13, 2003 9 * : 1. ( JFL ) * NAITO Mariko: [ 109 ]
110 2. ( ) ( ) ( 2001) (1995) (1993) ( ) 3. 3 1. ( 1997: 42) (1997: 61 70) 1) 2) 3) ( 1988) ( ) 3 2. 1) ( J ) 2) 20 3) 4) 1 1 1 6 12 1 (2000)
111 1 K KA KB KC KD KE KF K1 20 8 K2 20 K3 20 K4 20 K5 20 K6 20 10 K7 20 1 K8 20 6 K9 20 6 K10 20 K11 20 K12 20 1) ( K ) 2) 20 3) 4) 1 5) 1 1 1 1 JFL J 1 12 5 ( 1 ) ( ) 3 3. 2 ( ) ( ) q X x Y y w X Y x e X x r Y
112 x t y Y X y u Y y i X y o ( 1998) ( 1998) 2 4. 4 1. 100 J K 2.9 J K J 18.2 K 9.8 T t = 3.928 p =.001 J K J K 0.5% 2 3 2 J K 3 K J J K ( ) J K 2 3 J K! ( 2 ) 3 2 K J ( 3 ) J K K ( CS ) ( FS ) = =
113 2 J J K 01 448 42.9 12 01 218 41.3 12 02 086 08.2 10 03 060 11.4 12 03 040 03.8 08 05 017 03.2 05 04 029 02.8 07 04 020 03.8 07 05 022 02.1 04 08 008 01.5 03 06 014 01.3 05 12 004 00.8 04 07 012 01.1 05 000 00.0 00 012 01.1 08 13 004 00.8 04 09 010 01.0 06 02 081 15.3 10 10 009 00.9 05 000 00.0 00! 11 006 00.6 02 000 00.0 00 006 00.6 04 000 00.0 00 006 00.6 03 000 00.0 00 14 005 00.5 03 21 001 00.2 01 005 00.5 01 000 00.0 00 005 00.5 04 000 00.0 00 005 00.5 04 000 00.0 00 720 69.0 413 78.2 ( ) 4 2. (1997: 62) (1992)
114 3 K K J 01 218 41.3 12 01 448 42.9 12 02 081 15.3 10 09 010 01.0 06 03 060 11.4 12 02 086 08.2 10 04 020 03.8 07 04 029 02.8 07 05 017 03.2 05 03 040 03.8 09 06 011 02.1 05 43 001 00.1 01 011 02.1 04 000 00.0 00 08 008 01.5 03 05 022 02.1 04 09 007 01.3 03 000 00.0 00 10 005 00.9 04 000 00.0 00 005 00.9 01 000 00.0 00 12 004 00.8 04 06 014 01.3 05 004 00.8 04 08 012 01.1 08 14 003 00.6 01 000 00.0 00 003 00.6 03 18 004 00.4 04 003 00.6 02 000 00.0 00 460 87.1 666 63.8 ( ) ( ) 2 (1) J10 J9 J9 J9 J10
115? ( 1 ) 2 J10 :?? J9 :??? J10 : J9 :? (1) 4 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 1) J K 4.8% 2) J K K 14 10 K3 K J 7.5% K 33.9% J K T t = 2.717 p = 0.013 5% J K JFL CS FS FS CS FS 5 CS 2?
