Vol. 48 No. 6 June 2007 VR VR VR 2 VR VR Experimental Study on Thinking Support Using Handwritten Annotation at Collaborative Works in the Tel

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1 Vol. 48 No. 6 June 2007 VR VR VR 2 VR VR Experimental Study on Thinking Support Using Handwritten Annotation at Collaborative Works in the Tele-immersive Shared Environments Nobuyuki Kukimoto, 1 Yasuo Ebara, 2 Masato Furukawa 3 and Koji Koyamada 4 Tele-immersive collaboration shared with three dimensional scientific visualization image requires communication using annotation such as figures or characters in order to transmit one s idea correctly. In this paper, we conduct communication experiment in order to verify the availability of thinking support by effective communication which used handwritten annotations by PDA application in the tele-immersive environment which applied fluid visualization via WAN. From these results by subjective evaluations, the case of use annotaions is highly evaluated. In addition, we showed to realize effective communication of intention because the explanation time correlate with the number of annotations in the experiment, and it became short by using many annotations. Therefore, we have proved the effectiveness in the understanding of remote user s intentions by making clear the important point under discussion using annotation in the tele-immersive shared environment Departments of Infomatics, Tohwa University 2 Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies, Kyoto University 3 Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Kyusyu University 4 Center for the Promotion of Excellence in Higher Education, Kyoto University WWW TV CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2153

2 2154 June 2007 CSCW CRT Virtual Reality VR Collaborative Virtual Environments CVE 1) CVE 2) VR CVE VR VR VR VR 2. VR CVE AVOCADO 3) it3d 4) CVE 5),6) 7),8) VR ) 1 Fig. 1 Graphic thinking.

3 Vol. 48 No. 6 VR 2155 Fig. 2 2 Drawing methods into the 3D space. VR VR 2.2 VR VR VR VR 10) 2 11) 12),13) 14),15) 16) VR VR PDA 17) 20) VR PDA 21) VR PDA 2.3 Ishii ClearBoard 22) ClearBoard Verlinden VR

2156 June 2007 23) Olbrich 24) Jung 25) WWW VR VR VR 3. VR Fig. 3 3 VR Annotations in an immersive virtual environment. 3.1 VR 2 1 PDA PDA ImmediateDraw PDA VR TouchScreenDraw 3 VR ImmediateDraw PDA PDA 3D VR VR 3.

4 2156 June ) Olbrich 24) Jung 25) WWW VR VR VR 3. VR Fig. 3 3 VR Annotations in an immersive virtual environment. 3.1 VR 2 1 PDA PDA ImmediateDraw PDA VR TouchScreenDraw 3 VR ImmediateDraw PDA PDA 3D VR VR 3.2 VR VR 4 Fig. 4 System configuration. 26),27) 32 KHz sampling 16 bit 28) I/O PortAudio 29) UDP UDP PAN VR 3.3 4

5 Vol. 48 No. 6 VR 2157 Fig. 5 5 VR Tele-immersive shared environments. PDA LAN IEEE802.11b TCP/IP PDA 3D ImmidiateDraw PDA PDA PDA 10 cm 2 VR 5 PDA VR VR PDA 3D 3D 4. VR VR 4.1 VR 6

2158 June 2007 1 Table 1 Results of subjective evaluations. (a) 4.43 0.516 3.35 1.183 p=0.0001 (b) 4.00 0.800 3.37 0.976 p=0.0224 6 Fig.

6 2158 June Table 1 Results of subjective evaluations. (a) p= (b) p= Fig. 6 Annotations on fluid visualization in immersive virtual environment. 3D PDA ) 2) 3) 4) PDA VR 5 2 Table 2 Typical comments after the evaluations. (a) (b) 2 1) 4) % t 1 5% t 2

7 Vol. 48 No. 6 VR Table 3 Average explanation time for each item. 1) p= ) p= ) p= ) p= TouchScreenDraw 3D % t 1) 3 1) VR PDA ImmediateDraw 2) 3) 4) 3D VR VR ImmediateDraw

8 2160 June 2007 Fig. 7 7 Explanation time and number of annotations. 2 3 VR VR 8 Fig. 8 Correlation between explanation time and number of annotations ) VR ImmedietDraw 3 TouchScreenDraw TouchScreenDraw ImmedietDraw TouchScreenDraw

9 Vol. 48 No. 6 VR 2161 VR 31) VR 32) 1 33) VR VR 5. VR PDA VR 2 VR VR 3D 1) Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Vasilakis, C. and DeFanti, T.: Multi-perspective Collaborative Design in Persistent Networked Virtual Environments, Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 96, pp (1996). 2) Vol.1, pp (2003). 3) Tramberend, H.: Avocado: A Distributed Virtual Reality Framework, IEEE Virtual Reality, pp (1999). 4)

