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C air gas turbine steam turbine fuel % Fuel gas turbine output 35% heat recovery boiler comdenser loss exhaust loss 22% 28% steam turbine output 15% Temperature, T B A b a Brayton cycle b' c' Rankine cycle Entropy, S D c d *+!"#$ éè.æq æ.æäœß* ^Z ˇà!gh 3+ 8&1&567 (41&567 PQRST)!!".#$%$&$ >+ 8&1& FGHI&& /J/7!"#$%&& /&& )=>++,-. /%12& 96&& /&& )=*++,-. 961&58& ABCDE96&& '(&)*++,-. 961&5(4?@ K+ '(& )3++,!-. 96&&:;< L+++ L+=+ L+L+ L+M+ L+K+ L+>+ NO
gas turbine HRSG nitrogen combustor steam ASU oxygen coal gasifier gas cooler gas clean-up steam turbine ash/slag steam
Currently operational coal fired IGCC plants Name Location Output Coal type -properties Gasifier Status* Yea rt Comments (MWe) Buggenum Netherlands 25 Australian Shell (entrained o 1994-95 2 Vd. bituminous, flow, oxygen, dry feed, slagging) 1426'C, 2.6 MPa Wabash Indiana, 262 bituminous (lllinois) Destec (two- o 1995 Reing of existing Polk Florida, 25 bituminous Texaco O 1996 22 Vd (dry) tests on Vresova Czech gross: lignite high moisture Lurgi o 1995-96 Old town ga s plant Puertollano Spain 3 S (ar):.93 wiolo Prenflo O 1996-98 26 Vd. Schwarze Dresden, gross: high moisture lignite BGL (moving o 1997 Reing of old town Pi~on Pine Nevada, bituminous S KRW (fluidised c 1998 First fluidised bed air- * O = operational; C = commissioning t commissioning year "#éè æ%@a+ ($%
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7L/+,EF1G.3) 89 : CH4 Exergy rate 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 89 818 enthalpy [kj] exergy [kj] exergy loss 195 thermal energy 89 623 process coordinate 25 2 15 12 8 6 5 4 298 Temperature [ K ] 7L/;<+,EF1G.3) 89 : Exergy rate 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CH4 89 818 thermal energy 253 131 enthalpy [kj] exergy [kj] 4H2 1143 949 exergy loss 149 process coordinate thermal energy 1143 8 25 2 15 12 8 6 5 4 298 Temperature [ K ]
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E,K1G. >iéè}t UVæWXYZ k æ.øfi [YZ E,K1G. >[YZ exergy rate 5 95! = gasifier GT ST 8 66 exergy loss 39 2 8 8 48 28 + 24 28 28 4 16 12 4 exhaust loss 6 24 24 24 condenser loss 36 = 52% (48%) exergy rate 5 95! = gasifier GT ST 135 19 exergy loss 28 35 14 135 81 47 + 12 47 47 exhaust 24 loss 8 29 12 12 12 condenser loss 17 = 59% (55%) E,K1G. >iéè}t UVæWXYZ k æ.øfi [YZ E,K1G. >[YZ exergy rate 5 95 gasifier FC GT ST 8 66 2 8 56 47 24 19 24 15 32 32 24 15 48 3 16 16 exhaust 22 loss 1 1 4 3 12 12 12 condenser loss 18 exergy rate 5 95 gasifier FC GT ST 168 136 68 41 41 41 44 27 83 55 24 14 29 29 exhaust 12 loss 6 6 6 18 6 12 condenser loss! = 32 + 16 + 12 = 6% (56%)! = 41+ 29 + 6 = 76% (7%)
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