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1 31-year dynamics of a secondary forest that invaded y Bischofia javanica after simultaneous death of Pinus luchuensis in Chichijima Island Kenji HATA 1*, Yasuo YAMAMURA 2 and Naoki KACHI 1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan 2 Faculty of Science, Iaraki University, Japan * Author for correspondence: ken-hata@tmu.ac.jp, , Tel , Fax Astract: To quantify dynamics of a secondary forest that was invaded y Bischofia javanica, after death of a dominant tree, Pinus luchuensis, we represented long-term monitoring data of a 20 x 20 m plot in the Fukiagedani Valley in Chichijima Island for 31 years ( ). With the death of P. luchuensis, asal area of trees of all woody species reduced to less than half efore the death, and thereafter increased. The numers of trees and saplings decreased during the period. This suggested that individual trees grew after death of P. luchuensis ut recruitments of seedlings did not occur, which could e related to closure of forest canopy with the growth of individual trees. All data of the study was pulished on the we site of the Ogasawara Research Committee of Tokyo Metropolitan University (island@tmu.ac.jp). Keywords: invasive non-native species, long-term monitoring, oceanic island, Ogasawara Islands Introduction Most of the mesic secondary forests on Chichijima Island, the largest island of Ogasawara Islands, ecame estalished after 1945 in aandoned fields and they were dominated y an introduced species, Pinus luchuensis (Shimizu 1983). These forests are categorized as a Pinus- Schima forest (Shimizu and Taata 1991). In 1979, a pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was accidentally introduced to Chichijima Island and almost all of the P. luchuensis trees were killed y 1984 (Mueller-Domois and Foserg 1998). After the death of P. luchuensis, most of the stands of the Pinus-Schima forests were mainly composed of Schima mertensiana 19

2 (Shimizu 1986), and Bischofia javanica aggressively invaded some of these forests (Hata et al. 2006). Long-term dynamics of the forest that invasive trees invaded can provide useful information for management of the forest ecosystems. In this study, we represented data of dynamics of woody species in the forests in Chichijima Island for 31 years. The data, contains forest dynamics for 19 years pulished in Hata et al. (2006). In addition, all data in this study were pulished in Appendix 1. Study sites and methods In 1984, a permanent m plot was estalished for long-term monitoring in a forest in the Fukiagedani Valley (27 04 N, E, 120 m aove sea level). In this study, woody plants were categorized y their heights into two groups, trees ( 1.3 m), and saplings (< 1.3 m, 0.3 m). The diameters at reast height (DBHs) of all trees and heights of all saplings were measured. The DBHs of the standing dead trees of P. luchuensis were also measured in order to estimate their iomass when they were alive. Remeasurements of the trees and saplings were also carried out in 1987, 1990, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2010 and Details of the study site and measurements were represented in Hata et al. (2006). Results and Discussion Basal area of alive trees of all woody species was 30.4 m 2 ha -1 and that of standing dead trees of P. luchuensis was m 2 ha -1 (Tale 1). This suggested that aoveground iomass of the forest reduced to less than half after death of P. luchuensis, which was not inconsistent with previous study in the secondary forests (Shimizu 1986). All survivors of P. luchuensis in 1984 died y Basal area of trees of all woody species increased from 30.4 m 2 ha -1 to 53.6 m 2 ha -1 for 31 years, which was 77% of total value of alive and dead trees in 1984 (Tale 1). Total numer of trees of woody species decreased from 280 to 192 for 31 years (Tale 2). The numer increased etween 1984 and 1990 and thereafter decreased. The numers of saplings of all woody species deceased from 840 to 63 for 31 years, especially, drastically decreased after 2003 (Tale 3). The increase in asal are of trees, and the decreases in numers of trees and saplings suggested that individual trees grew after death of P. luchuensis ut recruitments of seedlings did not occur, which could e related to closure of forest canopy with the growth of individual trees. 20

