CASLDV
i COMET II COMET II CASL II COMET II 1 1 44 (1969 ) COMETCASL 6 (1994 ) COMETCASL 13 (2001 ) COMETCASL COMET IICASL II COMET IICASL II CASL II 2001 1 3 3 L A TEX 2 CASL II COMET II 6 6 7 Windows(Windows 7Windows 8 ) CASL II CASLDV CASLDV CASL II COMET II CASLDV e-learning Web (http://www.officeuchida.com/casl/) Unix () Web
ii CASLDV COMET II CPU CASLDV CASLDV (PDF 50 ) Web Web PDF C Java CASL II 9 10 13 Web 1 3 SCC CASL II CASLDV 2012 7
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1 1 COMET II 1.1 COMET II CASL II 1.1.1 COMET II() CASL II() COMET II COMET II COMET II 1.1.2 () 1937 1941 V () 1 2 1942 1946 ENIAC (Electronic Numerica1 Integrator And Computer 1.1(2 ) ) ENIAC 18,000 2 30 ENIAC ENIAC 1 R/ENIAC 2 3 Coffee Break 1-1(3 )
2 1 COMET II 1.1: ENIAC 18,000 ENIAC 1.1.3 ENIAC (program) EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Ca1culator 1949 ) EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic CalculatorENIAC 1951 ) Univac1 () 1951 Univac1 5600 2 ( 2 ) 10 12 3 1952 3 2 10 Coffee Break 3-4(43 ) ENIAC 10
1.1. COMET II CASL II 3 IBM IBM701 A B A+B C C 1.2: 1.1.4 EDSAC EDVAC (machine language) 1 1.3: EDVAC EDVAC EDVAC COMET II COMET II COMET II Coffee Break 1-1 ENIAC
4 1 COMET II 1.1.5 COMET II 4 0010010000010010 0010010100010011 0101000000010000 COMET II COMET II 1 1 5 1.4 1.4 0010010000010010 ADDA GR1,GR2 GR1 GR2 0010010100010011 SUBA GR1,GR3 GR1 GR3 0101000000010000 SLA GR1,2 GR1 4 COMET II 1.4: 1.4 GR1 GR2 4 ( ADD SUB SLA 4 CASL II ) 6 COMET II CASL II 1.5 CASL II COMET II CASL II 4 COMET II 5 Assembly language JIS 6 SLA Shift Left Arithmetic 6.3.5 (2)(125 )
1.1. COMET II CASL II 5 ADDA GR1,GR2 SUBA GR1,GR3 SLA GR1,2 CASL II CASL II 0010010000010010 0010010100010011 0101000000010000 COMET II 1.5: CASL II CPU 8086 7 (CP/M-86 8 ) mov ax,bx mov ss,ax mov sp,offset CP/M-86 1010000100001101 1101101000001101 1101111000010010 CP/M-86 8086 1.6: CP/M-86 CP/M-86 CASL II Coffee Break 1-2 CPU CPU Central Processing Unit CPU 3 CPU CPU CPU (Coffee Break 1-1(3 )) CPU (ICLSI) 4004 4004 () 1997 4004 4004 80808086Pentiam CPU CPU 7 8086 CPU(1.3 ) CPU 8086 80186 80286 80386 80486 Pentium Intel Core i3 8 CP/M-86 16 8 CP/M CP/M-86 16 CP/M-86 CP/M MS-DOS CP/M
