Fig.. Geological map of the central Kanto Plain (after Sugiyama et al., 1997) and the location of the Otone well and other borehole sites r

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1 Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 119, No. 5, p , May 2013 JOI: DN/JST.JSTAGE/geosoc/ doi: /geosoc m Chronostratigraphy of 1505 m long hot spring well drilled in the central Kanto Plain, central Japan Abstract Tomonori Naya, Chikara Hiramatsu, Akira Furusawa, Yukio Yanagisawa and Kazuo Yamaguchi Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan JAPEX Reseach Center, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd., Hamada, Mihamaku Chiba , Japan Furusawa Geological Survey Co Ltd., 93-7 Yashiki, Tosaki, Okazaki, Aichi , Japan The chronostratigraphy of a m deep hot spring well drilled in Otone town, Saitama Prefecture, in the central Kanto Plain of Japan, was determined by tephrostratigraphy, and calcareous nannofossil and diatom biostratigraphy and is correlated with Neogene and Quaternary sequences that outcrop within the Kanto Plain area. Units A (depth m), B E (depth m), and F (depth m) correlate with the Middle Miocene Hiki Group of the Hiki Hills, the Middle Late Miocene Tokigawa Group of the Hiki and Iwadono hills and the Late Pliocene Pleistocene Kazusa and Shimosa groups of the Boso Peninsula, respectively. The Niwaya unconformity is thought to separate Units A and B, and the Kurotaki unconformity correlates with the base of Unit F. The base of the Kazusa Group has also been identified in the Kazo Shobu Line seismic section and reaches a maximum depth of ca. m at Shobu town. Keywords: Neogene, Quaternary, Kanto Plain, tephrochronology, biostratigraphy, calcareous nannofossil, diatom, hot spring well, cuttings Corresponding author: T. Naya, t-naya@aist.go.jp,, 1987;, m Fig. 1;, 2002;, 2006, 2004a, 2004b,, Ma 3 Ma 3, 2006 The Geological Society of Japan m, N, E m Fig cc

2 Fig.. Geological map of the central Kanto Plain (after Sugiyama et al., 1997) and the location of the Otone well and other borehole sites referred to in this study: TB = Tatebayashi well, GD = Gyoda core, SB = GS-SB-1 core, WM = Washimiya core, KJ = Kawajima core, KK = Kasukabe core, FS = Fukasaku A-1 core, IT = Iwatsuki well, KS = GS- KS-1 core, KGH = Koshigaya Higashi core, A.F. = Ayasegawa Fault. Table 1 Table 1 1 Table 1 m 10 m 200 m 50 cc 200 m Fig. 2, A Fig. 2, B, 6 A F F m 0 4 m 239 m m E m E m F D m C m m B m C, A 2 A m

3 m 377 Table. Lithofacies documented in original drill logs and assigned to drill cuttings for the Otone well, and the depths at which each observation was taken; N = samples for nannofossil identification, D = samples for diatom identification, T = samples for tephra analysis, * = based on drilling reports, ** = observed during this study m 60 C mm 1976

4 Fig.. Stratigraphic section for the Otone well, showing the distribution of selected calcareous nannofossils and diatoms within this borehole; A = lithology documented in the original drilling logs, B = lithology based on observation of drill cuttings. The calcareous nannofossil zonation is based on Okada and Burkry (1980), and the diatom zonation is based on Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998).

5 m 379 MAIOT, 1995 X EDX EMAX ENERGY EX-250 HORIBA S3000H HITACHI 15 kv 0.3 na 150 nm 4 μm 150 ZAF g 100 cc cc 18 mm 18 mm present + 1 Okada and Bukry 1980 Gradstein et al Sato et al R rare F few C common A abundant VA very abundant 5 VP very poor P poor M moderate G good VG very good m Akiba 1986 unprocessed strewn slide Chaetoceros 100 present + Akiba 1986 Yanagisawa and Akiba 1998 NPD D D10 D120 Watanabe and Yanagisawa 2005 Gradstein et al m 2009 B Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1988, 1991 Vos and De Wolf Witkowski et al m 5 mm T Table 2 n TiO % CaO 0.26% Table 3 SK030, 1981, Kurokawa and Hirata, 1986, 2003;, 2011 SK030 n m Table 2 EDX SK ICP m TiO 2 CaO Table m WM KK

