1

3

2 4 1983 2 1979 04 1 03 GDP 9.1% 1 GDP 1,000 04 3 10 04 01 12 WTO WTO 4

3 3 1979 1973 1974 1978 1978 11 1979 1982 1982 1984 1988 1989 1989 1998 SEPA 5

1979 1989 3 1,000 9 SEPA 10 1982 6 5 5 6

1993 199100 1996 9 5 10 01 10 5 1996 9 5 00 9 5 1996 8 9 5 3 3 1 10 9 5 00 1995 01 10 5 5 05 00 10 05 45 05 SO 2 00 7

03 7 8

33211 SO 2 SO 2 0 0 1982 1989 SEPA 1,000 03 10 05 1999 SEPA 02 10 03 9 02 6 03 1 04 9

1974 1989 12 1 6 1 4 3 47 10

1987 1995 00 2 00 4 9 9 00 2 00 1 2 1984 6 1996 3 1982 1999 1 3 4 1995 1996 11

3 Hazardous Waste 3 1998 The National Catalogues of Hazardous Wastes PCB 1 04 1996 1997 1990 6 10 Leq (A) 55 (A) 1982 03 7 4 02 03 3 12

03 1 03 10 EU ISO101 ISO100 ISO101 03 12 5,064 1 3,000 2 2 01 1,000 10 ISO101 1997 4 1998 ISO100 CNCA CNAB JAB ISO9000 118 78 Environmental Certification Center of SEPA 13

03 ISO101 0 ISO101 1 0 10 ISO101 3 45 7 1 ISO101 12 5 5 5 SEPAState Environmental Protection Administration EPBEnvironmental Protection Bureau 1974 1982 1984 1998 SEPA 10 210 14

21 1979 08 10 15

16

17

SO 2 NO X 100 TSPTotal Suspended Particulate Matters 3 1998 110 km 2 11 03 00 9 5 18

2 8 1996 1997 1997 1 1 1997 1 1 121 33 0 1 mg/m 3 1 kg/h 3 0mg/m 3 1mg/m 3 700mg/m 3 100mg/m 3 0.7mg/m 3 0mg/m 3 12mg/m 3 0mg/m 3 19

121 1997 1 1 kg/h No. mg/m 3 m mg/m 3 9 1 5 15 70 80 90 100 2.6 4.3 15 25 39 55 77 110 1 170 3.5 6.6 22 38 58 83 1 1 0 270 1 0. 10 2 2 15 70 80 90 100 0.77 1.3 4.4 7.5 12 16 23 31 52 1.2 2.0 6.6 11 18 25 35 47 61 78 0.12 18 15 0.51 0.85 3.4 5.8 0.74 1.3 5.0 8.5 2 15 1.9 3.1 12 21 2.6 4.5 18 31 1.0 3 1 0 15 3.5 5.9 23 39 85 5.0 8.5 34 59 94 1 1.0 4 100 80 700 15 70 80 0.26 0.43 1.4 2.6 3.8 5.4 7.7 10 0.39 0.65 2.2 3.8 5.9 8.3 12 16 0.

21 5 0.070 15 0.008 0.013 0.043 0.076 0.12 0.16 0.012 0.0 0.066 0.12 0.18 0.25 0.00 4 6 45 15 70 80 1.5 2.6 8.8 15 23 33 46 63 2.4 3.9 13 23 35 70 95 1.2 90 7 9.0 1.0.0 15 70 80 0.10 0.17 0.59 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.1 4.2 0.15 0.26 0.88 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.7 6.3 g/m 3 8 65 25 70 80 0.52 0.87 2.9 5.0 7.7 11 15 0.78 1.3 4.4 7.6 12 17 23 0. 9 0.70 15 70 80 90 100 0.004 0.006 0.027 0.047 0.072 0.10 0.15 0. 0.26 0.33 0.006 0.009 0.041 0.071 0.11 0.15 0.22 0. 0. 0.51 0.00 10 0.012 15 1.810-3 3.110-3 1010-3 1810-3 2810-3 3910-3 2.810-3 4.610-3 1610-3 2710-3 4110-3 5910-3 0.0012

