LAN AP 19 2 16
18 LAN AP (AP, Access Point) LAN (STA, Station) (RSSI, Received Signal Strength Indicator) AP AP STA AP LAN AP STA LAN AP LAN LAN STA AP LAN (Local Area Network) AP (Access Point)
1 1 2 LAN 3 2.1...................................... 3 2.2 LAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g)........................... 4 2.3 MAC.......................................... 5 2.3.1 CSMA/CA................................. 5 2.3.2 IFS................................ 6 2.3.3................................... 7 2.3.4 RTS/CTS..................................... 8 2.3.5................................. 9 2.4.................................. 9 2.4.1.......................... 9 2.4.2................................. 10 2.4.3 (WDS : Wireless Distribution System) 10 2.5.................................. 11 2.5.1.......................... 11 2.6 LAN.............................. 14 3 AP 15 3.1 MLT.................................... 15 3.2 MLT-M.................................. 16 3.3 MLTAB.................................. 17 3.4...................................... 19 4 21 4.1................................. 21 4.1.1 MLT-M....................... 21 i
4.1.2 MLTAB....................... 23 4.2.......................................... 24 5 26 5.1 MLT-M.......................................... 26 5.1.1............................... 26 5.1.2................................. 27 5.1.3............................. 28 5.1.4............................. 31 5.2 MLTAB.......................................... 32 5.2.1 STA 11b............................ 32 5.2.2 STA 11g............................ 34 5.2.3.................... 38 5.2.4 STA.............................. 40 6 43 44 45 ii
1 IEEE802.11 LAN [1] 1 AP (Access Point) 10 m AP LAN AP LAN AP LAN LAN IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11s 802.11 MAC (Media Access Control) [2] [3] AP (STA Station) STA AP LAN STA STA STA AP STA RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator : ) AP [4] AP AP STA STA RSSI AP AP STA (RSS, Received Signal Strength) [5] [6] STA AP MLT(Maximizing Local Throughput) AP [7] [8] AP LAN 1
AP LAN AP LAN AP STA MLT LAN LAN AP-AP PER(Packet Error Rate) AP LAN AP AP 2 LAN 3 4 5 6 2
2 LAN LAN IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 1997 IEEE802.11 802.11b ( 802.11b) IEEE 802.11a ( 802.11a) IEEE 802.11g ( 802.11g) 802.11a/b/g LAN 2.1 LAN IEEE802 1 IEEE802.11 MAC (Medium Access Control) MAC 2.1! #"$ ',,,65 78:9 ;<32 =>? @ :' BA C EDF3* ' G %&& (' *) & +-,. / 01&2/ ',,,6578:9 8H= C@ "$ DI /*G ',,,65 78:9 L ',,,65 78:9 ; ;J/ 01& K#/4& / 0!& K#/J% ;7ba &,:cfd 3+ ' /4&- M NPOQBR R MNPOQBRR M NPOQBR RZY M N OQBR R_^ ;7ba &,:c8 ST:U U XU UU [ SX]\ & +-,. X:U`U U V TW V TW V T(W ;7ba &,ci ; 7ba &,e,> I l m m m MNPOQBRR f1 '. Ag g C b0hi @ jk @ < &- ;7Ea &,e,> 2.1: IEEE802 3