10 2162 June 2007 it3d 9 WISS 01 pp (2001). 5) Goebbels, G., Lalioti, V. and Göbel, M.: Design and Evaluation of Team Work in Distributed Collaborative Virtual Environments, Proc. ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, pp (2003). 6) Jensen, N., Olbrich, S. Pralle, H. and Raasch, S.: An Efficient System for Collaboration in Tele-Immersive Environments, 4th Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Workshop on Parallel Graphics and Visualization, pp (2002). 7) Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Brown, M., Sandin, D. and DeFanti, T.A.: Visualization in Teleimmersive Environments, IEEE Computer, pp (1999). 8) Ki, B. and Klasky, S.: Collaborative scientific data visualization, Concurrency: Practice and Experience, Vol.9, No.11, pp (1997). 9) Mckim, R.H.: Experiences in visual thinking, brooks/cole publishing company (1972), (2nd ed. 1980). 10) pp (2005). 11) Poupyrev, I., Numada, T. and Weghorst, S.: Virtual Notepad: Handwriting in Immersive VR, Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality Annual Symposium (VRAIS 98 ), pp (1998). 12) Igarashi, T., Matsuoka, S. and Tanaka, H.: Teddy: A Sketching Interface for 3D Freeform Designe, SIGGRAPH 1999, pp (1999). 13) 3 BlueGrotto Vol.J87-D-II, No.6, pp (2006). 14) Vol.J86-D-II, No.7, pp (2003). 15) Visual Computing CAD 2000 / pp (2000). 16) 59 4 pp (1999). 17) Ayatsuka, Y., Matsushita, N. and Rekimoto, J.: HyperPalette: A hybrid computing environment for small computing devices, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, pp (2000). 18) Myers, B.A.: Using Handhelds and PCs Together, Comm. ACM, Vol.44, pp (2000). 19) Rekimoto, J.: A multiple device approach for supporting whiteboard-based interactions, Proc. CHI 1998, pp (1998). 20) Hartling, P., Bierbaum, A. and Cruz-Neira, C.: Virtual Reality Interfaces Using Tweek, ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 (2002). 21) Nonaka, J., VR PDA Vol.J88-D-II, No.3, pp (2005). 22) Ishii, H. and Kobayashi, M.: ClearBoard: A Seamless Medium for Shared Drawing and Conversation with Eye Contact, Proc. SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp (1992). 23) Verlinden, J., Bolter, J. and van der Mast C.: Voice Annotation: Adding Verbal Information to Virtual Environments, Proc. European Simulation Symp., pp (1993). 24) Olbrich, S. and Jensen, N.: Lessons Learned in Designing a 3D Interface for Collaborative Inquiry in Scientific Visualization, HCI International 2003, pp (2003). 25) Jung, T., Gross, M.D. and Yi-Luen Do, E.: Annotating and Sketching on 3D Web Models, Proc.7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, pp (2002). 26) Hindmarsh, J., Fraser, M., Heath, C., Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C.: Objectfocused interaction in collaborative virtual environments, ACM Trans. Computer-Human Interaction, Vol.7, pp (2000). 27) Sallnäs, E., Rassmus-Gröhn, K. and Sjöström, C.: Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback, ACM Trans. Computer-HumanInteraction, Vol.7, pp (2000). 28) VR 2004-HI-109, pp (2004). 29) 30) 64 (2002). 31) VENUS: Interest Awareness Vol.36, No.6, pp (1995). 32)

11 Vol. 48 No. 6 VR pp (2000). 33) Ogi, T., Yamada, T., Tamagawa, K., Kano, M. and Hirose, M.: Immersive Telecommunication Using Stereo Video Avatar, Proc. Virtual Reality 2001 Conference, pp (2001). ( ) ( ) IEEE IBM IEEE CS

IPSJ SIG Technical Report Vol.2009-DPS-141 No.20 Vol.2009-GN-73 No.20 Vol.2009-EIP-46 No /11/27 1. MIERUKEN 1 2 MIERUKEN MIERUKEN MIERUKEN: Spe

IPSJ SIG Technical Report Vol.2009-DPS-141 No.20 Vol.2009-GN-73 No.20 Vol.2009-EIP-46 No /11/27 1. MIERUKEN 1 2 MIERUKEN MIERUKEN MIERUKEN: Spe 1. MIERUKEN 1 2 MIERUKEN MIERUKEN MIERUKEN: Speech Visualization System Based on Augmented Reality Yuichiro Nagano 1 and Takashi Yoshino 2 As the spread of the Augmented Reality(AR) technology and service,