3 Acknowledgements: We thank the Environmental Agency and the Department of National Forests in the Ogasawara Islands for permission to conduct this study on the plants of Chichijima Island. This study was originally organized y the late Professor emeritus Makoto Kimura and late Dr. Masaki Funakoshi. The long-term measurements has een conducted y memers of the laoratory of Plant Ecology, the laoratory of Systematic Botany of Tokyo Metropolitan University, and the laoratory of Ecology of Iaraki University. Appendix 1 is availale on the we site of the Ogasawara Research Committee of Tokyo Metropolitan University as follow: action=repository_view_main_item_snippet&index_id=479&pn=1&count=20&order=17&lang=japanese &page_id=30&lock_id=155. References Hata K, Suzuki J-I, Kachi N, Yamamura Y (2006) A 19-year study of dynamics of an alien tree, Bischofia javanica, on a sutropical oceanic island. Pac Sci 60: Mueller-Domois D, Foserg FR (1998) Vegetation of the tropical pacific islands. Springer, New York. Shimizu Y (1983) Plant ecological studies of the forest in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands (in Japanese). Ph.D. dis., Kyoto University, Kyoto. Shimizu Y (1986) Serious damage to Pinus lutchuensis y the attack of the pine wood nematode at Chichijima in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. J Fac Lett Komazawa Univ, Tokyo 44: Shimizu Y, Taata H (1991) Forest structures, composition, and distriution on a pacific island, with reference to ecological release and speciation. Pac Sci 45:

4 ABSTRACT IN JAPANESE リュウキュウマツ一斉枯死後にアカギが侵入した父島の二次林における 31 年間の動態畑憲治 1 山村靖夫 2 可知直毅 1 1 首都大学東京理工学研究科生命科学専攻 2 茨城大学理学部リュウキュウマツの一斉枯死後にアカギが侵入した森林の長期的な動態を父島の二次林における 31 年間のデータから明らかにしたマツ枯れ直後森林の BA は 50% 以下に減少したその後 31 年間で全体の BA は増加しマツ枯れ以前の約 70% 程度まで回復したと考えられる樹木の個体数は 1990 年まで増加しその後減少したこれはマツ枯れ後樹木が成長し現存量が増加する一方で競争によって小径木の枯死と新規加入個体の減少を示唆するこの研究で使用したデータを公開する利用を希望する場合の問い合わせ先は以下のアドレス (island@tmu.ac.jp) であるキーワード : 侵略的外来生物長期継続調査海洋島小笠原諸島 22

5 Tale 1 Basal areas of trees of all woody species (m 2 ha -1 ) in a m plot. Species Ardisia sieoldii Bischofia javanica Callicarpa supuescens Calamus urens Celtis oninensis Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum pseudopedunculatum Calophyllum inophyllum (4.44) Elaeocarpus photiniifolius Elaeagnus rotundata Euonymus oninensis Hiiscus glaer Livistona chinensis Ligustrum micranthum Machilus oninensis Mangifera indica Machilus kou Morus australis Neolitsea sericea var. aurata Osmanthus insularis Pandanus oninensis Pittosporum oninense Pinus luchuensis (34.89) Planchonella oovata Psychotria oninensis Psidium guajava Psidium littorale Rhaphiolepis indica Schima mertensiana Syzygium cleyerifolium Tarenna susessilis Trema orientalis Wikstroemia pseudoretusa Unkonwn Total (39.3) (): Standing dead trees 23

6 Tale 2 Numers of trees of all woody species (400 m -2 ) in a m plot. Species Ardisia sieoldii Bischofia javanica Callicarpa supuescens Calamus urens Celtis oninensis Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum pseudopedunculatum Calophyllum inophyllum (6) Elaeocarpus photiniifolius Elaeagnus rotundata Euonymus oninensis Hiiscus glaer Livistona chinensis Ligustrum micranthum Machilus oninensis Mangifera indica Machilus kou Morus australis Neolitsea sericea var. aurata Osmanthus insularis Pandanus oninensis Pittosporum oninense Pinus luchuensis (8) Planchonella oovata Psychotria oninensis Psidium guajava Psidium littorale 1 1 Rhaphiolepis indica Schima mertensiana Syzygium cleyerifolium Tarenna susessilis Trema orientalis Wikstroemia pseudoretusa 1 1 Unkonwn Total (14) (): Standing dead trees 24