2.1: 802.11a/b/g LAN 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 1999 1999 2003 2.4GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz ( ) 4 8 4 11Mb/s 54Mb/s 54Mb/s 2.2 LAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g) 802.11b 2.4GHz 11 Mb/s LAN 1999 802.11b 2.4GHz 802.11b 14 4 802.11b CSMA/CA MAC 5 Mb/s 1999 802.11a 5GHz 54 Mb/s LAN 2005 802.11a 8 802.11a OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 802.11a 802.11b CSMA/CA MAC 25 Mb/s 802.11g 2.4GHz 54 Mb/s LAN 2003 802.11g 802.11b ISM 2.4GHz 802.11b ( ) 802.11g 802.11b DSSS/CCK 802.11a OFDM 2.4GHz 54 Mb/s 4
802.11b CSMA/CA MAC 802.11g 20 Mb/s IEEE802.11a/b/g LAN 2.1 2.3 MAC MAC LAN CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) IFS RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send) LAN 2.3.1 CSMA/CA 802.11 LAN (DCF : Distributed Coordination Function) CSMA/CA CSMA/CA STA ( ) IFS (Inter Frame Space) STA STA CW (Contention Window) CSMA/CA STA STA STA 5
2.2: IFS 2.3.2 IFS 2.3.1 IEEE802.11 IFS CW IFS IFS IFS 2.2 SIFS (Short Interframe Space) ACK CTS PIFS (PCF Interframe Space) 802.11 PCF (Point Coordination Function) DIFS (DCF Interframe Space) DIFS IFS DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) RTS 6
2.3: 2.3.3 STA (Hidden Terminal Problem) 2.3.1 CSMA/CA 2.3 STA1 STA2 STA3 STA1 STA2 STA1 STA2 STA1 AP STA3 AP STA3 STA1 STA3 STA1 STA3 7
" /! #$&%('*)(+ +!!!,.- 2, 0, 1 2.4: RTS/CTS 2.3.4 RTS/CTS 2.3.3 802.11 RTS/CTS RTS/CTS STA 2.3 RTS/CTS 2.4 STA1 DIFS (Distributed Inter Frame Spacing) RTS AP STA1 STA2 STA1 RTS STA2 STA2 RTS (NAV : NetworkAllocation Vector) RTS AP SIFS (Short Inter Frame Spacing) STA1 CTS AP CTS STA3 STA3 STA3 CTS NAV CTS STA1 SIFS 8
AP ACK STA1 RTS/CTS NAV ACK RTS/CTS 2.3.5 STA LAN AP 2 AP STA Probe Request AP (Probe Response) AP Probe Response STA AP LAN Reassociation Request AP Probe Request AP Beacon STA AP Reassociation Request STA AP Reassociation Response 2.4 802.11 LAN (WDS Wireless Distribution System) 3 2.4.1 AP ( ) STA AP STA BSS (Basic Service Set) STA (BSS) AP ( ) 2.5 BSS ESS (Extended Service Set) 9
2.5: 2.4.2 2.6 AP STA STA BSS IBSS (Independent BSS) STA 2.4.3 (WDS : Wireless Distribution System) WDS 2.7 AP ESS (BSS) WDS 802.11 10
2.6: 2.7: 2.5 LAN AP PHS 10 m LAN AP AP AP AP 2.8 AP STA 2.9 LAN STA AP AP AP STA 1 LAN LAN 2.10 AP STA LAN LAN 2.5.1 11
2.8: 2.9: 12
2.10: [9] WDS IEEE802.11s AP [2] [3] LAN AP AP LAN LAN AP LAN 1. AP 13
2.11: AP STA 2. AP 2 2 LAN 2.6 LAN 2.5 LAN 10 m LAN AP LAN STA STA STA 1 AP STA 10 20 STA AP AP LAN STA AP STA AP RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator : ) STA RSSI AP [4] 2.11 STA AP STA [5] [6] 14
