237 243 2013 Chikyukagaku Geochemistry 237 243 2013 Identification of the sources of vermilion in the burial mounds of the Late Yayoi to Kofun periods in the coast of Japan Sea of western Japan using sulfur isotope ratio Takeshi MINAMI,MayaKAWANO,Noboru FURUKAWA, Kazuya TAKAHASHI,AkinoriTAKEUCHI and Setsuo IMAZU Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan Cultural Heritage Center of Fukui City, 4-748 Fuchi, Fukui, 918-8026, Japan RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan Kyushu National Museum, 4-7-2 Ishisaka, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0118, Japan Corresponding author (minamita@life.kindai.ac.jp) Vermilion was collected from powerful people s mounds of places of Japan Sea coast depending on the period from the decline of the Yayoi to Kofun and was measured sulfur isotope ratio ( 34 Svalue), and compared the value obtained fromcinnabar ores of three Japanese mines, Niu, Yamato-suigin, and Sui, and two Chinese mines, Wanshan and Xunyang, which were selected from old records. The vermilion of the late Yayoi period, the 1st to 2nd century A.D., was from China, and the vermilion of the early Kofun period, from the late 3rd century A.D., was from Japan. During the late Yayoi and early Kofun periods, the 3rd century A.D., the vermilion showed the middle of the shift of Japanese cinnabar. It is concluded that the measurement of sulfur isotope of vermilion is an effective method for the determination of original sources of vermilion. Key words: Vermillion, Sulfur isotope ratio, Burialmound, Yayoi Period, Kofun Period 577 8502 3 4 1 918 8026 4 748 351 0198 2 1 305 8506 16 2 818 0118 4 7 2
;HgS 1998 ;Fe2O3 600 3 4 3 1 4 10 kg 1 1995; 1998 1998 34 10 kg 1 Minami et al., 2005 32 S 33 S 34 S 36 S 4 95.02% 0.75% 4.21% 0.02 32 S 34 S 34 S Ishihara et al. 2000 3 4 kg 3 2004; 2009 2008 1998 1998 Minami et al., 2005
Fig. 1 Places of cinnabar mines and burial mounds of the Coast of Japan Sea from the late Yayoi to Kofun periods. (a) Cinnabar mines in Japan and China, (b) Burial mounds of Japan Sea Coast. 2 3 34 S 34 S Minami et al., 2005 34 S Minami et al., 2005; 2011Ishihara et al. 2000 Fig. 1 30130 3 30 Table 1 b b a 1 4
Table 1 Ratio of sulfur isotope of vermilion collected from burial mounds in Fukui Prefecture. Vermilion samples were collected from the area of the foot of the remains (a) and from the area of head of the remains (b) in Wooden coffin. 1998 20 m 50 m : 1: 3Minami et al. 2005 10 mg : 3:1 5ml 100 C 1 100 C Dowex 50 W-X 8 20 ml 1M 60 C 10 mg 100 mg 470 C 1 950 C Thermo Finnigan DELTAplus; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 32 S 34 S 34 S 0.2 10 mg 400 g Elemental Analyzer Euro EA HEKAtech GmbH, Germany 1,000 C IsoPrism High Performance Stable Isotope Ratio MS, GV Instrument Ltd., EVISA, Germany 34 S 0.2 500 g 1/20 14.9315.992 21.6912.63 13 Fig. 2r 0.971 n 15 34 S 34 S 22.58 3.63n 15 10.5 0.1n 4 7.26 1.85n 34 2.38 1.44n 17 2.05 1.62n 66 20112 3 34 S
Fig. 2 Relationship between old and new methods for the measurement of sulfur isotope Fifteen cinnabar ores were measured sulfur isotope ratio using both old and new methods. Old method: Minami et al.(2005). Table 1 30 34 S 6.4n 2 34 S 5.4n 1 34 S Ishihara et al. 2000 30 34 S 3.36.8 34 S 3 2011 4 1 3.4 2 34 S 34 S Table 2Fig. 1 Fig. 1 34 S Table 2 34 S 1 2 3 3
Table 2 Ratio of sulfur isotope of vermilion collected from burial mounds in the coast of Japan Sea of Western Japan from late Yayoi to Kofun periods. 2012 11 10 34 S 2011 1 1 Table 2 6 34 S 34 S 2011 34 S 34 S 3 61 1 1 2 15
30 1 1998 438 10 14. 199531 32 63 79. 1998 62 39 46. 1998 438 19 23. 2004 46 67 74. 2009 58 25 29. 2008 20 41 48. 1998 438 17 18. Minami, T., Imai, A., Bunno, M., Kawakami, K. and Imazu, S. (2005) Using sulfur isotopes to determine the sources of vermillion in ancient burial mounds in Japan. Geoarchaeology, 20,79 84. 2011 62 65 72. Ishihara, S., Sasaki, A., Minagawa, T., Bunno, M., Shishido, A. and Tanaka, R. (2000) Paired sulfur isotope belts: Late cenozoic ore deposits of southwest Japan. 51 283 297. 196 pp.