6 Table. Petrographic characteristics of the Otone and SK030 or Joetsu tephras; the shape of glass shards is based on the morphologic classification of Yoshikawa (1976). Table. EDX-determined normalized chemical composition of volcanic glass shards within the Otone and SK030 tephras. 3 m 2011 SK m, 1987;, Ma Ma 1.12 Ma Table m m m m m Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, G. oceanica Gephyrocapsa 75% CN14 G. parallela CN14 Emiliania huxleyi CN14 CN14a/b Pseudoemiliania lacunosa CN14b, 2006;, 2007 Sato et al CN14b 265 ka 451 ka m m m m m m 6 Reticulofenestra 7 μm R. gelida R. pseudoumbilicus Coccolithus pelagicus m m Sphenolithus heteromorphus Cyclicargolithus floridanus CN5a m, m m C. floridanus Coccolithus miopelagicus C. miopelagicus Martini 1971 NN7 NN8 CN5b CN6 Takayama and Sato, 1987 C. miopelagicus CN5 CN8, 1997 Young 1998 NN7 CN5 CN6 C. miopelagicus CN5 CN Ma 3 CN5b m m C. miopelagicus CN6 CN11 Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus CN6 CN11 Discoaster

7 m 381 Table. Calcareous nannofossils from the Otone well. Ceratolithus Amaurolithus Sphenolithus moriformis CN9 Young, m m m Reticulofenestra C. pelagicus Dictyococcites C. florida- nus 1% S. heteromorphus CN3 CN4 CN3 CN4 Helicosphaera ampliaperta H. scissura CN Table m m m m m m m m m m m 4 28 m Fig. 2, Table 5 Aulacoseira ambigua A. pusilla Stephanodiscus spp. Achnanthedium spp. Gomphonema spp. Pinnularia spp. Diadesmis contenta Hantzschia amphioxys Luticola mutica Actinocyclus normanii f. subsalsa Cyclotella baltica Paralia sulcata Diploneis smithii Pseudopodosira kosugii Tryblionella granulata m Thalassionema nitzschioides NPD5C

8 Table. Diatoms from the Otone well

9 Table. Continued m 383

10 Ma Denticulopsis hustedtii D55.2 NPD5C 11.2 Ma m Ma Fig. 3 Sphenolithus heteromorphus Ma Cyclicargolithus floridanus Ma Coccolithus miopelagicus Ma ca. 1.2 Ma CN14b ka A m CN Ma B m A CN4 CN5a CN5b CN4/CN5a S. heteromorphus Ma m CN5a/CN5b Ma m Fig Ma 107 m 270 C m CN5b C Ma Ma D m CN6 11 NPD5C Ma E m F m F m 1.12 Ma m CN14b ka m 1.12 Ma F, 2008 Blow, 1969 N.8 N.8 post N.8, Fig. 1, 1950;, 1980;, 1985;, 1989;, 1991, 2004;, Fig Ma, 2008

11 m 385 Fig.. Age vs. depth plots for the Otone well based on microfossil geochronology and tephrochronology; diatom zones of Akiba (1986) and Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), calcareous nannofossil zones of Okada and Bukry (1980), and Late Pliocene Pleistocene nannofossil biohorizons of Sato et al. (2009) are correlated with the geomagnetic polarity timescale of Gradstein et al. (2004).

12 Fig.. Chronostratigraphic correlation of Neogene and Quaternary sequences intersected within the Otone well and in the Hiki Hills, Iwadono Hills and Boso Peninsula areas of the Kanto Plain; diatom zones of Akiba (1986) and Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), calcareous nannofossil zones of Okada and Bukry (1980), late Pliocene Pleistocene nannofossil biohorizons of Sato et al. (2009), and the planktonic foraminiferal zones of Blow (1969) are correlated with the geomagnetic polarity timescale of Gradstein et al. (2004).

