Thompson DEC PDP-7 UNIX (BCPL B ) 1972 C Dennis Ritchie PDP-11 UNIX (next to B) 1978 K&R C B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall 1982 C++ B. Stroustrup C 1989 ANSI C ANSI(American National Standards Institute) ANSI X C90 ANSI X3.159 ISO/IEC 9899:1990(E) Programming Language-C 1992 ANSI C ISO/IEC 9899:1990 ANSI/ISO 9899:1990[1992] 1993 JIS C ISO 9899:1990 JIS X C99 ISO C ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) Programming Language-C (Second Edition) 2003 JIS C(C99) ISO 9899:1999 JIS X JIS JIS JIS X3010 C JIS C(C99) gcc C cc C99 4

5 2.3 Mac OS X Mac OS X Unicode(UTF-8) C gcc UTF-8 EUC EUC Emacs, Jedit Emacs [Finder] TWCU Emacs Dock Emacs Jedit X Jedit X C C.c () ;() :()1() l()0() o() gcc(gnu Compiler Collection 1 ) c gcc( ) C C gcc EUC-JP EUC UTF-8 EUC EUC-JP.term EUC-JP.term Dock Finder EUC [Finder] Dock [] [...] () (EUC)[] EUC 1 GNU C Compiler C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Java, and Ada, 5

6 $ cc a.out $./a.out 1. comp2a(~/comp2a) $ mkdir comp2a $ cd comp2a 2. ~/comp2a hello.c (Hello World ) /* hello.c */ #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf("hello World\n"); } return 0; 3. hello.c $ cc hello.c 4. $ ls -l $./a.out C! youkoso.c 2.1 " () EUC-JP 6

7 2.4 Emacs Emacs Emacs 6 Mac Os X ( Spotlight) Emacs 2 Emacs@ 2 () 3 (Mac OS X ) Emacs yes/no Emacs ;; This buffer is for notes you don t want to save, and for Lisp evaluation. ;; If you want to create a file, visit that file with C-x C-f, ;; then enter the text in that file s own buffer Emacs Emacs () Emacs () Emacs [ ] [] 4 ** --%% Emacs [Buffers] 2 Mac OS X Emacs 7

8 Emacs Emacs 3 esc Tutorial [Help] [Emacs tutorial] 2.3 Tutorial (Tutorial Tutorial ) x esc,x [] Read an existing file x esc x [] Read an existing file x control -c [File] [Exit Emacs] / -g Undo -x u Undo -g ( control g ) 8

9 b (backward) -f (forward) -p (previous) -n (next) esc, v -v esc, < esc, > d delete -k -x k () return yes return -k -y y [Edit] [Copy] [Edit] [Paste] Copy Paste control -w [Edit] [Cut] Cut control -w [Edit] [Cut] [Edit] [Paste] Cut Paste 9

10 x control -f [File] [Open File...] (Choose a file) Read an existing file (Choose a file) Finder Emacs & -x i [File] [Insert File...] (Choose a file) -x control -w [File] [Save as...] (Enter name) -x control -s [File] [Save (current buffer)] Emacs Emacs 1. () 2. [][] 3. Emacs () 4. /* */ ([File][Save]) [File][Print Buffer] $ a2ps lpr a2ps (Any to PostScript filter) ( )lpr 10

11 2.5 Hello World Hello World K&R C C99(ANSI C ) /* hello.c */ #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf("hello World\n"); } return 0; () C /**/ (comment) /**/ Hello World hello.c 2. 2 (preprocessing directive) #include <stdio.h> stdio.h (standard input/output ) () <stdio.h> (header) <stdio.h> printf() main() 4. 4 int main(void) main() (p.12 ) int main() int void main() int void C (Keyword) () { printf("hello World\n"); } return 0; main() (body) 6. ()({}) (compound statement) 7. 6 "Hello World\n" (string literal) " H e... d \n 8. 6 printf() 3 print format 11

12 9. printf("hello World\n"); "Hello World\n"Hello World \n (new line) return return return 0; main() 0 return C 11. ; 2.2 () (/**/\\) (") C ( 1) 1. printf() <stdio.h> 2. ; main() 1. main() 2. main() int main(void) 2 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) () 3. main() { } 2.6 Windows gcc IIA gcc Mac OS X X11 Xcode Tools Windows PC gcc gcc UNIX Windows Cygwin() Windows Cygwin 2 1. (Windows XP ) (a) [] (b) (c) (d) [] 12

13 (e) [] (f) (g) 2. ( osada cygwin osada ) 2 CD-ROM [Install or update now!] setup.exe Cygwin 1..c 4 ( C:/Cygwin/home/ ) 2. $ cc hello.c a.exe 3. $./a.exe cat $ cat hello.c Cygwin Cygwin Cygwin [][] Cygwin [][] 4.txt hello.c 13

14 (p.3) 2 addition.c /******************************************* * addition.c * * 2 10 * *******************************************/ #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int a,b,sum; } printf("2 a,b \n"); printf("a="); scanf("%d",&a); printf("b="); scanf("%d",&b); sum = a + b; printf("a + b =%d\n",sum); return 0; hello.c (object) (input) (computation) (output) scanf() 5 scanf() printf() (conversion specifier) 6 (identifier) (declare), ; int a,b,sum; 3 int a,b,sum a,b 12 a= a 13 scanf("%d",&a); scanf() a a %d 10 (decimal integer) 5 scan format 1 EOF 6 (variable) 14

15 (conversion specifier) &a a scanf() & ( 1 ) ( 2 ) a + b (expression) sum = a + b; a b sum (assignment statement) = printf() printf("a + b = %d\n",sum); sum 2 1 %d 2 sum 10 2 a + b = sum 10 %./a.out 2 a,b a=3 b=4 a + b = 7 statement a b sum int a,b,sum; scanf("%d",&a); 3 scanf("%d",&b); 3 4 sum = a + b; addition.c 15

16 C ( 2) = scanf() printf() 1 % 7. scanf() 1 %d printf() 1 %d scanf() & 2.4 addition.c a = 3; b = 4; ( add1.c) 2.5 addition.c 17 printf("a + b =%d\n",sum); printf("%d+%d=%d\n",a,b,sum); ( add2.c) ab subtraction.c 2.8 C () ( ) (indent) Emacs TAB 5. () 16

17 1. sum=a+b; sum = a + b; 2. { for(i=0; i<n; i++){ sum += a; sum2 += a*a; } for(i=0; i<n; i++) { sum += a; sum2 += a * a; } += += (indent) Tab C ( 3) () 1 3. () C99 37 ( 3 ) ANSI C auto break case char const continue default do double else enum extern float for goto if int long register return short signed sizeof static struct swich typedef union unsigned void volatile while C99 inline restrict Bool Complex Imaginary 17

18 C 18

1.1 1 C IIA $ cd comp3a %endminipage ~/comp3a mkdir $ mkdir comp3a $ cd comp3a C.c Emacs Cntrol x Control s 2 Emacs Control-x Control-f Control-

1.1 1 C IIA $ cd comp3a %endminipage ~/comp3a mkdir $ mkdir comp3a $ cd comp3a C.c Emacs Cntrol x Control s 2 Emacs Control-x Control-f Control- 1 C IIA 1 C IIA IIA 1.1 Mac OS X 1.1.1 Mac OS X Unicode(UTF-8) UTF-8 Jedit X( ) Emacs( ) Emacs Emacs Emacs [Finder] [] Emacs dock Jedit X C 1. Jedit X Dock drag & drop Jedit X [Finder] [] Jedit X Folder