22 11 0.85 1.0 15 70 80 0.0 0.090 0. 0. 0.77 1.1 1.5 2.1 0.080 0.13 0.44 0.77 1.2 1.7 2.3 3.2 0.0 12 0.012 15 70 80 1.110-3 1.810-3 6.210-3 1110-3 1510-3 2310-3 3310-3 4410-3 1.710-3 2.810-3 9.410-3 1610-3 2510-3 3510-3 10-3 6710-3 0.0008 13 4.3 15 70 80 0.15 0.26 0.88 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.6 6.3 0.24 0.34 1.3 2.3 3.5 5.0 7.0 10 0.0 14 8.5 15 70 80 0.31 0.52 1.8 3.0 4.6 6.6 9.3 13 0.47 0.79 2.7 4.6 7.0 10 14 19 0.24 15 12 0 15 0.5 0.9 2.9 5.6 0.8 1.3 4.4 7.6 0. 16 15 3.1 5.2 18 4.7 7.9 27 46 2.4

23 17 70 15 1.0 1.7 5.9 1.0 1.5 2.6 8.8 15.0 1.2 18 100 15 0.10 0.17 0.58 1.0 1.5 2.2 0.15 0.26 0.88 1.5 2.3 3.3 0.08 19 25 15 0.26 0.43 1.4 2.6 3.8 5.4 0.39 0.65 2.2 3.8 5.9 8.3 0. 125 15 0.05 0.09 0.29 0. 0.77 1.1 0.08 0.13 0.44 0.77 1.2 1.6 0.04 21 22 15 0.77 1.3 4.4 7.5 12 16 1.2 2.0 6.6 11 18 25 0. 22 16 15 0.52 0.87 2.9 5.0 7.7 11 0.78 1.3 4.4 7.6 12 17 0. 23 1.9 15 80 0.15 0.26 0.88 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.6 0.24 0.39 1.3 2.3 3.5 5.0 7.0 0.024 24 190 15 5.1 8.6 29 77 100 7.8 13 44 70 1 170 12

24 25 15 0.52 0.87 2.9 5.0 7.7 11 0.78 1.3 4.4 7.6 12 17 0. 26 15 70 80 90 100 0.52 0.87 2.5 4.3 6.6 9.3 13 18 23 29 0.78 1.3 3.8 6.5 9.9 14 27 35 44 0. 27 16 15 0.05 0.09 0.29 0. 0.77 1.1 0.08 0.13 0.44 0.77 1.2 1.7 0.04 28 36 15 0.77 1.3 4.4 7.5 12 16 1.2 2.0 6.6 11 18 25 0. 29 3. 4 a 0.310-3 15 0.05 10-3 0.08 10-3 0.29 10-3 0. 10-3 0.77 10-3 1.1 10-3 0.08 10-3 0.13 10-3 0.43 10-3 0.76 10-3 1.2 10-3 1.7 10-3 0.008 µg/m 3 3.0 25 0.10 0.17 0.59 1.0 0.15 0.25 0.88 1.5 0.08 1 31 75 15 70 80 0.18 0. 1.3 2.3 3.6 5.6 7.4 10 0.27 0.45 2.0 3.5 5.4 7.5 11 15

32 1 /m 3 10mg/m 3 15 0.55 0.93 3.6 6.2 9.4 0.83 1.4 5.4 9.3 14 33 1 15 10 16 4.0 17 53 27 83 100 1 1) 10m 10m C 2) 10 3) 25 4) 25 5) 25 http://www.zhb.gov.cn/japan/ 01 11 02 1 122 01 1 1 100 3mg/m 3 800mg/m 3 mg/m 3 0 1 123 01 1 1 900mg/m 3 0.5 2 2 6mg/m 3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0mg/m 3 ppm 195ppm 1180ppm 1ppm 25