6 1 COMET II 1.1.6 1950 1950 FORTRAN 1950 IBM FORTRAN FORTRAN () FORTRAN FORTRAN FORTRAN 1.7 READ(*,*) A,B C=10*(A+B) WRITE(*,*) C FORTRAN 1010000100001101 1101101000001101 11011110000100101 FORTRAN 1.7: FORTRAN COBOL(1960 )PL/I(1965 )C(1972 ) (FORTRAN PL/I ) 1 1 1.8 1 N S =1+2+3+ + N = N k = k=1 N (N +1) 2 Coffee Break 1-3 MASM
1.1. COMET II CASL II 7 CASL II C 1.8 1 SUMUPN START #include<stdio.h> 2 LD GR1,N 1 N 3 LAD GR7,1 GR7 1 int main(void) 4 LD GR2,GR1 GR2 GR1 { 5 ADDA GR2,GR7 GR2 N+1 int s, n=100; 6 XOR GR3,GR3 GR3 0 7 LOOP SUBA GR1,GR7 GR1 s = n * ( n + 1 ) / 2; 8 JMI EXIT EXIT printf ("s= dn", s); 9 ADDA GR3,GR2 GR3 GR3+GR2 10 JUMP LOOP LOOP return 0; 11 EXIT SRA GR3,1 GR3 GR3 2 } 12 ST GR3,S S GR3 C 13 RET 14 N DC 100 15 S DS 1 16 END CASL II 1.8: CASL II C C s=n*(n+1)/2; 9 1 CASL II 9 C C 1.1.7 FORTRAN 1950 FORTRAN FORTRAN FORTRAN ( ) Fortran 10 C 9 C */= 10 FORTRAN 1995 JIS() Fortran 95( Fortran 2008)
8 1 COMET II 1.2 CASL II CASL II (1) C C C 0 11 () 80 C 10 (2) COMET II COMET II COMET II 1-1 12 COMET II COMET II COMET II COMET II COMET II 11 12 1-1 COMET II
1.3. 9 1.1: COMET II COMET II 8,16,32,64 16 32 RISC ) 8 () 10 I/O () () 1.3 CPU (Central Processing Unit) LSI Pentium() CPU CPU COMET II () LSI ( CPU(Central Processing Unit)) 1.9: ()
10 1 COMET II CD-ROM CPU 13 (Operating System OS ) 14 Windows 7Windows 8Unix LinuxFree BSD Windows 7 WORD() EXCEL() () 15 1.4 COMET II CASL II CASL II COMET II COMET II COMET II Windows OS Unix OS CASL II COMET II Windows OS CASL II CASLDV CASLDV CASL II COMET II CASLDV CASL II 13 (1) (2) (3) 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 14 JIS 15
1.4. 11 W O R D E X C E L 1.10: PC 1.2: OS Windows OS Unix OS CASL II COMET II CASLDV URL CASLDV http://www.officeuchida.com/casl/
12 1 COMET II 1 1. 2. JIS 3. 4. 5. 1 1 6. () 7. 8. 9. 10. C 11. Windows OS 12. CPU Windows OS Unix OS ()
13 2 2.1 2 8 16 10 16 255 10 16 00FF 2 2 8 8 10 10 16 16 2.2 10 10 10 10 0129 1 10 10111219 20 10 09 10 10 12345 1 10000 + 2 1000 + 3 100 + 4 10 + 5 12345 10000 1 1000 2 100 3 10 4 1 5 1 10 4 + 2 10 3 + 3 10 2 + 4 10 1 + 5 10 0 10 k 12345 10 10 5 4 3 2 1 10000(=10 4 ) 1000(=10 3 ) 100(=10 2 ) 10(=10 1 ) 1(=10 0 ) 10000 2000 300 40 5 12345 = 10000 + 2000 + 300 + 40+ 5
