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1 四面会議ワークショップによる地域コミュニティの地域防災力向上に向けて : インドネシア メラピ地域の事例から 羅貞一, 京都大学大学院都市社会工学専攻岡田憲夫 京都大学教授防災研究所 ontents Introduction The Yonmenkaigi System Method (YSM) Adaptation of YSM to the Development ollaborative Action Plan for Sand Mining Management in Local ommunity Level onclusions 2 Introduction 地域防災力の向上には 自助 共助 公助のネットワーク化と相互補完による多様性戦略が重要である その中で 自助 共助 では 特に個人や地域コミュニティの役割と助け合いが役に立つことと また 様々な主体が参加しているリスクコミュニケーション過程においては, 初期状態における各主体間の情報の共有が重要である ( 岡田 2006) 阪神大震災以来 日本では地域コミュニティの防災力向上を目指して住民参加を支援する方法の一つとして 参加型ワークショップの手法が広く使われている 四面会議システム (YSM) は地域コミュニティの防災力向上のために 協働的な行動計画づくりの参加型ワークショップ手法として提案されている 四面会議システムはもともと鳥取県智頭町の山間過疎地域の活性化計画づくりの手法として 地域住民によってその原型が開発され それを地域コミュニティの防災計画づくりに適用している 2009 年のインドネシア メラピ火山の地域コミュニティの砂利採掘管理の活動を支援するために四面会議システムが活用されていた 3 四面会議システムのプロセス特徴 四面会議システムは以下の一連のプロセスから成り立っている SWOT 分析 A 四面会議図 P D ディベート A 行動計画図 問題意識の共有 (SWOT 分析 Brainstorming KJ 法 ): 現状診断 限界と問題点を認識共有 議論が必要な問題やテーマを選択 意見と情報を交換 : 協働計画を立てる ( 四面会議図 ) 個人の考えや認識が皆の考えに転換及び共有 状況に合う行動計画案を決める : 行動計画の策定 (Action Plan) 上記の方法は 参加者自らが現状を診断しながら共通の問題点を認識し 解決策の選択などの意思決定を行う Three stages of YSM procedures SWOT Analysis What do we know?( 現状診断 ) Yonmenkaigi hart Debating 参加者は次に対して議論する : What should we do? What can we do? How/What can we work together? 四面会議ワークショップで参加者はこのようなプロセスからお互いに情報と知識を共有する その上 目標達成のために行動計画案を作成する The Yonmenkaigi hart as a ore Tool of ommunication Media Group (Soft Logistics) Plan c Group A (Management) Plan a Theme Beyond 1 Year Within 1 Year Plan b Plan d Within 6 Months Within 3 Months Group B (PR, Information) (Hard Logistics) Group D ( 全体の計画内容を 4 つの行動要素に分割し これを四面の役割または機能として分担し 後でこれらを統合する点が特徴である マネジメント, 情報, 人的資源, 物的資源 四面会議システムは 参加者が状況分析後 現状や地域性に応じるテーマやシナリオを考え 時間軸で行動計画し その実践可能性をグループで相互ディベートして実現可能案にいくことが独創性として挙げられる 6 1

2 (1/0 村おこし運動 鳥取県智頭町 ) ( 京都市中京区朱八自主防災組織 2008) ( 開村式 鳥取県智頭町山郷地区 2008) PEED Project とは? Project Period: Dec Mar インドネシア ジョグジャカルタ メラピ地域 Objective: - コミュニティレベルで適合な砂利採掘管理と災害管理に対するフレームワークの確立と検討 omponents: - P: Pilot Project - E: Events (Disaster Education & Merapi Festival) - ED: Evacuation Drill Edit from Recommendation for Future ommunity-based Sand Mining and Disaster Management, Uehata 201 From sand mining handbook by Yec 砂利採掘 (Sand Mining) による被害 Pilot Project Objective: - 砂利管理のための地域コミュニティ組織の設立 - 行政機関との砂利採掘管理に関する業務分担と協業 - 砂利管理の活動計画とマニュアルの検討 - Activity:( 現状では ) しかし 2006 年からの活動開始以来組織の設立以外は 2009 年までは具体的な活動はあまりなかった BANJIR Edit from Recommendation for Future ommunity-based Sand Mining and Disaster Management, Uehata 201 2

