Fermi ( )
Outline Introduction Blazar Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) Predictions for the Fermi mission (Prospects for CTA) Summary
The Blazar Sequence and the Cosmic Gamma-ray Background Radiation in the Fermi Era submitted to ApJ, arxiv:08.3580 YI & Totani 2008
GeV E^2 dj/de (kev/cm^2/s/sr) AGN Blazars? (Stecker & Salamon 96, Chiang & Mukherjee 98, Mücke & Pohl 00, Narumoto & Totani 06, Dermer 07) Galaxy Cluster Merger? (Loeb & Waxman 00; Totani & Kitayama 00) kev MeV GeV Dark Matter Energy (kev) Sreekumar et al. 1998 Annihilation? (Oda et al. 05; Horiuchi & Ando 06; Ando+ 07 )
Log!L! (erg s -1 ) 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41-5 0 5 Log E " (ev)
dn/log(z) dn/log(lγ) Redshift z log(lγ [erg/s])
E^2 dj/de (kev/cm^2/s/sr) AGN Energy (kev)
AGNの硬X線スペクトル起源 YI 天文月報2008年７月号EUREKA
E^2 dj/de (kev/cm^2/s/sr) Energy (kev) YI, Totani, & Ueda 08
E 2 dn/de (MeV 2 cm -2 s -1 MeV -1 sr -1 ) -1-2 -3-4 EGRET (S98) EGRET (S04a) EGRET (S98+S08) -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Photon Energy (MeV) Blazar: U03 (q, γ 1 ) Non-blazar (Γ=3.5): ITU08 Non-blazar (Γ=3.8): ITU08 Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.5) Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.8) X-ray MeV GeV HEAO-1 Swift/BAT SMM COMPTEL
Fermi
Expected Number of blazars and Non-blazar AGNs 9 8 00 Blazars (1 year) 7-1 N(>Flux) N (>Flux)[(4πsr) [(4 π sr)-1]] Fermi Fermi 6 1-30 Non-blazar AGNs. NGC 4151 (最も明る いSeyfert) から期待され るガンマ線Flux (>0MeV) 3.8e-8 photons/ cm^2/s (for Γ=3.5) 5 EGRET EGRET 4 3 2 1 0 Blazar: U03(q,γ1) Non-blazar (Γ=3.5) Non-blazar (Γ=3.8) Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.5) Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.8) -1-15 -14-13 -12-11 - -9-8 -2-1 Flux(>0MeV) Flux (>0MeV)[photons [photons cm -7 scm ] -2-6 s-1] -5 Detectable by Fermi
EGRB distribution F γ dn/d(log F γ ) [photons cm -2 s -1 sr -1 ] -5-6 -7-8 -9 - -11 Blazar: U03 (q,γ 1 ) Non-blazar (Γ=3.5) Non-blazar (Γ=3.8) Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.5) Blazar + Non-blazar (Γ=3.8) Fermi -15-14 -13-12 -11 - -9-8 -7-6 Flux (>0MeV) [photons cm -2 s -1 ] EGRET
000 00 0 1 F lim (>0MeV)=2-9 photons/cm 2 /s U03(q) U03(q,! 1 ) H05(q,! 1 ) U03(SDSS) SDSS γ (GeV) γ (UV) e + e - 0.1 0 2 4 6 8 12 14 z
Extragalactic VHE!-ray sources (E >0 GeV)! 0806+524 11+496 S5 0716+71 Mkn 421 Mkn 180 1959+650 Mkn 501 1426+428 o +90 W Comae 1553+113 1218+304 M87 3C 279 Cen A 11-232 o +180 3C 66A 0229+200 2344+514 BL Lac 0152+017 2155-304 -90 2356-309 o 2005-489 2009-02-04 - Up-to-date plot available at http://www.mppmu.mpg.de/~rwagner/sources/ 0548-322 0347-121 o -180 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Redshift z
N (>E 2 dn/de ) [deg -2 ] N (>E 2 dn/de ) [deg -2 ] -1 Expected Fermi blazars Expected Fermi blazars Expected Fermi blazars -2-3 -4-5 -6-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6 CTA CTA H.E.S.S. -13-12 -11 - -9-13 -12-11 - -9-14 -13-12 -11 - E 2 dn/de (30GeV) [erg cm -2 s -1 ] CTA H.E.S.S. 30 GeV Expected Fermi blazars 1 TeV E 2 dn/de (0GeV) [erg cm -2 s -1 ] CTA Expected Fermi blazars Tibet H.E.S.S. -14-13 -12-11 - -14-13 -12-11 - E 2 dn/de (1TeV) [erg cm -2 s -1 ] 0 GeV HAWC HAWC E 2 dn/de (TeV) [erg cm -2 s -1 ] CTA TeV unabs H.E.S.S. 300 GeV E 2 dn/de (300GeV) [erg cm -2 s -1 ] abs Fermi: unabs Fermi: abs
-1 N (>z) [deg -2 ] N (>z) [deg -2 ] -2-3 -4-5 -6-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6 30 GeV 0 GeV 300 GeV 8-12 erg/cm 2 /s 5-12 erg/cm 2 /s 2-12 erg/cm 2 /s 9-13 erg/cm 2 /s 0.01 0.1 1 1 TeV 4-13 erg/cm 2 /s 2-13 erg/cm 2 /s 9-14 erg/cm 2 /s 6-14 erg/cm 2 /s Redshift z 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z 4-12 erg/cm 2 /s 1-12 erg/cm 2 /s 8-12 erg/cm 2 /s 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s 0.01 0.1 1 TeV Redshift z 2-12 erg/cm 2 /s 9-13 erg/cm 2 /s 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s 2-13 erg/cm 2 /s 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s 4-13 erg/cm 2 /s 3-13 erg/cm 2 /s 1-13 erg/cm 2 /s 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z Unabsorbed: thin Absorbed: thick
EBL Determination
Constraint on the EBL γ(tev)+γ(ebl) e++ e3c279(z 0.5) by MAGICが最遠方 吸収前のスペクトル を仮定する事によっ てEBLに制限 個々のBlazarにつ いて Aharonian+ 06
4 3 N (>z) [(4! sr) -1 ] 2 1 0-1 30 GeV 0 GeV 300 GeV Fermi Blazars 8-12 erg/cm 2 /s 5-12 erg/cm 2 /s 2-12 erg/cm 2 /s 9-13 erg/cm 2 /s Fermi Blazars 4-12 erg/cm 2 /s 1-12 erg/cm 2 /s 8-13 erg/cm 2 /s 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s Fermi Blazars 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s 4-13 erg/cm 2 /s 3-13 erg/cm 2 /s 1-13 erg/cm 2 /s 4 3 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z N (>z) [(4! sr) -1 ] 2 1 0-1 -2 1 TeV Fermi Blazars 4-13 erg/cm 2 /s 2-13 erg/cm 2 /s 9-14 erg/cm 2 /s 6-14 erg/cm 2 /s 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z 0.01 0.1 1 Redshift z Unabsorbed: thin Ansorbed: thick TeV Fermi Blazars 2-12 erg/cm 2 /s 9-13 erg/cm 2 /s 5-13 erg/cm 2 /s 2-13 erg/cm 2 /s