14 2 10 10 k n k n k 2-1 10 10 10 k 12345 = 1 10 4 +2 10 3 +3 10 2 +4 10 1 +5 10 0 2-1 10 10 10 2.3 2 2.3.1 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 10 2 2 (0 1) 10 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 10 2 2.1 10 08 2 10 8 2 4 2 (0 1 ) 2.1: 08 2 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 2 2 10101 2 10 21 1 2 4 +0 2 3 +1 2 2 +0 2 1 +1 2 0 = 1 16+0 8+1 4+0 2+1 1 = 16+4+1 = 21 k 2 k 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 16 8 4 2 1 16 0 4 0 1 21 = 16+ 0+ 4+ 0+ 1
2.3. 2 15 2 10101 10 16+4+1=21 2 (2) 10101 (2) n (n) 10 ( 2.2 ) 2.2: n 2 101101 (2) 8 57 (8) 10 45 16 2D (16) 2.3 0 63 2 10 2.3 2 7 2.3: 0 63 2 10 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 0 000000 16 010000 32 100000 48 110000 1 000001 17 010001 33 100001 49 110001 2 000010 18 010010 34 100010 50 110010 3 000011 19 010011 35 100011 51 110011 4 000100 20 010100 36 100100 52 110100 5 000101 21 010101 37 100101 53 110101 6 000110 22 010110 38 100110 54 110110 7 000111 23 010111 39 100111 55 110111 8 001000 24 011000 40 101000 56 111000 9 001001 25 011001 41 101001 57 111001 10 001010 26 011010 42 101010 58 111010 11 001011 27 011011 43 101011 59 111011 12 001100 28 011100 44 101100 60 111100 13 001101 29 011101 45 101101 61 111101 14 001110 30 011110 46 101110 62 111110 15 001111 31 011111 47 101111 63 111111 2.3 2 10 2 1248 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 2 l 2 10011011010 (2) 10 (0 1) 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
16 2 1 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1024 + 128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 2 = 1242 1242 10 2 2.3 1 0 2 (b 5 b 4 b 3 b 2 b 1 b 0 (2) ) b 5 2 5 + b 4 2 4 + b 3 2 3 + b 2 2 2 + b 1 2 1 + b 0 2 0 = b 5 32 + b 4 16 + b 3 8+b 2 4+b 1 2+b 0 1 2 (b 1 ) 2 b 0 b 0 1 b 0 0 2 00 4 3 000 8 2 n 0 2 n () 2 n 1 2-2 2 10 2 10011011010 (2) 10 2 (2 k ) 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1024 + 128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 2 = 1242 2-3-1 2 (1) 2 10 (a) 1010 (2) (b) 111011 (2) (c) 10101011 (2) (2) 2 2 () 4 8 (::) 1 10
2.3. 2 17 2 (=) 4 8 10 (2) 100 (2) 101 (2) 11011 (2) 100000 (2) 111110 (2) 110100 (2) 100011 (2) 2.3.2 2 2 10 1+1=2 2 1 + 1 = 10(1 (2) +1 (2) =10 (2) ) 2 3+4 7 2 2 11 (2) 3100 (2) 4 11 (2) 011 (2) 3 0 1 1 + 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 111 (2) 10 7 20 + 40 = 60 20 = 10100 (2) 40 = 101000 (2) 0 1 0 1 0 0 + 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 111100 (2) =60 13 + 9 = 22 13 = 1101 (2) 9 = 1001 (2) 1+1 1 4 10 (2) 1 1 0 1 + 1 0 0 1 10 1 0 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 10110 (2) =22