3 AP 2.6 LAN AP LAN AP MLT (Maximizing Local Throughput) [7] [8] MLT LAN AP MLT-M (MLT extention for Multihop environment) LAN AP MLTAB (MLT with Avoiding Bottleneck) 3.1 MLT LAN AP MLT MLT STA AP AP RTS/CTS CSMA/CA Data[bits] t T (3.1) t T = RT S + CT S + Data(bits) Rate(b/s) + ACK + DIF S + 3SIF S + overhead (3.1) PER (Packet Error Rate) P T w (3.2) T w = t T + P i (1 P ) i t T = t T 1 P i=1 N STA AP STA (N + 1) (3.3) (3.2) Φ = Data Data (1 P ) = (3.3) (N + 1) T w (N + 1) t T 15
STA N AP Probe Response Beacon STA STA (3.4) MLT AP [7] W MLT = 1 P N + 1 (3.4) (3.4) P PER MLT STA AP 3.2 MLT-M MLT LAN AP LAN LAN AP PER MLT-M (MLT extension for Multihop Environment) 3.1 AP 3.1 AP0 (GW, Gateway) 2 AP AP AP ( ) 3.1 AP AP1 AP AP0 P up AP STA PER P low AP STA PER P m AP AP PER AP PER P m (3.4) (3.5) W 1 = (1 P low) (1 P m ) N low + 1 (3.5) N low AP STA AP Probe Response Beacon STA AP PER(P m ) AP AP MAC STA (3.5) (a) AP MLT 16
#"$%&'(&$ =;">%8&7';(8&>.34 567898:: 96 "! ;"<. / 01 ) * -.2 ) *,+? @,A 3.1: (2hop) (3.6) (b) W 0 = 1 P up N up + 1 (3.6) N up AP STA STA (a), (b) AP W AP AP 3.3 MLTAB MLT-M STA AP AP LAN STA AP LAN MLTAB (MLT with Avoiding Bottleneck) (3.7) 17
1 W = (N + 1) B (3.7) B AP AP B AP B (STEP1) STA STA N STA AP-STA B AP B B W (STEP2) Greedy GW ( GateWay) STA AP AP ACK TCP AP [10] B PER P m AP L t T STEP1 3.2 AP2 AP1-AP2 AP L 3 AP1 L = 10 GW-AP AP AP B STA STEP2 STA AP B STA N (3.8) STA AP-STA AP STA L = 1 STA AP B B W = 1 (N + 1) B = 1 L t (N + 1) T (3.8) 1 P m STA AP W AP AP 18
/ / >?, "!$##%&A)(*,+ 32 01 C<,36 4 58 59 : > )?@ 01 32 56 54 38 39 :,B7 5; <&= "!$##%&')(*,+-. 37 3; <&= ) 3.2: +*" )*"!" $&%" $#%" '(" 3.3: 3.4 STA AP LAN STA AP AP STA AP [7] [8] 3.3 3.3 STA Search Interval (SI) AP (1) 19
AP AP new re-search STA Backoff Time (BT) (2) AP new AP STA AP new idle (3) AP AP STA search (4) AP AP AP AP new STA re-search BT (5) STA Idle Time (IT) search (6) 20
4 4.1 4.1.1 MLT-M MLT-M Network Simulator 2 Static Routing TeNs (The Enhanced Network Simulator) [11] 20 STA 4.1 40 m 80 m (AREA 1-4) 4.2 40 m 120 m (AREA 5) 10 AREA 1 STA AREA 2 AP STA AREA 3 AREA 4 STA AP STA AREA 5 STA STA 2 AP Static Routing FTP (Source) AP0 TCP 1500 Byte 4.1 AP1 STA AP0 AP1 STA 4.1 2 4.2 3 LAN 802.11b shadowing PER 4.5 AP STA LAN [7] 4.1 21
# $&% # "! $&' 4.1: STA (MLT-M, 2hop)! 4.2: STA (MLT-M, 3hop) 100 PER(%) 80 60 40 20 4.1: SI BT 3.0 sec 0 1.0 sec 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distance(m) IT 3.0 sec 4.3: -PER (MLT-M) 22
-/.0 1 -/.0 -/.0 32! #"$%'& ( ) *$&%,+ -/.0 4 4.4: STA (MLTAB) 4.1.2 MLTAB MLTAB QualNet3.9.5 STA 4.4 60 m 60 m 120 m 120 m 80 AREA1 STA AREA2 AREA3 STA AP AP AREA4 STA STA 10 AP 23
PER(%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 11a 11b 11g 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Distance(m) 4.5: -PER (MLTAB) AP Static Routing FTP GW STA TCP 1,500 Byte STA 802.11b (11 Mb/s) 802.11g (54 Mb/s) AP 802.11a (54 Mb/s) PER 4.5 AP STA LAN MLT-M [7] 4.1 4.2 STA LAN STA Balance Index (BI) [12] BI (4.1) β 1 1/N 24