3 14 Pilot Project の活動 Preparation for Implementation of Field Activity Selection of Model s 1. Kepuharjo, Sleman Regency 2. Sindumartani, Sleman Regency 3. Kemiren, Magelang Regency 四面会議が使われた Formulation of Action Plan Implementation of Field Activities Argo Rahayu Sindumulyo Establishment of ommunity Institution 1. Argo Rahayu, Kepuharjo 2. Sindumulyo, Sndumartani 3. Bumi Lestari, Kemiren Bumi Lestari Profile of Sand Miners Mapping for Reclamation Truck Survey Review and Evaluation of Pilot Project From Recommendation for Future ommunity-based Sand Mining and Disaster Management, Uehata 2010 四面会議システムの導入の目的と挑戦 ( 四面会議システムを使って )Pilot Project を活性するために 1. インドネシアの Gadjah Mada 大学 (UGM) に四面会議システムを紹介する : 現地ファシリテーターの育成 2. ( 地域コミュニティ自らの参加で ) 地域コミュニティレベルのSand Mining Management 活動を実践するための行動計画案を作成する YSM Program In Pilot Project Part 1: Facilitator Training s Program of YSM Instructor Facilitator andidates for YSM Kepuharjo Kemiren Sindumartani As Local ommunicators for PP Assistant + Facilitators andidates Part 2: YSM Workshop for Developing ollaborative Action Plan Facilitator Training s Program of YSM for Facilitator andidates of UGM April, 2009 May, 2009 京大から派遣された講師により 3 ヶ月間にわたって行った June, 2009 Special Procedures Developed to Implement YSM Workshops in Pilot Project YSM of Local ommunity Preparation for : Share of Awareness & Need f for SMM SWOT & Strategy SWOT & Strategy : Making Action Plan YS & Debating Processes of YSM ollaborative Action to Implementation for SMM Implementation of YSM YSM of UGM Preparation for Workshop using YSM A: 地域コミュニティ間の問題認識の共有 Preparation Workshop k hfor B: 地域コミュニティレベルの 行動計画の作成 using YSM Facilitator of YSM for Implementation of Facilitator of YSM by UGM Training of YSM SMM: sand mining management YSM:Yonmenkaigi system method GMU:Gadjah Mada University Implementation of YSM in Pilot Project Implementation of YSM YSM of Local ommunity Preparation In Aug, 2009 : Share of awareness & need to SMM Processes of YSM SWOT & Strategy In Aug, 2009 : Making action plan YS & Debating In Oct, 2009 Field activity to SMM in 12, Aug, 2009 Topics of s: 1.Kemiren Sand Mining Truck Survey 2.Sindumartani Mapping of the Potential Location for Reclamation 3.Kepuharjo Profile of Sand Mining Activity SMM: Sand Mining Management YSM:Yonmenkaigi System Method ase study: Kemiren village of Merapi volcano (August 19, 2009) Kemiran はメラピ火山の上流に位置している コミュニティ組織は Bumi Lestari で永遠の地球の意味である Bumi Lestari 組織は 災害管理 砂利採掘管理 農業 観光の四つの分野で構成されている (2009,7) Population 1,141 Household 307 Area Ha Kemiren village Mt. Merapi Scale1:

4 Kemiren Yonmenkaigi Workshop Date 19 August 2009 Time 約 3 時間 Place Kemiren Participants Number : 13 Kemiren rs Topic Sand dmining i Truck Survey Facilitator Recorder Main : Aris who : Fika Sub: Mimbar, Didik, Pras, Nunung How : amera, Handy am 参加者の構成 Bumi Lestari (5) Government Staffs(6) UGM (5) Head of Local Youth Organization (2) Time Frames and the Roles in Yonmenkaigi hart of the October 4 th Week (1 Week): 評価 October 1 st ~3 rd Week (3 Weeks): 実施 Human Resource PR & Information 2009 September (4 Weeks): 準備 Management Physical Resource 2 ヶ月間の行動計画案を作成 ase study: Kemiren village of Merapi Volcano ase study: ase study: Kemiren village of Merapi volcano 2.SWOT 3. YS 4. Debating 5.AP 2.SWOT 3. YS 4. Debating 5.AP S 1.Have an office 2.Already legalized 3. on the environment of survey 4.Sufficient Human Resources 5.Members of Bumi LEstari were former truck driver 6.Having conducted survey before O 1.Safe and quiet (condusive) condition 2.Assistance from GMU, Kyoto Univ, and YE 3.Support from Government 4.Support from villagers 5.Support from related government agency 6.Proactive truck drivers 7.Most truck drivers know Bumi Lestari members W 1.ommunication is not good 2.Not familiar with survey method T 1.Many activities 2.Local truck driver 3.Unsupportive villagers 4.Disaster SWOT 分析から戦略を立てる 1. 活動の目標は一週間に Bebeng 川地区内で砂利採掘作業を行っているトラックがどのぐらいあるのかを調査すること. 2. 対象は Kemiren 村を通過するトラック 3. 調査の財源は Bumi Lestari と村から用意する Debating for ollaboration YM after Debating M 行動計画図 ( 抜粋 Kemiran ) I. September 2009 (1 month) II. October 2009 (3 weeks) III. October 2009 (1 week) Meeting with related government agencies (M+I) Implementation of field task (M+S) Making report on the whole data (M+S) Establishing committee (M+S) Survey on where the trucks come from arrying out workshop (M+S+I) Proposal ompilation (M+H) ollecting survey data daily (M+S) arrying out follow up plan Agenda Planning (M+I, arrange from Sept 09) Making invitation for implementation Making evaluation meeting invitation for Making workshop invitation meeting through TPS (Sukamto) meeting (I+S) Making invitation for committee establishment Making survey format I 担当者の名前も入れた Drawing conclusion of evaluation results (I+S) Determining survey personnel (Agung, Yusuf, Sutarno) Data receiver (Yusuf, Nurohman, Istiarno) Report ompilation S Preparation of base camp establishment (Yusuf S, Heri) Distributing logistic (Salem) ommunication Preparation (Iswahyanto, Istiarno) H Equipment Survey Procurement of something Preparing of workshop Procurement of uniforms Survey on trucks that are already recorded Preparing food for the consumption 行動計画案の実施 Kemiren Sand Mining Truck Survey Sindumarutani Mapping of the Potential Location for Reclamation Kepuharjo Profile of Sand Mining Activity 4

5 ワークショップ A B からの APD サイクル 発表と評価 : 1 週間 :10 月 4 週 活動の実施 : 3 週間 10 月 1 週 ~3 週 heck & Action Do 計画と事前準備 : 4 週間 9 月 Plan 現状の共有と目標の設定 heck & Action APD ycle to implementation of Field Activity 考察 参加者特性を考慮した新しいスタイルのファシリテーションの提案 実行時間の制約 理解の向上 文化 慣習の理解 Sub-facilitatorの導入 Main facilitatorを支援 : 進行と運営を手伝う 参加者の参加を活性化 : ガイド 意見の代書 Sub Facilita ator for Group Sub Facilitator for Group B Main Facilitator Sub Facilitator for Group A Participants of Local ommunity + Sub Facilitator of UGM 各グループの構成 b Facilitator or Group D Su fo 考察 お互いの知識ギャップを補う 知識開発の生成 UGM と地域コミュニティの新しい人材の発掘 YSM Research Group DPRI, KU Training Workshop Pilot Project Team, UGM Local Workshop Local ommunity in Mt.Merapi onclusions 四面会議システムはメラピ地域のコミュニティの防災力向上を目指す参加型ワークショップ手法として協働的行動計画の作成のために適用された 四面会議ワークショップは地域コミュニティの参加者は砂利採掘活動のための問題認識から協働の行動計画の開発まで地域コミュニティ力を強化する効果的な手段として提供された 地域コミュニティの参加者の特性を考慮して四面会議ワークショップのプロセスやマネジメントを変えた 地域コミュニティと外部支援組織が連携して問題意識の生成から一緒に参加する協働 同活動は ローカルコミュニティレベルの取り組み能力を向上させる重要な要素である 課題としては より対象地域の特性を生かす四面会議システムの改良やファシリテーターの育成 持続的なコミュニティへの活用プロセスなどがある 28 ご清聴ありがとうございます njiworld@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp 5

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