18 2 15 + 1 = 16 15 = 1111 (2) 1 = 0001 (2) 1 1 1 1 + 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 10 0 1 1 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 10000 (2) =16 2 COMET II 16 2 (2.3.3 ) 16 1111111111111111 + 1 1 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 16 2.6.3 2 (26 ) 2-3-2 2 2 (1) 11 (2) + 10101 (2) (2) 1001 (2) + 110111 (2)
2.4. 8 19 2.3.3 2 2 ON/OFF 2 ON/OFF 2 0 1 COMET II 21 0000000000010101 (2) 0 OFFl ON 0 1 0 1 0 1 2.1: ON/OFF 2 1 ON/OFF (bit) ON/OFF 1 0 1 2 2 00011011 4 3 000001 010011100101110111 8 n 2 n 8 l (byte) 1 2 8 = 256 COMET II 2 16 2 16 = 65536 COMET II 2 16 (2.6 (22 ) ) 8 8 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ( 1 0) 2.2: COMET II 0 15 2.4 8 2 ONOFF 2 0 1 2
20 2 8 16 CASL II 8 8 8 0 7 8 0 (8) 1 (8) 2 (8) 3 (8) 4 (8) 5 (8) 6 (8) 7 (8) 7 (8) 10 (8) 11 (8) 12 (8) 17 (8) 17 (8) 20 (8) 123 (8) 10 123 (8) 1 8 2 +2 8 1 +3 8 0 =1 64 + 2 8+3 1 = 64 + 16 + 3 = 83 10 83 2.7(22 ) 10 8 16 0 63 8 2 8 2 3 (3 0 )1110011001010 (2) 16312 (8) 3 0 001 110 011 001 010 (2) 1 6 3 1 2 (8) 2 3 2 3 =8 8 07 2 3 8 8 0 7 16312 (8) 8 ( 2-4 ) 2.4: 8 0 000 1 001 2 010 3 011 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 2-4 8 10 2 (1) 13 (8) (2) 57 (8) (3) 1234 (8)
2.5. 16 21 2.5 16 16 2 8 16 16 0 9 10 ABCDEF 6 16 2 2.5 16 09AF 2 10 16 0 (16) 1 (16) 2 (16) 3 (16) 4 (16) 5 (16) 6 (16) 7 (16) 8 (16) 9 (16) A (16) 9 (10 10 )A A B (16) B 10 11 C (16) D (16) E (16) F (16) 10 (16) 11 (16) 12 (16) 1F (16) 1F (16) 20 (16) 123 (16) 10 123 (16) 1 16 2 +2 16 1 +3 16 0 =1 256+2 16+3 1 = 256+32+3 = 291 10 291 2.7 10 8 16 0 63 16 2 16 2 4 (4 0 ) 4 O 0101 1100 1100 1010 5 C C A 101110011001010 (2) 5CCA (16) 2.5: 16 16 10 2 16 10 2 0 0 0000 8 8 1000 1 1 0001 9 9 1001 2 2 0010 A 10 1010 3 3 0011 B 11 1011 4 4 0100 C 12 1100 5 5 0101 D 13 1101 6 6 0110 E 14 1110 7 7 0111 F 15 1111 16 16 2 F (16) 1111 (2) A (16) 1010 (2) 8 (16) 1000 (2) 16 FFFF (16) 1AAAA (16) 10 8000 (16) ( 15) 1 0 16 2 16 AF af CASL II 16 AF