13 m 387 Majima and Takahashi, 1987,, Ma, Ma, Ma, 2004 NPD4A Ma, 2002a, b CN3 4, 2004 D Ma D43 D Ma, 2004 CN3 4, 2004 Blow, 1969 N.8 Hayashi et al Ma Hayashi et al., 2003 S. heteromorphus Ma NPD5B D51 D Ma, 2003, Ma Ma K Ar Takahashi et al., 2004 CN5a, 2003 NPD5B, 1994 NPD5B NPD5C, 1994 NPD5C D55.8 D Ma, Ma Ma Kobayashi et al., Ma, 2004, 1950,, 1985, Ma 2.2 Ma 3.7 Ma, m, 1994;, 2008a, b, 2005;, 2009, 2009, 1975, GS-KS m, 2009 MIS 12, 1980;, Ma Brunhes Matuyama chron KJ FS GS-SB-1 SB KK WM KGH GD Fig m 280 m, 1994;, 1996;, 2009;, 2012 SK030, 2011 Matuyama

14 Gauss chron 320 m 535 m, A CN4 CN4 CN3 4 Fig. 4 A CN3 4, 2004 A CN4 Sphenolithus heteromorphus B m Fig. 2 CN5a S. heteromorphus, 2003 Hayashi et al. 2003,, 2008 B Fig. 3 S. heteromorphus S. heteromorphus m, Ma, 2003 CN4 CN4 B B B CN4 CN5a CN5a, 2003 B B C CN5b CN5b NPD5B NPD5C Fig. 4 D CN6 11 NPD5C Ma NPD5C, 2003 D Fig. 4 E 2 F m CN14b ka MIS12 40, 2001 F 4 m 327 m F m 600m 10 km GD 611 m Matuyama, 2011;, Kazo1, Shobu1, 2008 GS-SB m 600 m Matuyama CN14b m m 600 m 2.1 Ma Fig. 3 CN14b 135 m GD WM GS-SB-1 SB 178 m 151 m 164 m, E F 327 m

15 m 389 D F, 2006 D F F m 600 m Matuyama D F 600 m Fig. 3 C 1 C 3 D F E D F 600 m E Fig. 3 U 1 F Fig. 3 U 2 2 D, 1989 D E D E D E D E E, 2007 E F Fig.. Stratigraphic correlations between sequences within the Otone, Tatebayashi, and Iwatsuki wells and the Washimiya and Kasukabe drillcores; these correlations are based on calcareous nannofossil horizons and the location of the Joetsu tephra layer. F F 327 m F 773 m 2.7 Ma Fig Ma 3.7 Ma, 2007 D F F E, 2006 F Otsubo et al., 2011

