IPSJ SIG Technical Report Sphere Loose Packing Simulation Model and Approximation Formula for Packing Density Shuji Yamada, 1 Jinko Kanno 2 an

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1 Sphere Loose Packing Simulation Model and Approimation Formula for Packing Density Shuji Yamada, 1 Jinko Kanno 2 and Miki Miyauchi 3 A new simulation model for the sphere random loose packing is introduced. An approimation formula for the packing involving only S/V ratio and average of mean curvature of wall surface of the container is given. 1. Introduction 3 Scott, Kilgour [S] 20, (Closed Packing) (Loose Packing) NTT [D], [K1],[K2] 3 (drop and roll method) [L], [V2], [Y] µ - (S/V -ratio) 2. r r p (environment parameter) 0 µ 2 r R R A R A R 1

2 µr supp µ(a) = N µr(a) N µr(r) A µ- (support set) N µr µr-supp µ (A) A m µ (A) = area(supp µ (A)) area N µr (R) A p(a) = m µ(a) m µ ( R) (1) 3. Container Wall Evacuation Effect (Boundary Effect) R 2 [0, ) 2 2 4, y ( (0, y, z) = (1, y, z), (, 0, z) = (, 1, z) ) 0.01 µ (standard ) µ D µ µ ( 2) D 0.0 = D 1.0 = D 2.0 = r 3 (r ) µ r- D µ ± R A supp µ (A) µ = D Μ Μ 2 µ D µ r r 2

3 D µ 3 µ = 1.0 ( ) D µ ( ) Β Μ Μ 4 µ β µ r 4 r 6 r 8 r 3 (r ) ( ) D µ ( 3 ) r ( ) µ β µ β µ µ ( 4) β 1.0 = V S r µ (V β µrs)d µ D D = D µ D µ β µ rs/v (2) S/V - (surface-volume ratio) 4. Front Surface Curvature Effect ( ) r R R r- N r(r) (packing front surface) 2 N r (R) N r (R) H H H µ = z 1, 2, 3 5, 6, 7 300,000 3

4 情報処理学会研究報告 様子が表示されている r 40 r 60 r 図 5 実験 1. は中心からの距離 (r は充填球半径) フィット関数は r r 40 r 60 r 図 7 実験 3. は円柱中心軸からの距離 (r は充填球半径) フィット関数は であるので これをデータのフィット関数に代入すると r 0.056r = H と いう充填密度の近似式を得る 0.52 同様に実験 2 の場合は その充填前面は ほぼ半径 の球面形 法線ベクトルは外向 き をしていると考えられ その平均曲率は H = 1 であるので 充填密度の近似式は = H となる また 実験 3 の場合は 円柱軸から距離 の地点での充填が行われるときには その充 0.50 填前面は ほぼ半径 の円柱 法線ベクトルは内向き をしていると考えられる その平 均曲率は H = であるので 充填密度の近似式は r = H と なる r 40 r 60 r 図 6 実験 2. は中心からの距離 (r は充填球半径) フィット関数は r 以上の 3 実験いずれの場合も 充填密度は H で近似される これらはすべ て環境パラメタ µ = 1.0 における実験結果であるが その他の µ の値においても 局所的 充填密度 Dlocal を充填前面曲率で表した同様の近似式 Dlocal = Dµ γµ rh (3) 実験 1 の場合 中心から距離 の地点での充填が行われるときには その充填前面は ほぼ が得られる ここで γµ は環境パラメタ µ によって定まる定数であり これを充填前面曲 1 率効果係数と呼ぶ γµ は µ の増加に従い単調に増加し µ = 1.0 のときは γ1.0 = 0.11 で 半径 の球面形 法線ベクトルは内向き をしていると考えられる その平均曲率は H = 4 c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan

5 Γ Μ Μ 8 γ µ H r H (3) 1 D = (D µ γ H 1 µr ) d(3 ) d d = (D µ γ µrh)3 2 d = D 3γ µrh V S H r µ D D = D µ D µ β µ rs/v 3 2 γ µrh (4) 1, 2 2 r : 1 µ = 1 S = 4π V = 4 π 3 S/V - S = V 3 H = 1 µ = 1 D = r : µ = 1 S = 22 V = 6 S/V - S = 3.67 V H ϵ ϵ 0 H = π 24 1 = 6 π = µ = D = r [D] [K1] K. J. Dong, R. Y. Yang, R. P. Zou, and A. B. Yu, Role of Interparticle Forces in the Formation of Random Loose Packing, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 14 APRIL Kanno, J., Richardson, N., Phillips, J., Kupwade-Patil, K., Mainardi, D.S. and Cardenas, H.E., Modeling and simulation of electromutagenic processes for multiscale modification of concrete, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 7(2): 69-74, (2009). 5

6 情報処理学会研究報告 Spheres Well Defined? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, VOLUME 84, NUMBER 10, 6 MARCH [V1] Venkateshaiah, H., Kanno, J., Richardson, N., Phillips, J., Kupwade-Patil, K., Cardenas, H.E. and Mainardi, D.S, Dynamics of solvated chloride inhibition by nanoparticle treated concrete, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Fall National Meeting, Philadelphia, PN, (November, 2008). [V2] Visscher, W. M., Bolsterli, M., Random packing of equal and unequal spheres in two and three dimensions, Nature 239, , (27 October 1972). [Y] Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., Simulation of random packing of spherical particles with different size distributions, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Volume 92, Number 3, (2008) radius 図 9 充填球半径に対する充填密度 半径 1 の球形容器 サイズ の直方体容器 [K2] Kupwade-Patil, K., Chloride and sulfate based corrosion mitigation in reinforced concrete via electrokinetic nanoparticle treatment, Dissertation (May 2010). [L] Guangli Liu, Karsten E. Thompson, Influence of computational domain boundaries on internal structure in low-porosity sphere packings, Powder Technology 113, 2000, [S] Scott, G. D., Kilgour, D. M., The of random close packing of spheres, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys (1969). [T] S. Torquato,T. M. Truskett, P. G. Debenedetti, Is Random Close Packing of 6 c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan

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