β = ( B i ) 2 N (B 2 i ) (4.1) B i ST A i N STA AP AP STA AP 25
5 5.1 MLT-M AP AP MLT-M 5.1.1 4.1 STA AREA1 5.1 STA RSS 100 500 Kb/s MLT 100 400 Kb/s MLT-M 150 300 Kb/s 5.1 RSS 220 Kb/s MLT-M 80 Kb/s MLT-M RSS MLT Probability 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput[Kb/s] RSS MLT MLT-M 5.1: (AREA1) 26
5.1: (AREA1) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 138.34 240.05 359.26 4801.09 0.8349 MLT 133.56 238.62 340.77 4772.37 0.8558 MLT-M 176.96 228.41 260.34 4568.19 0.9700 BI 5.1 MLT-M RSS MLT 40 Kb/s STA (AREA1) MLT-M STA 5.1.2 4.1 STA AREA2 5.2 RSS STA 80 Kb/s 600 Kb/s STA MLT 100 400 Kb/s MLT-M 100 250 Kb/s 5.2 RSS 880 Kb/s MLT 270 Kb/s MLT-M 100 Kb/s RSS 60 Kb/s MLT 40 Kb/s MLT-M RSS STA STA 5.2 MLT-M RSS MLT-M BI STA (AREA2) MLT-M RSS MLT AP 27
0.18 0.16 0.14 RSS MLT MLT-M Probability 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.2: (AREA2) 5.2: (AREA2) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 81.08 235.66 963.52 4713.19 0.4116 MLT 104.64 212.56 375.43 4251.15 0.7393 MLT-M 142.64 196.15 239.40 3923.03 0.9545 5.1.3 4.1 STA AREA3 AREA4 5.3 5.4 RSS RSS AP STA AP0 AP1 1 AP STA 28
0.6 0.5 RSS MLT MLT-M Probability 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.7 0.6 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.3: (AREA3) RSS MLT MLT-M Probability 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.4: (AREA4) 29
5.3: (AREA3) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 59.70 70.46 73.80 1409.27 0.9683 MLT 94.02 183.20 349.67 3664.09 0.7066 MLT-M 125.85 168.73 209.15 3374.65 0.9284 5.4: (AREA4) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 166.93 167.90 168.98 3358.00 1.0000 MLT 199.74 240.66 259.07 4813.23 0.9903 MLT-M 211.58 240.45 368.73 4809.09 0.9419 RSS LAN STA 5.3 5.4 MLT MLT-M STA AP AP STA STA RSS 5.3 5.4 RSS MLT-M MLT RSS MLT-M MLT AREA3 2000 Kb/s AREA4 1500 Kb/s STA MLT MLT-M RSS 5.3 5.4 RSS BI STA AP0 AP1 STA MLT-M RSS BI MLT AREA4 MLT-M AREA3 MLT-M STA (AREA3 AREA4) MLT-M 30
0.09 0.08 0.07 RSS MLT MLT-M Probability 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.5: (AREA5) 5.1.4 2 MLT-M AP 4.2 3 4.2 STA AREA5 5.5 RSS MLT 100 600 Kb/s 5.5 RSS 450 Kb/s MLT 410 Kb/s 600 Kb/s STA AP RSS MLT AP0 STA MLT-M 100 400 Kb/s 5.5 230 Kb/s MLT-M RSS MLT 20 Kb/s 31
5.5: (AREA5) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 84.35 228.72 537.01 4574.36 0.5846 MLT 81.94 224.37 491.13 4487.35 0.5900 MLT-M 100.41 210.35 330.45 4207.10 0.7719 MLT-M STA AP RSS MLT 20 Kb/s 5.5 STA BI 0.2 MLT-M LAN AP PER AP MLT-M STA RSS MLT STA 5.2 MLTAB MLT-M AP MLTAB 5.2.1 STA 11b STA 4.4 AREA1 AP 11b 11a 11b 4 5 AP-STA 5.6 STA RSS 200 1,000 Kb/s MLT MLTAB 300 Kb/s 500 Kb/s 5.6 RSS 800 Kb/s MLTAB 160 Kb/s 32
