82 1 2016 5 3 7 7 12 14 16 15 16 4 16 17 9 14 N 16 17 16 93 93
3 172 18 1570 1576 17 7 13? 16 N 1612 N 1600 3 2 3 N 16 22 94 94
82 1 2016 5 2014 10 212 3 500 Fabian Drixler Mabiki: Infanticide and Population Growth in Eastern Japan, 1660 1950 2008 infanticide infanticide p 16 fertility p 16 p 15 1660 1940 3 300 550 p 259 100 longitudinal village studies p 19 Own Children Method total fertility rate 1650 1700 5 5 1700 1800 3 5 1800 1900 5 6 1 17 18 19 3 1790 4 14 1660 1790 1 1790 1950 2 95 95
17 3 1 p 91 6 1660 1740 7 1860 72 1 2 3 2 p 112 14 2 1610 1860 0 89 90 10 11 40 12 50 60 p 110 3 1886 3 1 10 p 120 1 2 p 121 42 2008 2 5 7 1900 9 1908 1930 1 13 p 35 Hirosima 2010 18 15 50 Ruggles 2009 demography and discourse p 20 1879 96 96
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1 2 3 4 5 6 1989 20 1999 2012 10 481 7 900 98 98
82 1 2016 5 4 6 7 7 9 10 10 10 99 99
10 11 11 11 11 12 100 100
82 1 2016 5 332 2014 8 348 5 000 1910 60 2003 1910 60 3 1 3 3 4 6 101 101
1950 1960 3 p 140 p 97 99 M 31 180 1956 4 4 10 1953 56 102 102
82 1 2016 5 2014 10 vi 333 6 000 2 1 103 103
9 4 6 3 104 104
82 1 2016 5 2014 6 260 6 200 1883 1872 1954 1 1872 1924 1 2 3 5 2 1925 1938 4 5 6 3 1939 1954 7 8 9 105 105
1 1872 1924 3 1 1872 2 3 5 5 M A 2 1925 38 3 4 1923 31 5 5 6 3 1939 2 7 1939 51 8 51 5 54 9 1945 8 1955 1 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 106 106
82 1 2016 5 1930 3 3 1 2014 3 ix 372 7 800 1911 94 107 107
1920 1920 RC 1930 177 108 108
82 1 2016 5 1940 2014 3 vi 184 5 400 1925 73 1920 2 2 1 1 2 1933 1930 2 3 5 1939 2 1 2 1960 109 109
3 2 1939 1938 1943 4 5 1948 49 5 3 1960 1 2 1 79 2 1960 2 1 110 110
82 1 2016 5 177 1 1950 1 2 3 1 4 4 265 2015 1 284 5 500 2009 1 2 3 4 5 111 111
6 7 7 30 1 2 20 8 3 6 4 31 5 26 41 6 112 112
82 1 2016 5 18 12 2014 4 xvii 298 5 200 15 1 1 15 1 14 2 1950 113 113
60 70 80 2 14 14 3 15 15 8 15 p 121 3 14 16 20 km 4 15 16 2 8 3 30 km 4 15 5 1 12 13 2 16 14 15 114 114
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6 16 16 19 105 18 1830 116 116
82 1 2016 5 200 60 63 63 67 74 75 172 174 210 18 117 173 117 117
2014 11 250 1 650 19 16 17 18 19 1765 1800 1784 1800 16 17 1662 18 1782 1795 1765 1784 19 118 118
1796 19 18 1834 82 1 2016 5 119 119
1834 2014 3 272 4 600 1980 18 2010 1 i ii 5 5 3 2 4 1 3 17 19 18 19 22 4 18 10 18 19 1 3 1 17 120 120
82 1 2016 5 17 18 17 18 4 5 1826 1828 2 1820 3 1770 1 1 3 94 166 7 1 1 1 3 121 121
2 NTT 2014 7 ii 179 2 400 1720 1844 Ron Harris Industrializing English Law; Entrepreneurship and Business Organization, 1720 1844 Cambridge University Press 2000 1 1 1720 2 1720 3 2 1721 1810 4 2 5 6 7 3 1800 44 8 9 10 1 1720 3 2 1720 1810 4 5 6 3 1800 44 1844 8 9 10 122 122
82 1 2016 5 p 5 business corporation joint stock business corporation joint stock business corporation business corporation p 37 joint stock company 1720 1844 p 9 B C 1844 B C 1844 1844 1862 1867 1844 123 123
86 1 16 p 4 1844 B C 2013 10 377 5 000 D R 1851 1945 R The Invisible Weapon: Telecommunications and International Politics 1851 1945 Oxford University Press 1991 1851 1945 1851 1945 1 15 1 15 1 2 3 1866 1895 4 19 5 1895 1901 6 1900 1913 7 1895 1914 8 9 10 1919 1923 11 1924 1939 12 13 14 15 The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century Oxford University Press 1981 The Tentacles of Progress: Transfer in the Age of Imperialism, 1850 1940 Oxford University Press 1988 2 3 3 When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700 1850 Oxford University Press 2000 2011 19 124 124
82 1 2016 5 19 20 1 3 19 4 19 19 20 5 7 8 9 10 11 1920 12 14 15 125 125
2013 6 400 6 500 7 26 29 1 1910 3 2 A YWCA 78 3 86 4 129 5 1917 126 126
82 1 2016 5 YMCA YWCA 6 1919 1910 235 52 53 23 10 2014 92 95 96 1990 231 127 127
2013 9 vi 304 3 800 6 4 1 2 19 3 1934 8 4 128 128
82 1 2016 5 5 6 9 6 6 5 1 W 2 1940 3 2008 2009 F Knauss Unwilling cooperation: German Japanese economic relations in the Second World War exemplified by the Helfferich Mission and the Ostasien Ausschss 2008 Osamu Yanagisawa European Reformism, Nazism, and Traditionalism: Economic Thought in Imperial Japan, 1930 1945 Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang 2015 129 129
4 2 3 25 2013 8 xxiii 440 6 500 2014 1950 1954 2014 50 1950 1950 130 130
82 1 2016 5 ECAFE 60 1950 1950 ASA 1961 1970 91 1950 1950 1960 131 131
50 50 60 1980 APEC 80 ASA 50 2014 3 362 5 800 1996 1935 AFDC TANF 5 1 1996 10 18 10 1990 132 132
82 1 2016 5 2 TANF 1990 5 7 3 4 5 1990 1996 TANF 20 1996 20 20 133 133
20 TANF 1996 3 2014 6 232 3 200 134 134