Kyoto University * Comparative Research on Memories Concerning Korean Armed Forces in Vietnam: Korean NGO Recovery of Non-Official Memory

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1 * Comparative Research on Memories Concerning Korean Armed Forces in Vietnam: Korean NGO Recovery of Non-Official Memory ITO Masako* Abstract This paper aims to examine how reconciliation is developed through apologies towards damages by war, comparing the actions of nation-state, damaged areas and NGOs concerning the Vietnam War. The second aim is to consider official and non-official memories about Vietnam War both in the damaged country and the country that caused damages, further investigating the relationship between a variety of memories and political systems. During the Vietnam War, South Korea sent the second largest group of armed forces, but recently the Korean s memories as heroic stories have been confused since Han-kyoreh magazine reported that Korean troops conducted mass killings. After 30 years, an ex-service Korean s group visited the Ha My hamlet, Quang Nam Province, where slaughters occurred in They built a monument for the victims. But when it was completed, the group felt shocked about a poem on the massacre on the monument. After going back to Korea, they demanded revisions. The Vietnamese government, which was asked for revisions by the Korean Embassy, put pressure on the villagers, who finally covered the inscription. Vietnamese policy is to seal the past and look to the future as at present, the most important issue for the government is to procure development funds from other countries, and to maintain the legitimacy of the Communist Party through economic development. Therefore, the memories of the Ha My, whose villagers did not necessarily contribute to the Revolution, could not become an official memory. Further, those memories are not connected with nationalism. This point is the most different when comparing with the case between Korea or China and Japan. After the report by the Han-kyoreh, one Korean NGO started volunteer activities for Vietnamese * Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies,, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan itomasak@asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp 294

2 survivors. Through those activities, some survivors have been healed, and for the sake of the Korean NGO, the memory of Ha My, which can never become official memory, is preserved in Vietnam. Keywords: Vietnam War, Korean troops, Quang Nam Province, Han-kyoreh, memorial tower, memories of war I NGO Ku Su Jeong 2000;

3 48 3 II ,000 Ku Su Jeong 2000: ,480 13, ,500 ibid.: , , , , ibid.: ,000 ibid.: , ,517 ibid.: : :

4 ,000 10,000 20, : III 姃 Ku Su Jeong , :

5 , : : 15 IV IV IV 1 Quảng Nam, Điện Bản, Điện Dương,

6 Ha My M Huyện Điện Bàn

7 M IV

8 IV 3 10 Hoanh Son Ha Gia

9 48 3 Khe Long : IV 4 302

10 이용준 2003: 96 ibid.: 99 ibid.: 이용준 2003:

11 ibid.: IV 5 khép lại quá khứ, hướng tới tương lai :

12 KOICA KOICA KOICA 15 3 이용준 2003: ibid.: KOICA Korea International Cooperation Agency JICA ODA

13 48 3 KOICA ibid.:

14 IV 6 17 이용준 2003:

15 V NGO NAWAURI 3 NGO 1982 HP :

17 48 3 VI NGO :

18 21 NGO

19 : 192 NGO NGO NGO : Ku Su Jeong Quadrante 4:

20 (4): : 이용준 2003 베트남, 잊혀진전쟁의상흔을찾아서 서울 조선일보사 Ku Su Jeong Sưư can d ự của quân đội Hàn Quốc ố trong cuộc chiến ế tranh của Mỹỹ tại Việt ệ Nam. Luận án thạc s sử ử học, Đại học quốc gia thành phố HCM. Huyện Điện Bàn Những ữ vụ thảm sát dã man của Mỹỹ ngụy ụ và ch ư hầu trên đất ấ Điện ệ Bàn. Ban điều tra hậu quảả chiến tranh huyện Điện Bàn. Republic of Korea, Ministry of Public Information. n.d. Korea and Vietnam. Đinh Văn Mãnh Định Văn Quyện Hà Phước Mỹ Hoàng Châu Sinh Lê Thị Tuyết Mai Nguyễn Chua Nguyễn Cọi NguyễnHữu Đổng Nguyễn Lập Nguyễn Minh Hùng Nguyễn Ngọc Duyên Nguyễn Xu Phan Mậu PhạmThị Hoa Trần Thị Được Trần Thông Trịnh Tây Trịnh Thiên Chiến Võ Văn Năng

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