22 2 2.6: 16 16 2 0000 0000000000000000 0001 0000000000000001 FFFF 1111111111111111 F000 1111000000000000 8000 1000000000000000 8888 1000100010001000 1111 0001000100010001 AAAA 1010101010101010 2.7: 10 8 16 10 8 16 10 8 16 10 8 16 10 8 16 0 0 0 16 20 10 32 40 20 48 60 30 1 1 1 17 21 11 33 41 21 49 61 31 2 2 2 18 22 12 34 42 22 50 62 32 3 3 3 19 23 13 35 43 23 51 63 33 4 4 4 20 24 14 36 44 24 52 64 34 5 5 5 21 25 15 37 45 25 53 65 35 6 6 6 22 26 16 38 46 26 54 66 36 7 7 7 23 27 17 39 47 27 55 67 37 8 10 8 24 30 18 40 50 28 56 70 38 9 11 9 25 31 19 41 51 29 57 71 39 10 12 A 26 32 1A 42 52 2A 58 72 3A 11 13 B 27 33 1B 43 53 2B 59 73 3B 12 14 C 28 34 1C 44 54 2C 60 74 3C 13 15 D 29 35 1D 45 55 2D 61 75 3D 14 16 E 30 36 1E 46 56 2E 62 76 3E 15 17 F 31 37 1F 47 57 2F 63 77 3F 2-5 16 16 2 (1) 5CCA (16) (2) FDDA (16) (3) 1234 (16) (4) 4444 (16) (5) CAFE (16) 2.6 2.6.1 2 16 2 16 65536 10 0 65535 COMET II 2
2.6. 23 2-3 2 COMET II 2 16 3 2.3 2 1 0 (:1:0) 2.3: 3 3 2 3 8 10 3 0 7 0 7 0 2.8 2.8: 3 2 000 0 0 001 1 1 010 2 2 011 3 3 100 4-4 101 5-3 110 6-2 111 7-1 2 2 2 2 (b 2 b 1 b 0 ) b 2 2 2 + b 1 2 1 + b 0 2 0 (3 216 15) 1 2.8 2 1 2-4 ( 15) 1 0
24 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 100 (2) ( 4) 111 (2) 1 n 2 n 1 2 n 1 1 100...00 (2) ( n ) 2 n 1 111...11 (2) ( n ) 1 COMET II 16 2 15 2 15 1 3276832767 1000000000000000 (2) 32768 1111111111111111 (2) 1 2.9: 16 2 0000000000000000 0 0 0000000000000001 1 1 0000000000000010 2 2 0000000000000011 3 3 0111111111111111 32767 32767 1000000000000000 32768-32768 1000000000000001 32769-32767 1111111111111100 65532-4 1111111111111101 65533-3 1111111111111110 65534-2 1111111111111111 65535-1 1 2 2 2 1000000000000001 (2) 32769-32767 COMET II ADDA ADDL 2-5 COMET II ADDA ADDL 5.4 (102 ) COMET II (SF) ADDA 1000000000000001 (2) 32767 SF 1 ADDL 1000000000000001 (2) 32769 SF 0
2.6. 25 2-6-1 4 2 10 ( 3 ) (1) 1111 (2) (2) 1010 (2) (3) 1110 (2) (4) 0001 (2) (5) 0101 (2) 2.6.2 (2 ) 2 () 3 2 3 2 (1) (2) 1 3 3 0000000000000011 (2) () 1111111111111100 (2) + 1 (2) 1 3 1111111111111101 (2) 1 1111111111111101 (2) 2.9 3 3 1111111111111101 (2) () 0000000000000010 (2) + 1 (2) 1 3 0000000000000011 (2) 3 2
26 2 2-6 2 (1) (2) 1 2-6-2 2 2 16 2 (1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 5 2.6.3 2 COMET II SUBA() SUBL() 2 2 11 6 2 16 2 11 0000000000001011 (2) 6 0000000000000110 (2) 6 2 6 11 6 2 6 0000000000000110 (2) () 1111111111111001 (2) + 1 (2) 1 6 1111111111111010 (2) 6 1111111111111010 (2) 11 11 6 17 COMET II 16 11 0000000000001011 (2) + 6 1111111111111010 (2) 10000000000000101 (2) 5 0000000000000101 (2) 101 (2) 5 11 6 2