124 125 m 126 6 =1.8 8.8 122 100 80 1 1 mg/m 3 00 01 12 31 1 1 100 80 2 0 3 2 80 80 100 100 100 80 0 1 123 mg/m 3 mg/m 3 00 01 00 01 12 31 1 1 12 31 1 1 1,0 900 700 0 0 1,0 900* 0* 100 100 0 * 26

124 0.7MW1t/h mg/m 3 00 01 12 31 1 1-1 1 Aar25 1,800 1,0 2.8MW4t/h Aar25 2,000 1,800 Aar25 2,000 1,800 2.8MW4t/h Aar25 2,0 2,000-15,000 15,000 -,000 18,000-5,000 5,000 125 MW 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.4 2.8 2.8 7 7 14 14 28 t/h 1 1 2 2 4 4 10 10 m 25 35 45 126 = 1.7 = 1.8 = 1.2 123 126 http://www.zhb.gov.cn/japan/ 1 2 23 1 27

29

7 01 752 44 3 6 3 3 3 9 5 1996 00 10 5 01 05 COD 3 3 1996 23 41 15 00 3 03 7

12 1996 1998 1 13 ph SS CODBOD 56 131a 3.4 (a) 6 31

131b 1998 1 1 131a1b COD Cr 10mg/liter 1mg/liter COD COD Mn COD Cr COD Mn COD Cr 1/3 COD Cr 1mg/liter COD Mn mg/liter 1mg/liter COD Cr COD COD Mn 25mg/liter NO 3NO.4 NH 3 100mg/liter NO 3 NO 2 NH 3 2mg/liter 25mg/liter 25mg/liter 1mg/liter 3mg/liter 1998 1 22 132 1t 1t 1t 32

131a mg/liter 1 0.05 0.005 2 3 0.1 0.1 4 1.5 2.0 5 0.5 0.5 6 0.5 0.1 7 1.0 0.1 8 1.0 9 3.4 (a) 0.00003 10 0.005 11 0.5 12 1Bq/L 13 10Bq/L 131b 1998 mg/liter 1 ph 69 69 69 5.8-8.6 2 80 3 SS 70 0 0 70 0 70 800 70 1 0 4 0 BOD5 100 0 1 0 5 100 0 1000 1 CODCr 33

5 100 0 1000 CODCr 1 0 1 100 1 0 6 5 10 5 7 10 15 100 10 8 0.5 0.5 2.0 5 9 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 12 15 15 25 10 15 10 <0.5mg/L 10 10 13 P 0.5 1.0 16 100 1) 14 1.0 2.0 5.0 15 1.0 2.0 5.0 16 2.0 3.0 5.0 17 5.0 10 LAS 18 0.5 1.0 2.0 3 19 2.0 5.0 5.0 5 2.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 21 1.0 2.0 3.0 22 3.0 3.0 6.0 23 0.1 0.1 0.3 24 0.5 0.5 P 25 1.0 2.0 26 1.0 2.0 27 1.0 2.0 8 10 34

28 5.0 10 29 5.0 8.0 10 1.0 5.0 8.0 AOX Cl 31 0.3 0.6 1.0 32 0.03 0.06 0.5 33 0.3 0.6 1.0 34 0.1 0.2 0.5 35 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 36 0.1 0.2 0.5 37 0.4 0.6 1.0 38 o 0.4 0.6 1.0 39 p 0.4 0.6 1.0 m 0.4 0.6 1.0 41 0.2 0.4 1.0 42 o 0.4 0.6 1.0 43 p 0.4 0.6 1.0 44 p 0.5 1.0 5.0 45 2.4 0.5 1.0 5.0 46 0.3 0.4 1.0 5 47 m 48 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 49 2.4.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 51 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.3 0.6 2.0 35