7 Tale 3 Numers of saplings of all woody species (400 m -2 ) in a m plot. Species Ardisia sieoldii Bischofia javanica Callicarpa supuescens 2 1 Calamus urens Celtis oninensis 1 Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum pseudopedunculatum Calophyllum inophyllum Elaeocarpus photiniifolius Elaeagnus rotundata Euonymus oninensis Hiiscus glaer Livistona chinensis 1 Ligustrum micranthum Machilus oninensis Mangifera indica Machilus kou Morus australis Neolitsea sericea var. aurata Osmanthus insularis Pandanus oninensis Pittosporum oninense Pinus luchuensis Planchonella oovata Psychotria oninensis Psidium guajava 1 Psidium littorale Rhaphiolepis indica Schima mertensiana Syzygium cleyerifolium Tarenna susessilis Trema orientalis 3 Wikstroemia pseudoretusa Umknown Total

8 Appendix 1 List of woody species that occurred in a m plot, and diameters at reast height of trees and heights of samplings of all woody species. a: Individual that was damaged y natural disturances ut survived. Values of DBH or height of the individuals are often lower than those in previous measurement. : Individual that measurement was not conducted ecause of oversight This data is availale on the we site of the Ogasawara Research Committee of Tokyo Metropolitan University as follow: sp. Species name Japanese name family Origin Ars Ardisia sieoldii モクタチバナ Primulaceae native Bij Bijchofia javanica アカギ Pyllanthaceae non-native Cas Callicarpa supuescens オオバシマムラサキ Lamiaceae endemic Cau Calamus urens クジャクヤシ Arececeae non-native Ce Celtis oninensis クワノハエノキ Cannaceae endemic Cic Cinnamomum camphora クスノキ Lauraceae non-native Cip Cinnamomum pseudopedunculatum コヤブニッケイ Lauraceae endemic Cln_d Calophyllum inophyllum (standing dead tree) テリハボク ( 枯死木 ) Clusiaceae native Elp Elpeocarpus photiniaefolius シマホルトノキ laeocarpaceae endemic Elr Elaeagnus rotundata オガサワラグミ Elaeagnaceae endemic Eu Euonymus oninensis ヒメマサキ Celastraceae endemic Hig Hiiscus glaer テリハハマボウ Malvaceae endemic Lic Livistona chinensis オガサワラビロウ Arececeae endemic Lim Ligustrum micranthum ムニンネズミモチ Oleaceae endemic Ma Machilus oninensis ムニンイヌグス Lauraceae endemic Mai Mangifera indica マンゴー Anacardiaceae non-native Mak Machilus kou コブガシ Lauraceae endemic Moa Morus australis シマグワ Moraceae non-native Nes Neolitsea sericea var. aurata キンショクダモ Lauraceae native Osi Osmanthus insularis シマモクセイ Oleaceae native Pa Pandanus oninensis タコノキ Pandaneseae endemic Pi Pittosporum oninense シロトベラ Pittosporaceae endemic Pil Pilus luchuensis リュウキュウマツ Pilaceae non-native Pil_d Pilus luchuensis (standing dead tree) リュウキュウマツ ( 枯死木 ) Pilaceae non-native Plo Plonchonella oovata アカテツ Sapotaceae native Ps Psychotria oninensis オオシラタマカズラ Ruiaceae endemic Psg Psidium guajava バンジロウ Myrtaceae non-native Psl Psidium littorale キバンジロウ Myrtaceae non-native Rhi Rhiphiolepis indica シャリンバイ Rosaceae native Scm Schima mertensiana ヒメツバキ Theaceae endemic Syc Syzygium cleyerifolium ヒメフトモモ Myrtaceae endemic Tas Tarenna susessilis シマギョクシンカ Ruiaceae endemic Tro Trema orientalis ウラジロエノキ Cannaceae native Wip Wikstroemia pseudoretusa ムニンアオガンピ Thymelaeaceae endemic 26

