2015 ( 27 ) 71143204
2015 ( 27 ) RFID RF 1 100 98 20 20 1 19 1. RFID, 2., 3., 4. i
Abstract of Bachelor s Thesis Academic Year 2015 Smart Management System of Rechargeable Batteries with Automatic Identification Although the number of times each type of rechargeable batteries can be charged have been proposed, it is difficult to keep track of that information along with the battery level. This thesis proposes a system that can individually identify each battery using RFID, so that the time for batteries to be changed can be estimated. Not only does this prevent batteries from overdischarging, but according to the discharging speed batteries can be grouped with other similar batteries, leading to the extension of duration of the batteries. Next, to accurately verify the number of times each battery has been charged, experiments were done to find a suitable place where the RF tag reader can read the RF tags. Due to the experiment, the most suitable position was when the tag was attached to the positive side of the battery, with the reader positioned to the positive side of the socket. With this combination, of the 100 times that the reader read the tag every second, 98 of the times were a success. In addition, for this research an experiment with 2 rechargeable batteries were done 20 times in total to measure the discharge time of each battery. As a result, though the 2 were batteries of the same type, the discharge time varied. Using this data, experiments were done to estimate the for which batteries are to be changed. This experiment used the results from the previous experiment, and supposing that a part of the data was already stored, the data which were used to make the estimation was changed from 1 to 19. The way in which the marginal error changed due to the amount of data accumulated was then evaluated. As a result, the more the data accumulated, the less the marginal error became. The results showed that for fully charged batteries vary in speed to discharge to a certain voltage. And by using the proposed system, the duration of each battery for each device can be estimated. Key Words 1. RFID, 2. Individual Identification, 3. Reading Probability, 4. Discharge Time Keio University, Faculty of Environment and Information Study Yosuke Kezuka ii
1 1 1.1....................................... 1 1.2.................................. 2 1.3.................................. 2 2 3 2.1......... 3 2.1.1 JISC............... 5 2.2................................ 5 2.2.1................ 5 2.2.2 JISC...................... 5 2.3.................................. 6 3 7 3.1 RF..................... 7 3.2.................. 7 3.3............................. 8 3.4.................................. 8 4 10 4.1.................................. 10 4.1.1 RF................................. 10 4.1.2 RF............................. 10 4.1.3......................... 10 4.1.4.............................. 12 4.1.5 Raspberry Pi.............................. 12 iii
4.1.6 MAX712................................. 13 4.1.7............................. 14 4.1.8............................ 14 4.2.................................. 16 4.3................................... 16 4.4....................... 19 4.5.................................. 19 5 21 5.1 RF....................... 21 5.1.1 RF... 21 5.1.2 RF 23 5.1.3............................ 23 5.2.............................. 26 5.2.1................................. 26 5.2.2............................ 28 5.3.................................. 28 6 30 31 32 iv
2.1.............................. 4 2.2.............................. 4 3.1............................. 9 4.1 ISO15693 RF........................ 11 4.2 ASI4000 RF...................... 11 4.3.............................. 11 4.4...................... 12 4.5 RaspberryPi................................... 12 4.6 MAX712.............................. 15 4.7................................. 15 4.8................................ 15 4.9 MAX712............................ 17 4.10................................. 18 4.11............................. 18 4.12.................................. 20 4.13 RF................................. 20 5.1 1.................................... 22 5.2 1.......................... 22 5.3 2.................................... 24 5.4 2........................... 24 5.5.............................. 25 5.6................................ 25 5.7..................................... 27 v
