【WWF水産セミナー資料】インドネシアのエビ養殖 そのチャレンジとチャンス
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1 Tokyo - Japan インドネシアのエビ養殖そのチャレンジとチャンス Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia; Challanges and Opprtunities チャンディカ ヤスフ WWF インドネシア Candhika Yusuf / cyusuf@wwf.or.id Aquaculture Coordinator WWF-Indonesia Responsible Aquaculture and the Supply Chain Transformation Seminar 20 December
2 概要 Outline 1. インドネシアのエビ養殖 Indonesian Shrimp Aquaculture 一目で分かるインドネシアの養殖 Indonesian Aquaculture at a Glance 養殖の統計データ Indonesian Aquaculture Statistic グローバルマーケットにおけるインドネシアのエビ Indonesian Shrimps on Global Market インドネシアにおけるエビ養殖の経緯 Flash back Brief history on Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia インドネシアにおけるエビ養殖の課題 Issues on Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia 2. WWF インドネシア養殖プログラム WWF-ID Aquaculture Program 持続可能な漁業プロジェクト : 戦略的アプローチ WWF-ID Sustainable Fisheries Program, strategic approches 養殖プロジェクト : 地理 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Locations 養殖プロジェクト : 伝統的エビ養殖 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture シーフードセイバーズ WWF-ID : Seafood Savers Program チャレンジとチャンス Challanges & Opportunity 20 December
3 一目で分かる世界の養殖 Global Aquaculture at a Glance 世界の漁業と養殖の生産量 World Capture and Aquaculture Production 2010 養殖生産量上位 10 か国 Top Aquaculture Producers 2010 インドネシア 230 万 t(3.85%) Source : SOFIA December
4 一目で分かるインドネシアの養殖 Indonesian Aquaculture at a Glance インドネシアには 少なくとも 1,700 万 ha もの養殖の開発候補地があり すでに 30 種以上の在来種が養殖製品として使われている Indonesia has at least 17 millions Ha of potential areas for aquaculture development with at least 30 local species has already used as aquaculture commodities 養殖生産量の 56% は海域由来であるが インドネシアの養殖業者の 69% は内陸の淡水地域に集中している 56% aquaculture production come from marine BUT 69% Indonesian fish farmers concentrate in inland freshwater areas 養殖生産量のほとんどは伝統的漁法 ( 半集約的養殖法 ) を行う小規模業者である Most of aquaculture production came from small holders fish famers using traditional semi intensive farming methods 20 December
5 インドネシア養殖の統計データ Statistic of Indonesian Aquaculture (2011) No 産品 Commodity 海藻 Seaweed サバヒー Milkfish ティラピア Tilapia 汽水域性エビ 4 Brackishwater Shrimp クララ Clarias Catfish コイ Common Carp パンガシウス Pangasius Catfish シ ャイアントク ラミー Giant Gourame ハタ Grouper ハ ラマンテ ィ Baramundi その他 Others Total Source : Directorate General of Aquaculture 2011 * 2011 is estimate data 20 December
6 グローバルマーケットにおけるインドネシアのエビ Indonesian Shrimps on Global Market (2011) EU UNI EROPA 輸入量 Import Volume 840 ribu ton インドネシア Indonesia 1,99% 日本 JAPAN 輸入量 Import Volume 285,000ton タイ Thailand 17,84% ベトナム Vietnam 16,62% インドIndia 15,05% インドネシア Indonesia 15,01% 中国 Cina 08,38% アメリカ USA 輸入量 Import Volume 576,800 ton タイ Thailand 32,21 % エクアドル Ecuador 12,79 % インドネシア Indonesia 12,27% インド India 08,34% ベトナム Vietnam 07,88% Source: Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, December
7 インドネシアにおけるエビ養殖の歴史を振り返る Flash back Brief history on Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia 1980 年代 In 1980 S: ブラックタイガーの養殖と飼育密度が増加し始める Increasing density (intensive) and production of Penaeus monodon shrimp aquaculture 1990 年代 During 1990 S: インドネシアのブラックタイガーが複数のウイルス病に感染する Indonesian Penaeus monodon shrimp infected by several viral diseases : a. バキュロウイルス MBV b. 白斑病ウイルス WSV 最悪の事態 : 野生のケンミジンコからカニまで全ての甲殻類が WSV や MBV に感染した これらは生存しているがキャリアとなっている The worst situation : all crustacean (from small size like Cyclops to a bigger one like Crabs) in natural water are infected and become carrier of WSV or MBV. These crustaceans are still alive but they are carrying viral diseases 年代後半 In the late 1990 S: ブラックタイガーはバナメイの白斑病フリー種 SPF 種のバナメイに転換された Penaeus monodon shrimp was changed by Pacific White Shrimp (L. vanammei) due to the availability of white spot free seeds or SPF seeds. Intensive 2000 年代 During 2000s : バナメイは依然健在だが ブラックタイガーが徐々に巻き返しはじめる Penaus monodon slowly recovery, while L. Vanammei stay stabil 20 December