2.6. 27 2 6 6 1111111111111010 (2) 2 0000000000000010 (2) + 6 1111111111111010 (2) 4 1111111111111100 (2) 1111111111111100 (2) 4 2 6 2-6-3 2 16 2 2 (1) 5 3 (2) 2 10 (3) 14 5 Coffee Break 2-1 2 COMET II 2 2 2 0.b 1 b 2 b 2 0.b 1 b 2 b 2 = b 1 2 1 + b 2 2 2 + b 3 2 3 + 10 0.5 2 0.1 (2) 0.5 =1 2 1 =1 1 2 =0.1 (2) 10 0.25 2 0.01 (2) 0.125 0.001 (2) 0.25 = 1 2 2 =1 1 4 =0.01 (2), 0.125 = 1 2 3 =1 1 8 =0.001 (2) 10 0.75 0.5+0.25 2 0.75 = 0.5+0.25 = 2 1 +2 2 = 1 2 + 1 4 =0.11 (2) 2 n 2 0.10.20.3 2 0.1 2 Coffee Break 2-2(29 ) 0.1 =0.0001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011 (2)
28 2 2.7 10 2 16 2.7.1 10 n 10 n n (1) 10 2 10 d 2 d = 242 2 2 242 2=121... ()0 11110010 (2) 2 = 1111001 (2)...()0 121 2=60... 1 1111001 (2) 2 = 111100 (2)...()1 60 2=30... 0 111100 (2) 2 = 11110 (2)...()0 30 2=15... 0 11110 (2) 2 = 1111 (2)...()0 15 2=7... 1 1111 (2) 2 = 111 (2)...()1 7 2=3... 1 111 (2) 2= 11 (2)...()1 3 2=1... 1 11 (2) 2= 1 (2)...()1 1 2=0... 1 1 (2) 2= 0 (2)...()1 242 (10) = 11110010 (2) 11110010 (2) = 242 (10) 11110010 (2) 2 A A=1 2 7 +1 2 6 +1 2 5 +1 2 4 +0 2 3 +0 2 2 +1 2 1 +0 2 0 2 1 2 6 +1 2 5 +1 2 4 +1 2 3 +0 2 2 +0 2 1 +1 2 0 A 2 1111001 (2) = 121 (10) A 2
2.7. 29 242 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 242 2 (121) () 242 (10) 2 1111001 (2) = 121 (10) 121 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 121 2 (60) 2 2 2-7 10 2 10 2 2 2-7-1(1) 10 2 10 2 (1) 159 (2) 2152 (3) 10000 Coffee Break 2-2 0.1 Coffee Break 2-1(27 ) 0.1 2 0.1 =0.000110011001100110011001100110011 (2) 0.1 0.2 0.3 2 0.2 =0.001100110011001100110011001100110 (2) 0.3 =0.010011001100110011001100110011001 (2) C 2 0.1 0.1 C 0.1 10 1.0 0.1 2 Coffee Break 4-1(65 ) CASL II
30 2 (2) 10 8 10 8 8 242 8=30... ()2 362 (8) 8= 36 (8)...() 2 30 8=3... ()6 36 (8) 8= 3 (8)...() 6 3 8=0... ()3 6 (8) 8= 0 (8)...() 3 242 (10) = 362 (8) 362 (8) = 242 (10) 362 (8) 8 362 (8) =3 8 2 +6 8 1 +2 8 0 8 3 8 1 +6 8 0 36 (8) =30 (10) 362 (8) 8 362 (8) 2 (8) 362 (8) 8 362 8 242 8 3 6 2 242 8 2 2 8 3 6.3.5 (124 ) 242 30 2 11110 010 (2) 8 = 11110 (2)...()010 (2) 30 3 6 11 110 (2) 8= 11 (2)...()110 (2) 3 0 3 11 (2) 8= 0 (2)...()011 (2) 242 8 362 (8) 3 8 (=3) 30 8 (=6) 242 8 (=2) { }} { { }} { { }} { 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 8 8