9 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0001 Plo a Plo Rhi a 0004 Plo a Rhi a Bij Rhi Pil Rhi a 0010 Rhi Rhi Plo a 33.0 a 0013 Rhi Pil Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij a a 0019 Elp Rhi Rhi Elp Rhi Rhi Pil Scm Scm Osi Osi Plo a Rhi Rhi

10 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0033 Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim a Pil_d Mak Mak Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Ars Plo Bij Rhi Rhi Mak Mak a 0056 Mak Rhi Lim Rhi a a Mak a Rhi Rhi a Rhi Rhi Plo Plo

11 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0067 Mak Rhi Rhi Mak Rhi a Plo Mak Pa Pa Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Mak Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij a 0087 Bij Lim Pa Rhi Rhi Mai Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij Rhi Rhi Rhi Pa Bij

12 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0102 Rhi Lim Rhi a Lim Lim Plo a Lim Lim Rhi Rhi Lim Bij Rhi Bij Rhi Rhi a a 0118 Bij Rhi Rhi a 0121 Rhi Rhi Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi a Plo Cln_d Cln_d Cln_d Cln_d Cln_d

13 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0136 Cln_d Ars Ars Ars Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij Rhi Lim Bij Mak a Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Mak Rhi Lim a Mak Rhi Pa Pa Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi

14 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0171 Rhi Rhi Rhi a 0174 Rhi 0175 Rhi Mak Mak Bij Bij Mak Mak Mak Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Osi Osi Rhi Rhi Rhi Osi Rhi Bij Bij Osi Rhi Rhi Bij Elr Rhi Mak a 0203 Mak Rhi a 0205 Rhi

15 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0206 Bij Rhi Plo Rhi Lim Rhi Plo Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Plo Lim Scm Scm Scm Rhi Plo Lim Lim Rhi a 0230 Rhi Lim a 0232 Plo Bij Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Ars Ars Ars a 33

16 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0241 Ars a Ars Ars Ars Cip a 0246 Rhi Lim a 0248 Rhi Plo a Lim Lim a Plo a Plo a 0254 Plo Lim Lim Rhi Mak Moa Moa Rhi Rhi a 37.0 a Rhi Lim Ars Ars Ars Ars Ars Ars Rhi Rhi Rhi

17 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0274 Plo Plo a 0276 Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Plo Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim Lim Plo Lim Plo Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Rhi Mak Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi

18 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0309 Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Scm Scm unknown Rhi Lim Plo a 0321 Rhi Plo Rhi Elr Scm Ars unknown Plo Wip Mak Mak Lim Lim Rhi Rhi Bij Plo Plo Rhi Lim Rhi a 0342 Plo Plo a 36

19 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0344 Rhi Lim Rhi a 0347 Lim Lim Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij Mak a a 0357 Rhi Pi Mak Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Lim Mak Mak

20 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0379 Mak Mak Mak Lim Plo Pil Pil_d Rhi Lim Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim Lim Lim Plo a 0396 Rhi Plo Plo Lim Lim a Rhi Plo a 0403 Rhi Rhi Cau Lim a 0407 Plo a 0408 Rhi Lim Lim Mak Lim

21 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0413 Plo Rhi Nes Nes Nes Lim Lim Lim Mak a 0422 Mak unknown Rhi Plo Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Cau Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim Lim Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Cau Cau 39

22 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0448 Cau Cau 0450 Cau 0451 Cau 0452 Mak Mak Mak Rhi Mak Rhi Mak Mak Mak Cau Cau Cau Mak Scm Plo Cau Cau Cau Syc Plo Bij Rhi Plo Rhi Moa Pa Pa Rhi Lim Lim Bij

23 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0483 Bij Bij Lim Lim Scm Bij Ma Rhi Rhi Rhi a Pil_d Plo Plo Scm Scm Scm Osi Osi Osi Osi Plo Rhi Rhi a 0506 Plo Plo Mak Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Plo a Pi Pi Osi

