03 80 i
90 80 10 10 14 26 32 32 33 48 57 63 ii
10 DVD 04 02 1 2 80 94 1 2003a 2 14 1
03 80 5 3 NEED-Financial QUEST 4 5 2004.1.12 p16 2
03 32.3 47.8 16.3 6 P55-56 7 03 03 94.2 8 74.5 9 2003 99.4 80 80 6 liner 7 6488 8997 98 99 8 9 3
80 03 75 80 (1)93 80 81 88 37 86 268 75 81 665 80 90 93 03 81 2.8 03 94 80 1 7P3 4
10 81 7.8 86 0.2 86 85 9 89 90 91 11 93 03 93 6.0 12.6 7P3 10 2003bp4 11 91 85 86 27.7 90 95 31.7 93 23.7 5
1 /++ ++ 1980b 1984b 1992b 2000b 1985 1991 2001 2004 12 80 03 0.5 13 6
80 82 86 87 93 94 93 82858693 8286 86 8285 0.2 8693 0.0 86 93 8285 0.1 8693 4.7 7
() ROA SLS FMC SG IR BP TA TA TA BP IR - TA 1 SG TA 1 FMC- TA 1 - SLS TA 1 SLS- 1- TA 1 ROA 2 + 81 86 86 81 8.0 6.5 69.4 14 15 3.8 80 (2) 2 85 1984 14 96 2000p17 15 69.4 81 30.6 81 8
90 90 9
80 P5 94 80 80 94 80 81 85 P7-8 8693 86 8793 94 80 86 93 82868793 94 1(4) 85 9 82858693 94 8285 8693 9403 1.3 64.8 43.0 86 82 85 8693 9403 10
() 1 /++ ++ ( ) 60 70 24 80 77 82 83 18 85 11
86 16 11 87 10 88 14 93 () 73 85 16 17, 85 1,028 42.2 90 449 22.5 95 218 10.9 2003 103 5.5 85 49.6 03 53.8 85 34.6 03 25.4 16 17 12
()2000 ( ) 1999b 2003 2004 85 88 12 18 9 90 3 93 95 96 03 92.2 99 18 13
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 77.4 86.4 77.4 87.4 78.3 86.2 2 79.4 88.9 3 79.4 97.3 81.10 85.10 92.6 82.2 88.9 79.5 83.3A 79.1186.6 81.2A ( 18 ) 82.8 86.7 16 88.7 86.7 89.1 14 90.6 89.2 91.7 13 93.5 P 11 87.10 87.12 88.12 90.3 93.7 ( 89 +) 94.5 94.12 ( 67 95.9 + 98.9 99.5 ( ) ( ) 2003 pp252-253 P7-8 19 14
8793 P6 1986b 1991b 1992b 2000b 2001 2003 20 21 15
: : : q : S +, S + d = dp + d+ 1 d d d d d P51 q 89 1986 b 1991 b 1992 b2000 b 20012003 86 26.503 61.8 22 93 22 16
8793 67.2 9403 101.0 8085 13.3 0.2(1.5) 1.0(7.7) 12.1(90.8) (8693 ) (69.2) 1.5(2.2) (18.4(26.6%)) (49.2%(71.2%)) 8793 57.5 4.6(8.0) 14.2(24.8) 38.6(67.2) 9403 52.2 1.2% (2.4%) -1.8% (-3.4%) 52.7% (101.0%) 86 98 85 NEISASEAN 17
3542 56 1 56 8 1 23 3542 56 () 64 5 80 66 69 85 24.8 24 25 85 6.5 23 2003 3 375 356 24 25 1993pp132-134 18
80 85 26 85 6 27 85 28 86 () 26 1985bP85 27 85.6.26 169 28 85 86 87 88 19
29 P&O NLL NOL APL 97 30 31 32 9697 96 95 80.30 97 20
Global Alliance and our Challenges 2003 () 90 21
90 01 97 7 MOL 98 APL CEO MOL MOL 99 MOL MOL 1 2000 15 33 33 100W 10/WW 10W 100/W 200W 5/W 9W 200/W 2,000 2,800 18.2/W 13.4/W 22
9402 6.7 9.5 10.3 7.5 34 23
02 93 39.4 21.3 17.5 80 90 02 93 38.3 02 93 93 02 93 10.7 02 25.3 93 9.2 02 19.2 10 02 93 39.8 24.6 16.4 24
P15 9402 35 49.3 22.2 27.1 96 96 97 2000 11 P53 36 9402 1986b 1991b 1992b 2000b 20012003 35 P15 36 37 14 2002 9 25
38 LNG 13 5 VLCC32 D/W 39 40 41 99 26
42 87 82 100 85,86,87,88,89 86.6 27
94 9294 98 10 99 4 44 98 90 14 75.866.757.752.2 43 12 98 87 88 87 88 88 44 5 P55-56 28
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30
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80 84 ( ) 1984 32
48 80 90 48 1 33
2003a 49 50 70 50 20 50 51 03 52 49 pp27-29 99 97 50 55.9 71.2 51 18.2 51.9 52 Porter1998pp 34
53 54 55 53 2001 73.4 54 2003app30-33 55 2002 2003 2004 35
-EPA- EPA 1 + 6 6 56 ()P43 56 2002p20 36
57 57 37