16 390 納谷 友規ほか Fig. 6. Integration and stratigraphic interpretation of a seismic section along the Kazo1 Shobu1 line (Yamaguchi et al., 2008); this is a depth section with tenfold vertical exaggeration. 関東平野地下の長尺ボーリングとの対比 反射法断面との対応 次に 関東平野中央部地下における地層の深度分布を概観 山口ほか 2008 は 大利根温泉ボーリングの南西約 3 km するため 大利根温泉ボーリングを含む 5 本のボーリング を起点とする測線で反射法地震探査を実施している Fig. を対比し 模式的な地質断面図を作成した Fig. 5 使用し 1 そこで ここでは山口ほか 2008 によって報告された 反射法深度断面 Kazo1, Shobu1 測線 と大利根温泉ボーリ ングとの対応を検討した Fig. 6 この断面からは GSSB-1 コア付近で最も深くなる向斜状の構造を読み取ること たのは 館林観測井 TB 林ほか, 2004a 大利根温泉 ボーリング 本研究 鷲宮コア WM 納谷ほか, 2012 春日部コア KK 小林 関東火山灰グループ, 2003, 納谷 ほか, 2012 岩槻観測井 IT 柳沢ほか, 2006 である ができ 上総層群基底と上越火山灰層準の深度が地下に連続 この断面から 都幾川層群相当層基底 庭谷不整合 と上総 的に追跡できる この断面に基づけば 上総層群基底 黒滝 層群相当層基底 黒滝不整合 の深度は 北西から南東に向 不整合に相当する は GS-SB-1 コア付近でおよそ深度 1000 かって徐々に深くなることがわかる ただし 大利根温泉 m に存在すると推定できる しかし 都幾川層群基底 庭谷 ボーリングと館林観測井では 深度 1000 m 以深が側方に 不整合 に相当する深度は 反射面が明瞭でないために詳し 連続しない すなわち 大利根温泉ボーリングでは 深度 く読み取れない また この測線は活断層である綾瀬川断層 1300 m 以深に比企層群相当層 グラーベン埋積堆積物 が分 を横切っており 図の左端近傍では反射面の連続性は追跡で 布するのに対し 館林観測井では 都幾川層群相当層の下位 きない に 直接先新第三系の基盤岩類が分布する このように 本研究による大利根温泉ボーリングの解析に 従来 現在の利根川に沿って 利根川構造線が想定されて よって この付近の地下 1505 m までの年代層序が明らか おり 横ずれ断層と推定されている 高橋ほか, 2006 大利 になったことにより これまで地下地質との対応が分からな 根温泉ボーリングと館林観測井における 1000 m 以深の不 かった反射法地震探査断面の解釈が初めて可能となった 掘 連続は 両地点の間に利根川構造線が存在する可能性を示唆 削深度が 1000 m を超える学術ボーリングは本数が非常に する 少ないため 深度地下の地質構造を直接知る情報は限られて 一方 上越火山灰および下総層群基底深度は 鷲宮コアに いる 千代延ほか 2007 で指摘されたように 温泉ボーリ おいて若干深いものの この断面ではほぼ水平に近いことが ング試料を積極的に活用することにより 関東平野地下の中 読み取れる 新統 更新統の分布と地質構造の解明に有用な情報が得られ