8 インドネシアにおけるエビ養殖の課題 Issues on Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia エビ養殖の位置 Location of the Shrimp Aquaculture 無秩序な地域管理 Unregulated area management 土地転換 ( しばしば保護区内でも起こっている ) Land conversion often in conservation area スマトラシ ャワハ リカリマンタンスラウェシマルクハ フ ア合計 集約養殖 Intensive Shrimp Aquaculture 伝統的 半集約養殖 Traditional & Semi-Intensive Shrimp Aquaculture Source : Bakosurtanal / National Authority on Survey and Mapping, December
9 インドネシアにおけるエビ養殖の課題 Issues on Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia 病気の蔓延 Disease Outbreaks - 白斑病 WSV 責任あるエビ養殖の実践に関する技術 Technique on responsible shrimp aquaculture practices : エビの種苗の品質向上 Good quality of shrimp fries トレーサビリティー Traceability 集約養殖における給餌 Feed issues (on intensive farms) 集団管理 Cluster Management 禁止された化学物質の使用 Prohibited chemical use 管理局による技術指導の不足 Less technical assitance from authorithy - 小規模 独自手法 Small scale doing their own way - スタンダードの実施 Standards Implementation ( 国内スタンダード National standard CBIB / Good Aquaculture Practice) 社会 経済上の課題 Social economy issues : 大規模事業者 vs 小規模養殖 Major Player vs Small scale 遊休池 IDLE PONDS 20 December
10 WWF インドネシア / 持続可能な水産業プロジェクト WWF-ID Sustainable Fisheries Program 一般的な戦略的アプローチ General Strategic Approaches WWF Value: INSPIRING バッドプラクティスに対抗するためのグッドプラクティスの露出 Exposing good practices as oppose to fighting bad practices 1. 持続可能な水産物需要の増加 Increased Sustainable seafood demand 2. 持続可能な水産物の需給を促進する Encourage the availability of sustainable seafood products 3. 責任ある養殖管理を支援する政策 / 制度の確立を政府を働きかける Support the government to establish conducive policies/regulation to support the responsible aquaculture management シーフードガイドキャンペーン Seafood Guide Campaign B2B Forum : シーフードセイバーズ The Seafood Savers 持続可能 責任ある養殖 Sustainable & Responsible Aquaculture 空間計画グリーン投資 Spatial Plan Green Investment Scheme 養殖改善プロジェクト AIPs 3. 政策 / 規則 ( 後押し ) Policies / Regulations (Conducive)
11 WWF インドネシア養殖プロジェクト : 位置 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Locations アチェ Aceh ブラックタイガー Tiger Shrimp (P. monodon) ShAD ASC タラカン Tarakan ブラックタイガー Tiger Shrimp (P. monodon) ShAD ASC トバ湖 Toba Lake ティラピア Tilapia (O. niloticus) ISRTA ASC ベラウ Berau ハタ Grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) CBIB 20 December
12 WWF インドネシア養殖プロジェクト : 伝統的エビ養殖 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture 持続可能な水産物需要を増加させる Increase the sustainable seafood demand シーフードガイド Seafood Guide (Ver. 2011) ブラックベリー用シーフードガイドアプリ Seafood Guide application for Blackberry サイバーフォーラム Cyber Forum (Marine Buddies) (5000 active members) 店頭キャンペーン In Store Campaign 20 December
13 WWF インドネシア養殖プロジェクト : 伝統的エビ養殖 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture 持続可能な水産物の入手の可能性を促進する Encourage the availability of sustainable seafood products 2008 年 ~: 特定のエビ養殖業者グループに対する技術指導 Since 2008 : Technical assistance to selected shrimp farmers groups 2010~11 年 : ガイドラインの策定 ( エビ養殖管理検討会に基づいたエビ養殖の BMP) Develop guidelines : BMPs for Shrimp Aquaculture based on ShAD - ASC 2011~12 年 : インドネシアの既存の伝統的エビ養殖と ASC や GlobalG.A.P とのギャップ分析 Gap assesment on existing traditional shrimp aquaculture in Indonesia towards ShAD ASC and GLOBALG.A.P 実施主体 : RSCIP Consortium (Oxfam Novib, IUCN NL, WWF-ID, WIIP, & Telapak) 主要な課題 Key Findings : 1. 養殖場の法的ステイタス Legal status of farms, 2. 種苗のトレーサビリティー Broodstock traceability, 3. 文書作成 Documentations, 4. 養殖の記録管理 Daily aquaculture recordings, 5. 化学物質の使用 Use of chemicals, 6. 病気の管理 Desease management 7. 衛生 / 廃棄物管理 Hygienity / waste management, 8. マングローブ林 Mangrove 9. 労働条件 Issues on Labours 20 December