5.8............................. 29 5.9............................. 29 vi
4.1............................ 16 5.1 (1 10 )....................... 27 5.2 (11 20 )...................... 27 vii
1 1.1 3 4 2100 [1] 2 1
1 1.2 RF RF RFID RF 1.3 6 2 3 4 5 6 2
2 2.1 [2] [2] [2] 2/3 3
2 2.1: 2.2: 4
2 2.1.1 JISC JISC JISC [3] JISC 20 ± 5 65 ± 20% 16 20 ± 5 1.0V 20 ± 5 1 4 JISC 2.2 JISC 2.2.1 2.2.2 JISC JISC JIS 1 4 5
2 2.3 6
3 3.1 RF RF RF ASI4000 ) 2 Raspberry Pi 3.2 7
3 3.3 3.1 RF RF ID RF 3.4 8
3 3.1: 9
4 4.1 4.1.1 RF RF ISO15693 4.1 1.2cm 4.1.2 RF RF 4.2 ASI4000 RF [4] RF (18 18mm) ISO15693 4.1.3 4.3 GP [5] 10
第 4 章 実装 図 4.1: プロトコル ISO15693 の RF タグ 図 4.2: ASI4000 シリーズの RF タグリーダ 図 4.3: 実験に用いた充電池 11
4 4.4: 4.5: RaspberryPi 4.1.4 RF ( 4.4)[6] 4.1.5 Raspberry Pi RF Raspberry Pi[7] ( 4.5) Raspberry Pi 12
4 4.1.6 MAX712 MAXIM NiCd/NiMH MAX712[8] MAX712 C/4 4C C/16 4.3 MAX712 16 (Vlimit) 2(BATT+) 3,4(PGM0, PGM1) PGM0 1 V+ REF BATT- 1 16 5(THI) TEMP THI 6(TLO) TEMP TLO MAX712 TEMP TLO 7(TEMP) 8(FASTCHG) MAX712 FASTCHG FASTCHG 9,10(PGM2,PGM3) PGM2 2 PGM2 PGM3 V+ REF BATT- 33 264 PGM3 11(CC) 12(BATT-) 13
4 13(GND) BATT- GND 14(DRV) PNP 15(V+) V+ BATT- +5V MAX712 +5V 16(REF) 2V 4.6 4.1.7 4.7 Fluke 177TrueRMS [9] 4.1.8 4.8 NR2000 [10] 14
4 4.6: MAX712 4.7: 4.8: 15
4 4.1: Number of cells PGM1 Connection PGM0 Connection 1 V+ V+ 2 Open V+ 3 REF V+ 4 BATT- V+ 5 V+ Open 6 Open Open 7 REF Open 8 BATT- Open 9 V+ REF 10 Open REF 11 REF REF 12 BATT- REF 13 V+ BATT- 14 Open BATT- 15 REF BATT- 16 BATT- BATT- 4.2 ASI4000 RF RF RF Raspberry Pi RF ISO15693 4.3 MAX712 MAX712 MAX712 4.9 1 4.1.6 3,4 PGM0 PGM1 4.1 1 PGM0 PGM1 V+ R sense 1 [11] R sense 16
4 4.9: MAX712 3 BATT- GND C 1700mAh 1.7A 2000mAh 2A C C/4 4 C C/4 R sense R sense MAX712 R sense R sense = 0.25V I fast (4.1) I fast I fast = mah h (4.2) 2000mAh C C/4 I fast I fast = 2000mAh 4h = 500mA (4.3) 17
第 4 章 実装 図 4.10: 実装した充電器 図 4.11: 充電完了時の電圧変化 であり つまり Rsense は 0.25V = 0.5Ω 0.5A となる これらの値を用いて実装した充電器が図 4.10 である Rsense = (4.4) 実際に電池を挿入し充電を始め Rsense にかかる電圧をデータレコーダーを用いて計測 し続けると 充電時は約 0.256V であるのに対して 充電完了時には約 0.007V と著しく落 ちることから充電完了を検知することができる この現象をデータレコーダーでモニター した様子を図 4.11 に示した 18
4 4.4 RF 4.12 ID 9 17 1 4 11 8 ID 4.13 1,4,5,6 3 31 2,3 3 30 5 4.13 ID E0 04 01 00 0F 7B D9 01 2 4.5 MAX712 RF RF 3 19
4 4.12: 4.13: RF 20
5 5.1 RF 5.1.1 RF 5.1 5.2 1 100 100 90 100 180 270 4 0 98 90 0 180 0 270 0 21
5 5.1: 1 5.2: 1 22
5 5.1.2 RF 5.3 5.4 5.5 0 90 180 270 4 0 97 90 100 180 96 270 100 5.1.3 5.6 100 98 0 0 1 90 180 270 23
5 5.3: 2 5.4: 2 24
5 5.5: 5.6: 25
5 5.2 3 GP 5.2.1 2 20 65 1 4 [3] 1 4 30 330k 10000 1 33 5.7 33 1.0V [3] 1.1V 5.1 5.2 26
5 5.7: 5.1: (1 10 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 0.00159 0.00166 0.00221 0.00145 0.00148 0.00135 0.00145 0.00218 0.00146 0.00138 2 0.00346 0.00208 0.00186 0.00229 0.00281 0.00212 0.00211 0.00239 0.00234 0.00217 5.2: (11 20 ) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0.00162 0.00162 0.00168 0.00176 0.00164 0.00157 0.00155 0.00174 0.00162 0.00168 2 0.00217 0.00214 0.00223 0.00207 0.00244 0.00221 0.00219 0.00222 0.00233 0.00214 27
5 5.8 1.1V 1.1V RF 5.2.2 5.8 1 19 5.9 5.3 RF 28
5 5.8: 5.9: 29
6 RF ID JIS 20 1 4 30 RF 30
Rodney D. Van Meter III 31
[1]. http://panasonic.jp/battery/charge/eneloop/. 1.1 [2]. http://csknowledge.panasonic.co.jp/app/answers/ detail/a_id/18130/related/1. 2.1 [3]., 1997. 2.1.1, 5.2.1 [4]. http://www.art-tec.co.jp/finex/jigyou/ lineup.html. 4.1.2 [5] GP. http://www.gpbatteries.com/int/ index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=386&itemid=590. 4.1.3 [6] MARUWA. http://www.maruwa-g.com/products/information/ electronic_parts/emc-cat.html. 4.1.4 [7]. http://www.raspberrypi.org/. 4.1.5 [8]. http://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/ jp/ds/max712-max713_jp.pdf. 4.1.6 [9] TFF. http://en-us.fluke.com/products/ digital-multimeters/fluke-177-digital-multimeter.html. 4.1.7 [10]. http://www.keyence.co.jp/keisokuki/mobile/nr_2000/. 4.1.8 [11]. http://www.baysun.net/ionbattery_story/lithium10.html. 4.3 32