, FAD FAD FED FAO FAO WFP 1999 NGO ) 1. FAD FAD 1999 Lee, FAD % national coping s
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1 Devereux, 1988: Food Availability Decline: FAD Food Entitlement Decline: FED FAD FAD FED 2000, 2002 FAD FAD FAD FED FAD Lee, 2003 FED
2 , FAD FAD FED FAO FAO WFP 1999 NGO ) 1. FAD FAD 1999 Lee, FAD % national coping strategies 60 Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
3 famine in slow motion 2) FAD FAD FAD FAO % % FAO FAD 1998 UNDP FAD UNDP kg 444 g/ 31 kg 85 g/ 61
4 UNDP 85 g/ FAO g/ g/ WFP 2. FED FED FED g g ) Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
5 FAD FED : : : 258 4) 63
6 ,100 5) FAO % % 6) % 31.8% ) 2 5 8) % : 61 60% 70% 1999: : Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
7 (60.6%) 70 (16.3%) 16 (3.7%) 51 (11.9%) 18 (4.2%) 14 (3.3%) 429 (100%) (28.4%) 99 (23.1%) 60 (14.0%) 98 (22.8%) 29 (6.8%) 21 (4.9%) 429 (100%) (9.8%) 117 (27.4%) 67 (15.7%) 148 (34.7%) 31 (7.2%) 22 (5.2%) 427 (100%) (5.7%) 108 (25.8%) 54 (12.9%) 168 (40.2%) 36 (8.6%) 28 (6.7%) 418 (100%) Robinson, Lee, Hill and Burnham (1999). 2 % 1) ,576 1) 1999: % % ) 2 1, %
8 2 2003: % , : Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
9 3 % 1,493 (56.3) 589 (22.2) 54 (2.0) 91 (3.4) 42 (1.6) 81 (3.1) % 10 (0.4) 20 (0.8) 23 (0.9) 115 (4.3) 135 (5.1) 0 (0) 2, : % 519 (20) 71 (2.7) 336 (12.7) 13 (0.5) 95 (3.6) 807 (30.4) 27 (1.0) 785 (29.6) 1999: % FAO 5 FAO % 96 65% % FAO 10) )
10 FAO a b 1) (7) (73) (51) (83) (104) (89) (154) a+b a b 1) (32) (30) (84) (75) (92) (67) a+b a, b, c 1 g/ 1) FAO FAO Statistical Database 2000 FAO 100 FAO FAO/ WFP FAO/WFP FAO/WFP g/ FAO/WFP 68 Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
11 2 1) 1 1 2) FAO/WFP g g g g g g g g g g FAO 1 5 FAO/WFP : ) UNDP
12 ) ,005 1, ) ) ) kg ) % ) : g/ FAO g/ g : Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
13 kg 2000: : : : % :
14 : ) 30% 2000: : 306, 318, Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
15 1990 FAD FAD FED 1) Goodkind and West 2001 Lee 2003 Woo-Cumings 2002 Robinson, Lee, Hill and Bumham 1999 NGO Noland 2003 Smith and Huang 2000 FAD FED FAD FED 2) famine in slow motion WFP WFP : 272 3) : 105 4) ) : , : 92 6) FAO 2000: 188 7) Smith and Huang
16 8) : : 385 9) 10) FAO USDA USDA FAO 90 FAO FAO 2001 Smith 1997 Noland USDA ) FAO Statistical Database 2003 Eberstadt ) ) 2000: The End of North Korea, American Enterprise Institute, No The Great North Korean Famine, US Institute for peace, Washington, Devereux, Stephen (1988), Entitlements, Availability and Famine: A Revisionist View of Wollo, , FOOD POLICY, August, pp Eberstadt, Nicholas (2001), Development, Structure and Performance of the DPRK Economy: Empirical Hints, In: Chang-Ho Yoon and Lowrence J. Lau (ed.), North Korea in Transition, Edward Elgar. Goodkind, Daniel and West, Lorane (2001), The North Korean Famine and its Demographic Impact, Population and Development Review, 27(2): pp Lee, Suk (2003), Food Shortages and Economic Institutions in the Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Warwick, Coventry: UK. Noland, Marcus (2003), Famine and Reform in North Korea, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC. Robinson, W. Courtland, M. K. Lee, Hill, Kenneth and Burnham, Gilbert M. (1999), Mortality in North Korean Migrant Households: A Restrospective Study, The LANCET, Vol Sen, Amartya (1981), Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Oxford University Press 2000 (1999), Development as Freedom, Alfred A. Knopf, New York 2002 Smith, Heather (1997), The North Korean Economy: Collapse, Stasis or Reform?, The Brookings Institute, Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics No Smith, Heather and Huang, Yiping (2000), Achieving Food Security in North Korea, Paper presented At 74 Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2005
17 the Conference LNCV-Korean Peninsula: Enhancing Stability and International Dialogue, 1 2 June, Rome: Italy. Woo-Cumings, Meredith (2002), The Political Ecology of Famine: The North Korean Catastrophe and Its Lessons, Asian Development Bank Institute, Research Paper Series No KDI KDI [email protected] 75
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