14 環境に優しい養殖池をつくる 20 December
15 6 か月後 6 mo. 1 年半後 1.5 yrs. 2 年後 2 yrs. 2.5 年後 2.5 yrs. 20 December
16 WWF インドネシア養殖プロジェクト : 伝統的エビ養殖 WWF-ID Aquaculture Program : Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture 責任ある養殖管理を支援する政策 / 制度の確立を政府を働きかける Support the government to establish conducive policies/regulation 2010 年 : エビ養殖管理検討会をインドネシアで開催 Hosting Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue meeting in Indonesia 2011 年 : アチェ ブサル県政府に漁業のためのグリーン投資 (GIFF) Green Investment For Fisheries (GIFF) in Aceh Besar District Government アチェ ブサル県に持続可能で責任のある水産ビジネス投資のための一連の制度 A set of regulation to accomodate the sustainable and responsible fisheries bussiness investment in Aceh Besar District 2012 年 : タラカン政府による BMP 伝統的エビ養殖 BMP Traditional Shrimp Aquaculture official adoption by Tarakan Government 20 December
17 2012 年 2 月 Feb 年 10 月 Oct 2009 WWF インドネシアシーフードセイバーズ WWF-ID : Seafood Savers Program 加入 Entry phase 計画 Planning phase メンバーシップ Membership phase 20 December
18 WWF インドネシア : シーフードセイバーズ WWF-ID : Seafood Savers Program パートナーの参加レベル Partners Commitment Level :LoI and/or MoU ( ) 1. 小売 Retailers a. スーパーマーケット Supermarket 2 b. ホテル レストラン Hotel/ Restaurant 1 2. 生産者 Producers a. 輸入業者 Importeer 3 b. 輸出業者 10 Exsporteer (processors, Fishing Industries etc) c. 中間業者 Middlemen 90 d. 漁業者団体 Fishermen Groups 39 e. 漁業者 養殖業者 Fishermen/ fish Farmers 10,822 F. 養殖業者 Fish Farmers 金融機関 Financial Institution a. 銀行 Bank - 総生産量 807, Total Fish Productions (Tuna, Grouper, Snapper, Shrimp) in t/yr 8.9 % 20 December
19 チャレンジとチャンス Challanges & Opportunity チャレンジ Challanges 政策と政治的意志の課題 Policy and political will issues 技術的課題 Technical issues - 責任あるエビ養殖事業素スタンダードの実施 Implementation on responsible shrimp aquaculture practices standards マングローブ問題は その他多くの改善すべき課題の一つにすぎない Mangrove is one thing.. There are more things to be improved 集団管理 Cluster Management Issues - 伝統的エビの広大なエリア Vast area of traditional shrimp マーケットの問題 Market issues - 国内マーケットの持続可能性への低い需要 Domestic market, doesn t need sustainable.. - 国際マーケットは? International market? 入手可能な価格で AFFORDABLE PRICE 20 December
20 チャレンジとチャンス : 多様な関係者を巻き込む Challanges & Opportunity: Multistakeholders Involvement Seafood Lovers Buyers / retailers Producers Resources 水産物が好きな人 バイヤー小売 生産者 資源 20 December
21 チャレンジとチャンス : ムーブメントを加速させる Challanges & Opportunity: The Spinning Wheels 生産者 Fishermen/ Farmer 調査 Research 水産業界 Industry マーケット Market 責任ある養殖 Responsible Aquaculture 政府 政治的意志 Government / Political will NGOs 制度 Regulation スマートな マーケット バイヤー 投資家が生産者を責任ある養殖へと動かす鍵です! Smart Market / Buyer / Investor is the one of the crucial keys to accelerate and driven the producers towards the responsible aquaculture practices! 20 December
22 Thank You , WWF. All photographs used in this presentation are copyright protected and courtesy of the WWF-Canon Global Photo Network and the respective photographers. 20 December
23 WWF IN SHORT +100 WWF is in over 100 countries, on 5 continents +5,000 WWF has over 5,000 staff worldwide 1961 WWF was founded In M WWF has over 5 million supporters Photo: NASA
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