116 4 J K J1 100.0 0.0 00.0 K1 100.0 00.0 00.0 J2 096.6 0.0 03.4 K2 088.2 00.0 11.8 J3 095.2 0.0 04.8 K3 017.4 43.5 39.1 J4 075.0 0.0 25.0 K4 040.0 00.0 60.0 J5 100.0 0.0 00.0 K5 088.9 03.7 07.4 J6 085.7 0.0 14.3 K6 100.0 00.0 00.0 J7 100.0 0.0 00.0 K7 005.1 00.0 94.9 J8 099.0 0.0 01.0 K8 076.6 00.0 23.4 J9 071.4 0.0 28.6 K9 020.0 00.0 80.0 J10 096.1 0.0 03.9 K10 038.9 05.6 55.6 J11 100.0 0.0 00.0 K11 085.4 04.9 09.8 J12 090.9 0.0 09.1 K12 075.8 00.0 24.2 092.5 0.0 07.5 061.3 04.8 33.9 : % J CS 90% 5% K CS 61.3% CS 44.9% 15% J CS K K 100 (K6) J K CS FS J K ( CS FS ) ( 2 ) J7 : J8 : J7 : J8 :
117 5 J CS K CS (%) CS (%) CS (%) CS (%) J1 100.0 100.0 K1 100.0 100.0 J2 096.6 100.0 K2 088.2 050.0 J3 095.2 100.0 K3 017.4 000.0 J4 075.0 100.0 K4 040.0 033.3 J5 100.0 100.0 K5 088.9 050.0 J6 085.7 100.0 K6 100.0 000.0 J7 100.0 100.0 K7 005.1 030.8 J8 099.0 100.0 K8 076.6 040.0 J9 071.4 083.9 K9 020.0 050.0 J10 096.1 090.0 K10 038.9 050.0 J11 100.0 100.0 K11 085.4 080.0 J12 090.9 100.0 K12 075.8 054.5 092.5 097.8 061.3 044.9 J7 : J8 : J7 : J8 : J7 : J8 : ( 3 ) K7: K8: K7:? K8: K7: K8: K7: K8: J (2) CS K (3) CS FS K CS FS J J
118 6 J K CS FS CS FS CS FS CS FS JA JB JC JD JE JF J1 065 00 017 0 K1 087 000 02 00 KA J2 056 02 019 0 K2 067 009 02 02 J3 040 02 020 0 K3 004 019 00 12 KB J4 018 06 026 0 K4 002 003 02 04 J5 050 00 007 0 K5 024 003 01 01 KC J6 006 01 004 0 K6 009 000 00 03 J7 047 00 015 0 K7 002 037 04 09 KD J8 104 01 032 0 K8 036 011 08 12 J9 055 22 026 5 K9 002 008 01 01 KE J10 123 05 009 1 K10 007 011 03 03 J11 030 00 025 0 K11 035 006 04 01 KF J12 010 01 020 0 K12 025 008 06 05 604 40 220 6 415 115 33 53 50.3 3.3 18.3 0.5 25.0 9.6 2.8 4.4 7.5% J K FS 5. CS FS 6 J 12 8 FS FS JE 2 10 JE FS J JE FS J
119 CS FS K FS 12 10 FS 9 J 5 1. J J JE J FS JE 13 11 ( 4 ) J5 : J6 : J5 : J6 : ( 5 ) J7 : J8 : J7 : J8 : J7 : J8 :? ( 6 ) 2 J3 : J4 : J3 : J4 : J3 : J4 : J3 : J4 : J3 : J4 : FS 2 ( (7) ) ( 7 ) J1 : J2 : J1 : J2 :
120 J1 : J2 :? J1 : J2 : J FS FS JE 6 4 FTA (facethreatening acts; ) ( 1998: 184) (1998: 193) ( ) FTA FTA J FS 3 FTA 5 2. K K FS J FS K 6 2 2 FS J FS CS ( (8) ) FS ( (9) ) ( 8 ) K1 : K2 K2 : K1 : K2 : K1 :? K2 : K1 :? K2 : 3 Brown and Levinson (1987 [1978]: 178 187) FTA Give deference
121 ( 9 ) K7 : K8 : K7 : K8 : K FTA CS FS ( (10) ) ( 10 ) K11 : K12 : K11 : K12 : K11 : K12 : K11 : K12 : J 2 ( (5) (11) ) (10) KF K12 ( 11 ) J3 : J4 : J3 : J4 : K 1 ( 12 ) K1 : K2 : K1 : K2 : K1 : K2 : K K CS FS FS FS
122 CS 6 K 12 9 CS FS FS CS K 86 ( ) 44 FS 39 FS 70% J 97 FS 6 FS K FS FS CS FS 1 ( ) 13 J 6. J CS K CS FS J J K 6 1. JFL JFL q K 1 (1987)
123 J K w FS K JFL CS JFL FS CS e (1995) ( ) CS FS 6 2.
124 J K 12 2001 (2001) 10 (1992) 30 15 : 147 151 (1995) 662 : 27 42 (1987) 62 : 165 178 (2000) 10 (2000) 12 : 104 109 (2000) 10 ( ) (1998) (1995) 5 : 239 251 (1988) 64 : 13 26 (1997) (1983) 3 : 37 44 (1984) : 261 279 (1988) 7 13 : 4 11 (1993) 12 4 : 4 10 (1993) I 42 1 : 39 51 (1998) 10 : 116 121 (1994) 82 : 110 122
125 Brown, Penelope and Levinson, Stephen C. (1987[1978]), Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 178 187 (1998) (1998)