0.16 0.14 0.12 RSS MLT MLTAB Probability 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.6: (AP-11a/STA-11b, AREA1) 5.6 MLT MLTAB RSS BI RSS 5.6 MLT MLTAB RSS 100 Kb/s MLT MLTAB STA 11b AP-STA AP-STA AP MLT MLTAB STA (AREA1) AP-STA AP MLT MLTAB STA 5.7 MLTAB AP 5.72 17.82 STA (AREA1) MLTAB 33
5.6: (AP-11a/STA-11b, AREA1) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 207.20 395.92 1082.81 31673.88 0.84 MLT 319.10 388.67 472.21 31093.34 0.99 MLTAB 311.40 387.49 470.41 30999.25 0.99 5.7: (AP-11a/STA-11b, AREA1) (sec) AP MLTAB 1.86 5.72 17.82 5.2.2 STA 11g STA 11g AP GW 5.7 RSS 200 2,500 Kb/s MLT 200 2,500 Kb/s RSS 2,500 Kb/s STA RSS MLT AP-STA AP AP AP MLTAB 600 Kb/s 2,000 Kb/s RSS MLT 5.8 RSS MLT 2,800 1,800 Kb/s MLTAB 1,500 Kb/s RSS MLT STA AP MLTAB AP STA RSS MLT 450 Kb/s AP MLTAB STA AP STA 34
Probability 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Throughput[Kb/s] RSS MLT MLTAB 5.7: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA1) 5.8: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA1) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 185.78 841.68 3024.04 67334.15 0.58 MLT 183.43 836.78 2292.23 66942.69 0.71 MLTAB 645.87 865.88 2157.32 69270.83 0.88 5.8 MLTAB RSS MLT BI RSS MLT STA (AREA2) MLTAB RSS MLT 5.9 MLTAB AP 4.73 14.19 STA 10 AP 35
5.9: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA1) (sec) AP MLTAB 0.00 4.73 14.19 AP MLTAB 4.4 STA AREA3 AREA4 5.8 5.9 RSS STA RSS AP STA AP AP STA RSS LAN STA MLT AP AP STA 5.8 5.9 STA AP MLTAB STA AP STA RSS MLT 5.10 5.11 RSS MLTAB RSS MLT MLTAB STA MLTAB 2 5.12 5.13 MLTAB AP AREA2 AREA3 6.80 5.12 10.15 11.04 STA AREA3 AREA4 10 AP MLTAB AP 36
0.25 0.2 RSS MLT MLTAB Probability 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.8: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA2) 0.25 0.2 RSS MLT MLTAB Probability 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.9: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA3) 37
5.10: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA2) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 29.37 493.53 1889.18 39482.48 0.54 MLT 207.74 811.79 2238.99 64943.55 0.70 MLTAB 608.51 835.08 2094.73 66806.52 0.87 5.11: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA3) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 162.65 604.60 1580.92 48367.63 0.72 MLT 180.44 836.57 2262.06 66925.59 0.71 MLTAB 641.07 867.27 2099.88 69381.77 0.88 5.12: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA2) (sec) AP MLTAB 2.57 6.80 10.15 5.13: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA3) (sec) AP MLTAB 0.54 5.12 11.04 5.2.3 4.4 AREA4 5.2.1 5.2.2 AP AREA4 AP AP AP STA AP 5.10 38
0.16 0.14 0.12 RSS MLT MLTAB Probability 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Throughput[Kb/s] 5.10: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4) AP-STA AP RSS MLT 100 3,000 Kb/s 3,000 Kb/s STA AP MLTAB 600 Kb/s 1,500 Kb/s 5.14 RSS MLT 11,100 3,900 Kb/s MLTAB 900 Kb/s 600 Kb/s MLTAB RSS STA STA 5.14 MLTAB RSS MLT BI RSS MLT (AREA4) MLTAB 2 5.15 MLTAB AP 39
