Machining Performance of High-rate Facemilling Cutters with SWC Application Tetsutaro HOSHI, Itsuro BABA and Tadai MATSUMOTO To develop milling tools for high-rate machining of steels, prototype cutters with a special double-rake edge design using the SWC (Silver White Chip) cutting principle have been evaluated in milling tests of the low carbon steel SS 41 generally used for weldments and the SCM 440 chromium-molybdenum steel. Three kinds of indexabletype prototype cutters with ISO M 2 grade inserts have been tested: they are, so-called "type-u" facemilling cutter intended for rough machining of the low carbon steel, "type-s" face-milling cutter for medium carbon steels and alloy steels, and "type- SL" cutter for slot milling operation. Test results show that when proper cutting conditions are selected so as to form the built-up edge on the primary rake face, the cutting edge is free from the fragile chipping, and therefore the high-rate milling is possible. A double-rake edge of the prototype cutters is operated normally and attain tool life from 2 000 to 10 000 cuts per edge at the metal removal rate several times greater than that of a conventional cutter edge. Machining power required by the SWC cutters is reduced by 20 to 38% to that by the conventional cutter. It will be possible to design cutters for practical use based on those test results. Key words: metal cutting, face-milling cutter, slotting cutter, tungsten carbide tool, low carbon steel, chromium-molybdenum steel, built-up edge, machining power, tool life.
undamental model of SWC cutting X-IX SECTION VIEW) Yn1 =- 30 Yn2 = 15-30 Formation of the subsidiary chip in cutting a; Depth of cut S; Feed xr= 50-70 Table 1 Principal geometries of prototype cutters evaluated in the study
Fig. 2 Geometries of type-u and type-s face-milling cutters Fig. 4 Type-SL prototype slotting cutter used in the study Fig. 3 Type-U prototype face-milling cutter used in the study
Table 2 Cutting conditions and work materials tested Fig. 5 Sequence of chip removal at the end of a cutting cycle Cutter; Type-U (SWC universal) face-milling cutter, Cutting speed; 87 m/min, Feed; 1. 0 mm/t, Depth of cut; 4.0mm, Work material; SS 41 (low carbon steel generally used for weldments), Bhn 152 (a) Type-U face-milling cutter, low carbon steel SS 41 generally used for weldments (b) Type-S face-milling cutter, chromium-molybdenum steel SCM 440 (c) Type SL slotting cutter, chromium-molybdenum steel SCM 440 Fig. 6 Typical chips removed by prototype cutters
cutting speed : 87 m/min, after 4920 cuts cutting speed : 153 m/min, after 1193 cuts Type-U face-milling cutter in machining SS41 low carbon steel Fig. 7 Metal removal rate and power requirement per cutting edge, comparison between type- U SWC and conventional face-milling cutters in machining SS 41 Bhn 152 low carbon steel generally used for weldments Ks denotes specific cutting force cutting speed : 58 m/min, after 6300 cuts cutting speed : 80 m/min, after 3000 cuts Type-S face-milling cutter in machining SCM 440 chromium-molybdenum steel Fig. 9 Photographs of type-u and type-s face-milling cutter edges showing normal wear and fatigue fracture Fig. 8 Metal removal rate and power requirement per cutting edge, comparison among type-s face-milling, type-sl slotting and conventional face-milling cutters in machining SCM 440 Bhn 275 chromium-molybdenum steel K, denotes specific cutting force
(a) A left-handed insert, after 2 000 cuts (b) A right-handed insert, after 5 900 cuts Fig. 11 Photographs of type-sl slotting cutter edges used in machining SCM 440 chromium-molybdenum steel at 43 m/min cutting speed Fig. 10 Tool life data of type-u and type-s facemilling cutters in terms of number of chips removed by a cutting edge in machining SS 41 low carbon and SCM 440 chromium-molybdenum steels respectively Fig. 12 Tool life data of type-sl slotting cutter in terms of number of chips removed by a cutting edge in machining SCM 440 chromiummolybdenum steel L and R denote left- and right-handed edges respectively Table 3 Recommended cutting conditions of the prototype cutters tested
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