24 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0518 Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Nes Nes Nes Nes Osi Osi Scm Scm Rhi Bij a 0534 Ma Scm Plo Plo Rhi Plo Plo Ars Nes Nes Nes Rhi Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa 0551 Pa

25 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0552 Pa Osi Plo Osi Osi Rhi Rhi Rhi Nes Rhi Bij Osi Bij Psg Rhi Rhi Nes Nes Nes Nes Nes Rhi 0574 Rhi Osi Plo Osi Nes Rhi Bij Plo a 0582 Rhi Pa Rhi Lim Rhi

26 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0587 Rhi Scm Scm Rhi a 0591 Bij Bij Bij Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Bij Rhi Plo Pa Pa Rhi Cic Rhi Plo Rhi Pa Rhi Lim Lim Lim Lim Rhi Pa Rhi a 0618 Lim Rhi a 0620 Rhi Rhi

27 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0622 Lim Nes Nes Mak Plo Bij Bij Plo Plo Rhi Rhi Ars Pa Pa Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Cip Rhi Ars Scm Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi

28 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0657 Plo Rhi a 0659 Scm Pa Rhi Rhi 0663 Scm a 0664 Rhi Osi Scm Ars Mak Lim a 0670 Rhi a Rhi Bij Plo a 0674 Plo Rhi a Rhi Rhi Pil_d Rhi Osi Plo Bij Bij Lim Rhi Plo Scm Scm Rhi Rhi

29 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0691 Rhi Lim Bij Bij Lim Rhi a 78.0 a 0697 Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Lim Plo Lim a 0707 Plo Bij Lim Tas Rhi Rhi Plo Plo a 0715 Plo Plo Lim Rhi a 0719 Plo a 0720 Rhi Plo Lim Ars Plo

30 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0725 Plo Syc Rhi a 0728 Plo a Plo a 0730 Rhi Lim Lim a 0733 Lim Scm Scm Plo Scm Rhi Rhi Lim Lim Lim Lim a Lim a 0745 Plo Lim Rhi a 0748 Rhi a 0749 Lim a Rhi Plo Lim Plo Bij Lim Lim Rhi

31 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0758 Rhi Rhi Plo a Plo a Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi a 0766 Rhi Rhi Lim a 0769 Lim Lim Eu Plo a 0773 Lim Lim Lim Plo Lim Rhi Eu Eu Eu Plo a 0783 Lim Rhi Rhi a 0786 Lim Rhi Scm Plo Plo

32 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0791 Rhi Lim Lim Rhi a Lim Lim Rhi Plo Lim Lim Ars Lim Lim a Lim Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Lim Rhi Lim Scm Lim Lim unknown Lim

33 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0826 unknown unknown Rhi Ars Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim 0834 Rhi Rhi Lim Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Scm Ars Ars Ars Ars Mak Mak Ars Ars Ars Lim Osi Osi Plo Lim Rhi Rhi

34 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0861 Rhi a 0862 Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim Scm Rhi a Eu Rhi Rhi Osi Rhi Bij Bij Plo Rhi Ars Ars Ars Ars Ars Ars Ars Bij Lim Plo Scm Ars Rhi Ars Rhi

35 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0895 Ars Rhi Ars a 0898 Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Mak Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Lim Lim Rhi Ars Plo Cip Rhi Nes a 68.0 a 0915 Nes Lim a 0917 Lim Lim Rhi Mak a Rhi Plo Lim Mak Lim Rhi Plo Lim

36 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0929 Rhi Plo a 0931 Plo Rhi Lim Plo Rhi Rhi Lim Rhi Lim a 0940 Lim Plo Cas Pil_d Lim Lim Mak a 0947 Rhi Rhi Scm Plo Lim Ars Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Pa Pa Bij Rhi Lim Plo Osi

37 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0964 Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Lim Rhi Rhi Rhi Ars Lim Scm Plo Elr Mak Scm Scm Ars Plo Syc Bij Bij Osi Bij Bij Lim Osi a 0991 Rhi Osi Osi Bij Bij a 0996 Lim Rhi Bij