5.14: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 88.13 846.63 11240.97 67730.14 0.31 MLT 51.40 857.37 3939.47 68589.44 0.52 MLTAB 653.96 917.19 1523.91 73375.00 0.94 5.15: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4) (sec) AP MLTAB 1.25 4.75 11.68 4.75 11.68 MLTAB AP 5.2.4 STA 4.4 AREA4 STA 80 120 AREA4 AP AP AP STA AP 5.11 AP-STA AP RSS MLT 10 1,000 Kb/s AP MLTAB 100 Kb/s 1,200 Kb/s 5.16 RSS MLT 4 Kb/s 2 Kb/s TCP 40
Probability 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Throughput[Kb/s] RSS MLT MLTAB 5.11: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4, STA=120) TCP AP MLTAB RSS MLT 5.16 MLTAB BI RSS MLT STA 120 MLTAB 2 5.17 MLTAB AP 4.48 11.78 STA 10 AP STA MLTAB AP MLTAB LAN STA 41
5.16: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4, STA=120) (Kb/s) AP BI RSS 4.54 524.70 5639.74 62963.68 0.30 MLT 2.32 538.41 2534.67 64608.92 0.47 MLTAB 59.07 578.28 1136.85 69393.85 0.85 5.17: (AP-11a/STA-11g, AREA4, STA=120) (sec) AP MLTAB 0.00 4.48 11.78 RSS MLT MLTAB AP AP 42
6 LAN STA AP AP STA AP LAN [7] [8] AP STA AP LAN AP AP PER LAN STA AP STA RSS AP STA STA AP LAN AP STA AP AP AP RSS MLT AP STA LAN STA RSS AP STA AP STA AP AP RSS MLT LAN AP 43
44
[1] IEEE, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE Std. 802.11-1997, 1997. [2] IEEE Standard 802.11TGs, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/reports/tgs_update.htm [3], LAN, B Vol. J89-B No. 6 pp. 811-823, June. 2006 [4] M. S. Gast, 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide, O REILLY, 2002. [5] A. Balachandran, G. M. Voelker, and P. Bahl, Hot-Spot Congestion Relief in Public-area Wireless Networks, Proceedings of WMCSA 02, Callicoon, NY, pp. 70-82, June. 2002. [6] I. Papanikos and M. Logothetis, A Study on Dynamic Load Balance for IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN, Proc. 8th International Conference on Advances in Communication & Control, COMCON 8, Rethymna, Crete Greece, June. 2001. [7] Y.Fukuda, T.Abe, and Y.OIE, Decentralized Access Point for Wireless LANs, In the Proceedings of WTS 2004, SA3, May. 2004. [8] Y. Fukuda, and Y. OIE, Analysis of Access Point Selection Strategy in Wireless LAN, IEEE 62nd Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2005-fall), CD-ROM(6-E-5), 25-28 Sep. 2005. [9] pp.65-70 2004 3 15 [10], LAN, IN2005-218 pp.365-370 March 2006 [11] The Enhanced Network Simulator (TeNs), http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~bhaskar/tens/ 45
[12] D. Chiu and R. Jain, Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks, Journal of Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol. 17, pp. 1-14, Jun. 1989. 46