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18 Earth Sci. Chikyu Kagaku, 57, Kobayashi, M., Saito, T. and Okitsu, S., 2011, Zircon fissiontrack ages of the Miocene Yagii Formation, Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, and their palaeoecological significance. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 117, 晛 Koike, M., Takei, K., Shimono, T., Machida, J., Akimoto, K., Hashiya, I., Yoshino, H. and Hirakoso, S., 1985, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 91, Krammer, K. and Lange-Bertalot, H., 1988, Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. and Mollenhauer, D., eds., Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/2. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 596p.* Krammer, K. and Lange-Bertalot, H., 1991, Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. and Mollenhauer, D., eds., Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/3. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena. 576p.* Kurihara, Y., Horiuchi, S. and Yanagisawa, Y., 2003, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 109, Kurokawa, K., Endo, A. and Kinoshita, Y., 1981, Earch Sci. Chikyu Kagaku, 35, Kurokawa, K. and Hirata, I., 1986, Grain-size characteristics of the Joetsu Ash Unit I, a subaqueous ash flow turbidite of Early Pleistocene. Mem. Fac. Educ. Niigata Univ. Nat. Sci., no. 28, Machida, H., Arai, F. and Sugihara, S., 1980, Quatern. Res., 19, Majima, R., 1989,, Geosci. Rep. Shizuoka Univ., 15, 1 24 Majima, R. and Takahashi, H., Miocene mollusks from the Kozono Formation, Saitama Prefecture, central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., 148, Martini, E., 1971, Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. In Farinacci, A., ed., Proceedings of 2nd Planktonic Conference Roma, 1970 Proceedings 2, Tecno-scienza, Matsumaru, K. and Hayashi, A., 1980, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 86, Mizuno, K. and Naya, T., 2011,, 22,, Annual Report of Investigation on Geology and Active Faults in the Coastal Zone of Japnan, GSJ Interim Report, no. 56, Nakazato, H. and Sato, H., 2001, Quatern. Res., 40, Nakazawa, T. and Nakazato, H., 2005, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 111, Nakazawa, T., Nakazato, H., Oshima, H. and Horiuchi, S., 2009, GS-KS-1 MIS12 Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 115, Naya, T., Hachinohe, S., Matsushima, H. and Mizuno, K., 2012, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 63, Naya, T., Yamaguchi, M. and Mizuno, K., 2009, 350 m GS-SB-1 Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 60, Nirei, H., Higuchi, S., Hara, Y. and Furuno, K., 1975, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 81, Ohira, H., 2004, FT Monog. Assoc. Geol. Collab. Japan, no. 52, Okada, H. and Bukry, D., 1980, Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation Bukry, 1973; Mar. Micropaleontl., 5, Otsubo, M., Yamaguchi, N., Nomura, S., Kimura, N. and Naruse, H., 2011, Basal slip plane of the Kurotaki unconformity in the Boranohana area along the Pacific coast of the Boso Peninsula, Central Japan. Island Arc, 20, Saitama Prefecture, 1996, Report on active fault survey of Saitama Prefecture,, 200p Sato, T., Chiyonobu, S. and Hodell, D. A., 2009, Quaternary calcareous nannofossil datums and biochronology in the North Atlantic Ocean, IODP Site U1308. Proc. IODP, 303, 1 9. Sato, T, Kameo, K. and Mita, I., 1999, Earch Sci. Chikyu Kagaku, 53, Sato, T., Takayama, T., Kato, M. and Kudo, T., 1987, 1 Jour. Japan. Assoc. Pet. Technol., 52, Sugiyama, Y., Sugai, T., Imura, R., Mizuno, K., Endo, H., Shimokawa, K. and Yamazaki, H., 1997, Neotectonic Map. Explanatory Text of the Neotectonic Map Tokyo 2nd Edition, scale 1: 500,000, Suto, I., Takahashi, M. and Yanagisawa, Y., 2002a, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 108, Suto, I., Takahashi, M. and Yanagisawa, Y., 2003, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 109, Suto, I., Yanagisawa, Y. and Takahashi, M., 2002b,, Jour. Japan. Assoc. Pet. Technol., 67, Suzuki, H., 2002, Rep. Nat. Res. Inst. Earth Sci. Disaster Prev., 63, 2 19 Takahashi, M., 2008,,, 3 Monograph Geology of Japan, Vol 3. Kanto, Asakura Publ., Takahashi, M., Hayashi, H., Kasahara, K. and Kimura, H., 2006, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 112, Takahashi, M. and Yanagisawa, Y., 2004,

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20 m Naya, T., Hiramatsu, C., Furusawa, A., Yanagisawa, Y. and Yamaguchi, K., 2013, Chronostratigraphy of 1505 m long hot spring well drilled in the central Kanto Plain, central Japan. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan,, m A m B E m F m A B E F Kazo1, Shobu m Explanation of Plate Plate I Calcareous nannofossils photo 1. Gephyrocapsa parallela Hay & Beaudry, depth m 2. Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (Gartner) Gartner, depth m 3. Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth & Hay) Bukry, depth m 4. Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry, depth m 5, 6. Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre, depth m Diatom photo 7. Cyclotella baltica (Grunow) Håkansson, depth m. 8. Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve, depth m. 9. Tryblionella granulata (Grunow) D. G. Mann, depth m. 10. Actinocyclus ingens f. ingens (Rattray) Whiting & Schrader, depth m. 11. Denticulopsis hustedtii (Simonsen & Kanaya) Simonsen, depth m. 12. Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky, depth m. 13. Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, depth m 14. Stephanodiscus sp., depth m 15. Gomphonema sp., depth m 16. Luticola mutica (Kützing) D. G. Mann, depth m.

21 Plate I

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