38 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 0999 Bij Bij Nes Nes Bij a Rhi Bij Bij Bij Bij Bij Rhi Bij a Cas a Bij Mak Mak Mak Mak Rhi a 1019 Lim Bij Rhi Bij Pa Lic Bij Scm Bij Plo Plo Rhi Lim Rhi Ars

39 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1034 Ars Ars Rhi Rhi Rhi Mak Plo Pa Wip Plo Rhi Osi Wip Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Wip Rhi Rhi Lim Rhi Scm Scm Rhi a 1059 Rhi Rhi Lim Scm Lim Elr 1065 Elr 1066 Mak 1067 Nes Scm

40 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1069 Bij Rhi Rhi Ars Pa Bij Bij Bij Lim Rhi Rhi Bij Ars Moa Moa Rhi Rhi Bij Bij Bij Rhi Plo Lim a Pa Lim Rhi Plo Lim Cip a Elp Rhi Lim Rhi Rhi Lim

41 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1104 Bij Lim a Lim Lim Bij Plo Lim Lim Cip Cip Cip Rhi Plo a Rhi Lim Lim Rhi Rhi Plo Lim Lim Pa Pa Rhi Scm Rhi Rhi Bij Rhi Bij Bij Bij Bij Ars

42 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1138 Ars Rhi Lim Osi Plo Rhi a Pa Pa Pa Wip Rhi a 1149 Scm Scm Rhi Rhi Rhi Scm Rhi Scm Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi

43 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1173 Nes Rhi Rhi Rhi Ce Rhi Rhi Rhi Plo Bij Rhi unknown a 1185 Nes Rhi Rhi Plo Plo Rhi Lim Lim a 1193 Lim a 1194 Lim a 1195 Lim Lim Scm Bij Lim Bij Ars Bij Rhi a 1204 Plo Rhi Lim Bij

44 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1208 Bij Rhi Rhi Rhi a 1212 Rhi Bij Bij Lim Lim Pa Rhi Lim a 1220 Lim Lim a 1222 Lim Lim Plo Ars Ars Lim Lim a Rhi a Lim Pa Lim Mak Lim a Bij Rhi Lim Cip Lim Lim Lim

45 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1242 Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Lim Rhi Lim Rhi Lim Lim Bij Bij Pa Pa Rhi Scm Rhi Plo Rhi Rhi Psl Psl Rhi Cau Rhi Lim Hig Lim Hig Rhi Hig Hig Rhi Rhi Osi

46 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1278 Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Wip Osi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Rhi Lim Cip Psl Rhi Ars Plo Rhi Rhi Bij Lim Lim Lim Lim Hig Lim Osi unknown Nes Rhi Lim Osi Rhi Rhi

47 Diameter at reast height (cm) Height (cm) 1313 Rhi Rhi Moa Hig Lim Lim Rhi Nes Plo Plo Osi Osi Mak Plo Osi Bij Bij Bij Rhi Rhi Bij Bij Bij Lim Bij Plo Ma Bij Bij Rhi Lim Plo Rhi Lim Rhi

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首都大学東京小笠原研究年報第 39 号 2016 情報は有用な資料と成り得るしかしながらこれまで小笠原において長期かつ定期的に植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況を調査した事例は少ないそこで筆者らは父島自然公園歩道上の植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況を把握することを目的として 2013 年 5

首都大学東京小笠原研究年報第 39 号 2016 情報は有用な資料と成り得るしかしながらこれまで小笠原において長期かつ定期的に植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況を調査した事例は少ないそこで筆者らは父島自然公園歩道上の植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況を把握することを目的として 2013 年 5 研究ノート小笠原の植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況後藤雅文 ( 東京都自然保護指導員 ) 熊本舞子 ( 東京都自然保護指導員 ) 大畑良平 ( 東京都自然保護指導員 ) 福寿兼央 ( 元東京都専門委員 ) 島田律子 ( 元東京都専門委員 ) 要約東京都自然保護指導員は 2013 年 5 月から約 1 年間父島自然公園歩道において植物に対するクマネズミの食害状況調査を行ったその結果 42 種の植物が食害を受けていることを確認した