Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. E, 28, pp. 31 47, December 22, 2005 169 0073 3 23 1 153 8904 4 6 1 270 2261 2 16 4 124 0014 2 10 15 523 0058 961 The Mechanism of Automatic Display for the Temporal Hour in the Japanese Clocks Katsuhiro SASAKI Department of Science and Engineering, National Science Museum, 3 23 1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169 0073, Japan Takehiko HASHIMOTO Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo University, 4 6 1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153 8904, Japan Hideo TSUCHIYA 2 16 4 Tokiwadaira, Matsudo, Chiba 270 2261, Japan Katsuyuki KONDO 2 10 15 Higashi-yotsugi, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 124 0014, Japan Kazuo OKADA 961 Kamo-cho, Omihachiman, Shiga 523 0058, Japan
32 Abstract In 2003, HASHIMOTO and TSUHIYA noticed a movement of Japanese clock in the survey on scientific historical materials at TAKEKAWA house in Matsuzaka city, Mie. In the investigation into this Japanese clock, it was understood that it is a lantern clock with the quite rare, automatic display for temporal hour as Japanese clocks. The myriad-year-clock, made by Hisashige TANAKA in 1851 who was called Karakuri Giemon, has also the automatic display for temporal hour. Meanwhile, SASAKI had investigated into such Japanese clocks and gathered informations about automatic display for many years. The trial for such kind of automatic displays for them started in the late Edo period. And the improvements of the accuracy for time keeping and of the operationality of them are very interesting for us because they show the characteristics of the technical development in them. We have investigated into 9 cases in 4 kinds of automatic display mechanisms and calculated the numbers of days for annual motion in gear trains. As the result, it has been revealed that the tooth number 73 of the annual gear was very convenient and important to fix the numbers of days for annual motion of their mechanisms. Key words : automatic display mechanism, temporal hour, Japanese clocks 1. 2. 20032001 2003 1985 C H 1) 2) 2004 2004 3) 1969 2003
33 4) 5) Japanese Clocks 6) French Clocks 7) 2005 2004 2005 10 X 73 1. 3. 1) (1) 1 8) 24 2. 2 3 54 cm 9)
34 3. 4 1800 (2) 10) 4 5 a, b, c, d l 16 e 7e 2. 10e e 14 24 28
35 8. 5. 6. 9. 10. 7. 9 (3)
36 10 60 a, b, c, d 30, 30 (10), 30 (6), 30 (3) 72 l a e l 30 30 72 360 10 6 3 365.2422 5.2422 360 2) (1) 11) 1999 1985 6.2 cm 11 2002 12) 11. 12. (2) 12, 13
37 13. 15. 16. 14. 14, 15 (3) 16 17 a, b, c e d 3 d 13, 17 25 e 18 n m 36 25 6 6 m n l e m l 72 m 72 n 5 l 360
38 17. 3. 18. 3) (1) 1886 1887 (Journal Suisse d Horlogerie) 11 13) 3 11.4 cm 14) 1886 2003 12 4 15) 19 (2) 4 fig. 2 4 (3) 5a, b, c, d a30 b, c, d b, c, d 30, 32, 30 e73
39 4. 1886 5. 19. Osvaldo PATRIZZI 5 73 365 b, c, d o, p, q 32 30 73 365 o p q o, p, q 192 192 b, c, d o, p, q 8, 8, 3 6, 8, 4 365 0.2422
40 20. 1851 21. 6. 4) (1) 1851 20 2004 21 (2) 1969 6 30 16 65 48 27100 25 (3) 16 45 (5)50 (5)
41 22. 24. 23. 25. a: b: 72 73 65 65 45 50 65 365. 625 16 5 5 26. a: b:
42 365.625 0.3828 5) (1) 22 23 1834 16) 24 (2) 25-b 72 73 73 1 24 60 12 25-a 12/60 27. 28. (3) 73 12 60 60 73 365 12
43 6) (1) 2005 1 38 cm15 cm 27 26 cm 29 28, 30 7273 72 73 60 73 365 12 60 72 360 12 29. (2) 31 30. 31.
44 7.0 cm 2002 32, 34 2005 10 X 32. 33. X 1 30, 30(10), 30(6), 30(3), 72 30/10 30/6 72/3 30, 30(8*), 32(8*), 30(3*), 73 32/8 30/8 73/3 25, 25(6), 36(6), 25(5*), 72 73 360 36/6 25/6 72/5 73/5 365 30, 30(6), 36(6), 30(6), 73 36/6 30/6 73/6 22 20, 40(40), 40(6**), 30(6), 24(6), 54 40/20 30/6 24/6 54/6 16, 45(5), 50(5), 65 45/16 50/5 65/5 60, 24, 73(12) 60/12 73 60, 24, 73(12) 60/12 73 60, 24, 72(12) 60/12 72 360 365 5.2422 0.2422 5.2422 0.2422 365 0.2422 360 5.2422 365.625 0.3828 365 0.2422 365 0.2422 360 5.2422 * 5 **7 365.24226
45 17) 73 33 36 30 73 365 6 6 6 (3) 1968 1 16 cm 18) 8 34 1968 35 34. 22 35. 20 4040(7)30(6)24(6) 54 407 309 6 40 30 24 54 360 20 6 6 6 4. 365.2422 1 72 365.62573 365 65 54 72 73 360 365
46 73 5. 13046101 X 1) C. H. Howard 20 1887 E 25: 1 7, 2002 1) 2) M. Emile James. Pendules japonaises. Journal, Suisse d Horlogerie. XI: 6 8, 1886. 3) 2005 4) 5) 16 171994 6) N. H. N. Mody. Japanese Clocks, Plate 70. Kganpaul, Trench, Trubner & Co, 1932. 7) Tardy. Clocks the World Over, French Clocks, Tardy, 1949. p. 596. 8) 2 9) 55No. J-105 10) 11)
47 1970 1,500 1999 19992004 12) Sotheby s MASTERPIECES FROM THE TIME MU- SEUM, PART TWO. June 19, 2002. New York 13) M. Emile James. Pendules japonaises. Journal, Suisse d Horlogerie. XI: 6 8, 1886. 14) M. Emile James. Pendules japonaises. Journal, Suisse d Horlogerie. XI: 6 8, 1886. (Pirouette escapement) P. M. Chamberlain. It s About Time. The Holland press, 1841. 151 22 15) Antiquorum Japanese Clocks http://catalog.antiquorum.com/ catalog.html 16) 1834 17) X FCA AC-5 18) 22 21 27 1968 1