52 2.0 5.0 5.0 53 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 54 * 0 /L 1000 /L 00 /L 100 /L 0 /L 1000 /L 3,000 55 * 0.5** 3 2 1.5h 1.5h 0.5** 6.5 5 1.5h 1.5h 56 TOC * ** 1) NO3NO.4NH3 100 mg/liter 132 1998 1 75 90 16.0 3 /t 9.0 3 /t 8.0 3 /t 8.0 3 /t 2 1.2 3 /t 3 80 4 0 t 1.03 t A 20 t 1.2m 3 /t A. 2 t1.5 3 /t B. 0 t 1.5 3 t C. B 20 t 2.0m 3 /t 2 t2.0 3 /t 0 t 2.03/t C 20 t 2.5m 3 /t 2 t2.5 3 /t 5 0.0 3 /t 70.0 3 /t 10.0 3 /t 6 0.0 3 /t 36

7.0 3 /t 8 9 10.0 3 /t 4.0 3 /t.0 3 /t 100.0 3 /t 1.0 3 /t 10 100.0 3 /t 80.0 3 /t 70.0 3 /t 0.0 3 /t 16.0 3 /t 11 5.0 3 /t 12 15.0 3 /t 13 0 3 /t 7 3 /t 14 0 3 /t 800 3 /t 15 1 3 /t 2 3 /t 16 4700 3 /t 14 3 /t 10 3 /t 1900 3 /t 90 3 /t 00 3 /t 0 3 /t 10 3 /t C 2700 3 /t 00 3 /t 3 /t B2 180 3 /t 7 3 /t 3 /t 10 3 /t 17 700 3 /t ** 0 3 /t P2S ** 0 3 /t PSCl3 ** 5 3 /t DDVP 0 3 /t 37

17 18 3 /t 700 3 /t 5 3 /t 2 3 /t 4 3 /t 2.4D 14 3 /t 4 3 /t 4.5 3 /t Fe 2 3 /t Na2S 3 3 /t 19 3.5 3 /MW h 5.0 3 / 21 5 3 /1,000m35mm 22 95 * 100 ** P2S5PSCl2PCl3 131a1b 132 http://www.zhb.gov.cn/japan/ 3 1 COD 1 38

39

1996 1996 9 5 10 01 05 10 05 00 10 03 1 Hazardous Waste 3 1998 The National Catalogues of Hazardous Wastes PCB 02 9 4,9 1,000 2,635 1.7 70

PCB 10 5 05 8 04 2 1 03 4 1 3,000 1 3,0 6,0 1 3 /kg 45 /kg 5 1 1 1 1 41

1 1,000km 04 1 06 3 1 2,2 31 282 42

43

03 2 1999 HJ/T25-1999 89 25 25 9 9 151 151 mg/kg * 1 3,790 147 1 2 189,000 1,470 2 3 75,800 5,8 4 1,1 88 15 5 18,900 1,470 1 6 44 3.4 1 7 1 8 4,000 9 4,000 80 14 12 26 89 25 44

3,790mg/kg 147mg/kg 1mg/kg 3.4mg/kg 1mg/kg 02 89 25 3 16 16 152 1.1-1 152 mg/liter No. 1 0.1 0.02 2 1.2-0.0166 0.004 3 1.1.1-3.02 1.0 4 1.1.2-0.0265 0.006 5 0.0116 0.002 6 1.1-0.00251 0.02 7-1.2-0.862 0.04 8 0.137 0.03 9 0.029 0.01 10 0.052 0.01 11 0.00101 0.01 12 0.0431 0.01 13 0.431 0.05 14 0.0259 0.0005 15 0.431 0.01 16 1.72 89 25 45

47

1 1 Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau 4 0 1980 17 03 105 21 21 467 0 13 21 02 8,454 958 88 4 48

05 100m 3 COD kg 27kg 04 02 1 365 80 2 02 7 03 10 00 12 31 1,0mg/m 3 01 1 1 900mg/m 3 0mg/m 3 0mg/m 3 3 05 1996 1 1994 04 1 COD 49

8 1 1 4