2.7. 31 2-8 10 8 10 8 8 2-7-1(2) 10 8 10 8 (1) 159 (2) 2152 (3) 10000 (3) 10 16 10 16 16 1015 AF 242 16 = 15... ()2 15 16 = 0... ()15 F 242 (10) =F2 (16) 2-9 10 16 10 16 16 2-7-1(3) 10 16 10 16 (1) 159 (2) 2152 (3) 10000 2.7.2 2 8 16 2 8 16 2.4 2.5 10110 (2) 8 3 10 110 (3 0 )16 4 1 0110 (4 0 ) 2 8 2 16 10110 (2) 10110 (2) 010 110 0001 0110 2 6 (8) 1 6 (16) 10110 (2) =26 (8) 10110 (2) =16 (16)
32 2 2-10 2 8 16 2 8 3 2 16 4 2-7-2 2 8 16 2 8 16 (1) 1011101 (2) (2) 11110000111100001111 (2) (3) 10101101011010101 (2) 2.7.3 8 16 2 8 16 2 2 123 (8) 123 (16) 2 1 2 3 (8) 1 2 3 (16) 001 010 011 (2) 0001 0010 0011 (2) 123 (8) = 1010011 (2) 123 (16) = 100100011 (2) 2-11 8 16 2 8 16 2 2 2-7-3 8 16 2 2 (1) 156 (8) (2) FFAB (16) 2.7.4 8 16 8 16 2 123 (8) 16 1 2 3 (8) 001 010 011 (2) 123 (8) 2 001010011 (2) 0 0101 0011 (2) 2 001010011 (2) 4 0 5 3 (16) 16 123 (8) =53 (16)
2.7. 33 16 123 (16) 8 1 2 3 (16) 0001 0010 0011 (2) 123 (16) 2 000 100 100 011 (2) 2 3 0 4 4 3 (8) 8 123 (16) = 443 (8) 2-12 8 16 8 16 2 2-7-4 8 16 8 16 16 8 (1) 1234 (8) (2) ABCD (16) (3) 7777 (8) 2.7.5 n 10 n m 5 m 4 m 3 m 2 m 1 m 0 10 m 5 n 5 + m 4 n 4 + m 3 n 3 + m 2 n 2 + m 1 n 1 + m 0 n 0 2 8 16 2 m 5 2 5 + m 4 2 4 + m 3 2 3 + m 2 2 2 + m 1 2 1 + m 0 2 0 8 m 5 8 5 + m 4 8 4 + m 3 8 3 + m 2 8 2 + m 1 8 1 + m 0 8 0 16 m 5 16 5 + m 4 16 4 + m 3 16 3 + m 2 16 2 + m 1 16 1 + m 0 16 0 10110 (2) 245 (8) 3EA2 (16) 10110 (2) = 1 2 4 +0 2 3 +1 2 2 +1 2 1 +0 2 0 = 1 16 + 0 8+1 4+1 2+0 1 = 16+4+2 = 22 245 (8) = 2 8 2 +4 8 1 +5 8 0 = 128 + 32 + 5 = 165 3EA2 (16) = 3 16 3 + E 16 2 + A 16 1 +2 16 0 = 3 4096 + 14 256 + 10 16 + 2 1 = 12288 + 3584 + 160 + 2 = 16034 16 ABCDEF 1011 12131415
34 2 10101 (2) 245 (8) 3EA2 (16) 10 2... 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 16 + 4 + 1 = 21 8... 32768 4096 512 64 8 1 2 4 5 128 + 32 + 5 = 165 16... 1048576 65536 4096 256 16 1 3 E A 2 14 10 12288 + 3584 + 160 + 2 = 16034 2-13 2 8 16 10 2 8 16 10 2-7-5 8 16 10 (1) 110101011 (2) (2) 12345 (8) (3) FC (16) 2 [ 2-1] 10 (a) 2 (1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 45 (4) 650 (5) 1025 (b) 8 (1) 7 (2) 125 (3) 3333 (4) 10123 (5) 100000 (c) 16 (1) 100 (2) 2345 (3) 1025 (4) 64000 (5) 100000 [ 2-2] 10 (1) 1011010101 (2) (2) 726 (8) (3) 37337261 (8) (4) 37337261 (16) (5) CAFE (16) (6) 12BC34F (16) [ 2-3] 1 (1) 1011011 (2) (2) 101011000 (2) (3) 372177 (8) (4) 323712 (8) (5) AB012 (16) (6) FD01FFE (16) (7) 12ABC (16) (8) FFFFFF (16) [ 2-4] 2 (1) 110101 (2) + 10111 (2) (2) 11111 (2) + 100 (2) (3) 10110101 (2) + 110110 (2) [ 2-5] 10 80000 2 16?