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1 Effect of Organic Substrates on the Transportability and Growth of Nursery Stock of Satsuma Mandarin cv. Isiji Katsuhiko NAKAMOTO, Naohisa MIYAWAKI and Mihoko HASEGAWA Reprinted from Bulletion of the Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute Agricultural Technology Research Center No. 84 July, 2009

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16 Effect of Organic Substrates on the Transportability and Growth of Nursery Stock of Satsuma Mandarin cv. Isiji Katsuhiko NAKAMOTO, Naohisa MIYAWAKI and Mihoko HASEGAWA Summary After choosing an organic potting substrate suitable for the growth and retention or ageing of nursery stock of the satsuma mandarin cv. Isiji, we examined fertilizer use and soil moisture management. The ease of transport, method of planting and tree growth after planting out into various soil types was evaluated to evaluate the success of the organic substrate. The study resulted in the following findings : 1. Characteristic of organic substrate. The organic substrate chosen as a potting medium was very light, being a 1 to 1 mix by volume of composted bark and rice hulls. The weight of the organic substrate was only about 30% that of the usual soil substrate, but the material cost equaled that of soil. For raising and aging the nursery stock, we used 20 liters per tree of the organic substrate. 2. Fertilizer use. A fertilizer management regime suitable for raising aged nursery stock of satsuma mandarin Isiji included coated fertilizer equivalent to a nitrogen use of 20g per tree per year. 3. Soil moisture management. A soil tensiometer was placed in the organic substrate and a piece of non-woven fabric placed on the top of the organic substrate to retain the moisture and prevent it drying out. Soil moisture management assumed automatic irrigation when the pf reached 1.8 using 20 per time for a one-year old nursery tree of satsuma mandarin Isiji. 4. Transportability. The lightweight nature of the organic substrate gave a clear advantage for users when it became necessary to transport aged nursery stock. Comparing the work required during transportation, the organic substrate could reduce the labor time over the two-year ageing process by 30% compared to the standard soil substrate. In addition, the standing posture during handling was improved so reducing the effort required and lessening the chance of injury. 5. The effects of the soil type in the orchard and the planting method on the subsequent growth of nursery stock that had been raised in the organic substrate were also investigated. Within the prefecture three kinds of soil are found in the centers of citrus production. We showed that use of a organic substrate gave a wide soil adaptability, with growth on planting out in all three types equivalent to that using the standard soil substrate for the two years of nursery raising of satsuma mandarin trees. In addition, the organic substrate reduced the labor at planting out as little root pruning was needed to prepare the root ball. Key words transportability, handling,organic substrate,growth,nursery stock, rice hulls, bark manure, satsuma mandarin, Isiji

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