58 (2)P4446 ODA () ATOS ATOS 4 4 59 02 5.8 5.4 0.4 58 59 ATOS 38
60 OJT () 6 ODA 61 6 60 OJT 61 2002 3,950 39
+ 1 40
1 80 91 2.1 2 92 03 5.3 03 91 1.8 03 91 7.5 10 03 45.7 10.9 1524 2534 58.8 60.4 11.8 9.4 41
62 03 1 664 708 605 42 62
03 1 6 63 16 1 64 43
(1) (1) 80 2(2) ()P21-22 1 65 2001 73.4 40.8 65 2003 2004 5 14 44
2004 2003 (1) BRICs 45
13 4 66 2 07 92 02 79.0 78.2 02 78.4 18.7 17.9 18.4 02 03 3 2 26.6 67 10 80.0 78.6 02 79.1 17.4 16.6 16.6 9294 66 DNA 04.03.11 p5 67 3 977 2003.6.10 p19 46
(3) P28-31 1 4 5 03 04 5 5 68 68 03 1 1 47
64 69 03 7,493 80 70 71 03 47.8 32.3 16.3 81 03 69 70 03 78.6 96 69.4 5 ( 15pp55-56 ) 71 80 96 70 95 70 95 96 69.4 2000p17 80-27.8 86-7.3 2003 80 100 64.5 101.4 48
0.6 2.9 1.7 2000 03 72 2003 7 4,227 55 49 12.7 8081 81 5 529 2000 7 3,932 46.3 01 7.7 02 03 80 0203 85 16.7 03 59.9 8.4 31.7 81 03 4.6 2.1 0.8 72 49
73 93 3 74 98 992000 01 3540 95 79 82 7587 92 03 81 73 TSATrans-pacific Stabilization Agreement EATA Europe Asia Trade Agreement 74 75 71 78 50
1 1 Containerization International KLINE (2004 5 14 ) 10 76 77 1 91 BALTIC DRY INDEX 95 02 8 988 04 2 5,450 79 76 77 51
8788 95 80 BALTIC DRY INDEX 04 4 2004 5 13 78 1 79 Worldscale Association(London) Ltd. Worldscale Association(NYC) Inc. 1 90 Lloyd s Ship Manager 92 97 2 2000 97 03 78 79 WS Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale 52
85 95 80 80 86 90 98 98 93 97 99 80 53
80 2002 98 80 87 8897 300 71 =100 9802 25 03 8897 10 10 65 7 66 6 100 71 LLP Lloyd s Ship Manager 54
81 84 88 89 92 11 11 81 G gross tonnage 100 1 G/T Deadweight TonnageD/W 55
64 4 6 12 83 80 88 6 10 91 10 89 6 98 10 99 4 12 80 (2)() P19-21 20 1964.4 91.10 98.10 88.10 89.6 99.4 1964a 1964b 82 5 83 56
80 1984 60 UNCTAD 84 UNCTAD 10 1974 20 10 83 UNCTAD 84 80 85 84 85 57
81 11.6 86 26.0 62 86 81 81 5.9 86 9.3 81 54.6 86 48.9 92 93 86 58
87 19 1920 1957 66 88 89 68 80 52.8 2003 88.8 87 ISO 35.3 1 2003pp80-81 88 89 20 40 59
1957 1961 1964 1966 1967 1968 1968 1974 1978 ISO/TC104 7 668 668 60
NVOCCNon-vessel Operating Common Carrier 92 70 90 91 2001pp142-143 92 NVOCC 61
84 45 P57 84 10 NVOCC TVR NOVCC SCTVR NOVCC NOVCC SC TVR 88 91 62
2001 2001 EMS No.114 2001 2003 62 URLhttp://www.econ.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kokusai/jiyuu.htm,2004.7. 21 1974a 2000a 1985b 1991b 1964a 1964b 19671980b 1984b 1992b 2000b 1997.6 VOL.74 1986 1991 627 1988 1986 5960 2000 2002 42 2003a No.151 2003b No.167 1999 11 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2002 63
2001 2004 2002 2000 2000.10 No.412 1994 2003 2002/2003 2002 2001/2002 1999 1998/1999 21 1998 1997/1998 2004 No.199 2001 1993 2000 11 2004 6 2005 No.163 2000 1995 1999 99 Spring No.249 1997.6 VOL.74 1985 2004 16 2003 15 2003 70 1 64
2003 9 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 19882003 1986 1986 2001 1994 YU 94.9 2003 2003 200 2003 Vol.27 2001 E. 2000 2003 2002 1997 Hayashi, George2002 Global Alliances and Our Challenge Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. documents at lecture meeting in Tokyo. Porter, Michael E. [1998] On Competition, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. 65