2012 (Sekiya et al 2012) ( ) ( 1) 1
1. 2010 2012 2013 2014 6 () 2014 8 29 481 ( 2 1)90 (2010) 461 20 5 5 35 ( 1) QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Handbook FAVORGEN Tissue Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit DNA (Lian et al 2006) 7 (4_109 4_114 6_167 6_234 6_603 6_571 4_472) (Polymerase Chain Reaction: PCR) 4.5 l 0.5 l DNA 1 0.5 l Type-it Microsatellite PCR Kit Type-it Multiplex PCR Master Mix, 2x 2.5 l Q-Solution, 5x 0.5 l H2O 1.0 l PCR TaKaRa PCR Thermal Cycler Dice TM Version 3 Model TP650 DNA Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzers (He) ( 2013)He GenAlEx 6.2 (Peakall and Smouse 2006) 2
2 STRUCTURE v. 2.3.4 (Pritchard et al 2000) 22 () Population Graph (Dyer and Nason 2004) 2. 3 9 42 ( 3) 2014 6 ( 1779.8m (730.4m 3461.3m)) 10 (cm) ( ) 1 3
6 GIS Analysis (Arc GIS) (Topographic wetness index TWI) TWI 50 1 66m TWI (Sørensen and Seibert 2007) (2012) AIC 100m (Hanskii 1994) (42 17 ) () (Martin et al 2005) AIC Akaike weight 95 CI( ) GLM R 3.0.2(R core Team 2013) 4
1 (1) STRUCTURE STRUCTURE lnp(d) K=1 K=5 ( 4A) K K=5 ( 4B) K=6 ( 5) K=5 K=2 K=5 K=2 2 K=5 2 (2) 7 24 373 (He) 1 He MK RO 0.334 US 0.593 1 2 3 (3) Population Graph (22 )( 6 7) 7 5
2 42 25 AIC 2 ( 2) AIC 2 AIC 95 0 ( 8) 0 ( 8) 30cm ( 9) ( 9) 6
1. (1) (MK RO SD) (OG TS) He He 3 STRUCTURE 3 (K=5 5) 3 (2) Population Graph ( 10) () 7
2. 6 TWI TWI TWI 3. STRUCTURE 3 3 8
1 2 ( 2010) 9
10
Dyer R, Nason J (2004) Population graphs: the graph theoretic shape of genetic structure. Mol. Ecol. Lian CL, Wadud MA, Geng Q, et al (2006) An improved technique for isolating codominant compound microsatellite markers. J Plant Res 119:415 417. doi: 10.1007/s10265-006-0274-2 Martin TG, Wintle B a, Rhodes JR, et al (2005) Zero tolerance ecology: improving ecological inference by modelling the source of zero observations. Ecol Lett 8:1235 46. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00826.x Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data. Genetics 155:945 959. Sekiya K, Miura I, Ogata M (2012) A new frog species of the genus Rugosa from Sado Island, Japan (Anura, Ranidae). Zootaxa 62:49 62. Sørensen R, Seibert J (2007) Effects of DEM resolution on the calculation of topographical indices: TWI and its components. J Hydrol 347:79 89. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.001,,, &. (2012).. Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 164, 155 164. 11
1 n He ID n He (W) OG 13 0.377 AH 14 0.397 TS 14 0.433 DM 20 0.565 (K) (E) DMD 16 0.549 SG 20 0.561 KT 16 0.568 KD 17 0.537 NG(P) 19 0.471 YY 16 0.587 NG(R) 35 0.534 ST 13 0.443 MT 19 0.532 US 13 0.593 AT 14 0.542 ON 14 0.535 KB 19 0.45 GS 17 0.59 JK 14 0.568 SS 14 0.548 TY 15 0.548 KG 18 0.522 UM 5 0.500 GZ 17 0.520 MG 17 0.409 HN 15 0.465 MK 22 0.334 RO 16 0.334 SD 19 0.363 12
1 13
2 29 1 14
Forest Paddy fields Salt water Others 3 42 15
-6500-7000 LnP(D) -7500-8000 -8500 (A) -9000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 160 140 120 100 80 K 60 40 (B) 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 4 STRUCTURE (A)LnP(D) (B) K 16
K=2 K=3 K=4 K=5 K=6 5 STRUCTURE 1 17
6 Population Graph () 7 Population Graph 9 18
2 AIC2 19
8 20
(/km) (A) (/km) (B) 9 (A) (B) 21