17 Analysis of Factors for Paint Depth Feeling Takashi Wada, Mikiko Kawasumi, Taka-aki Suzuki ( ) ( ) ( ) The appearance and quality of objects are controlled by paint coatings on the surfaces of the objects. Recently, depth feeling in the appearance of paint coatings has attracted special attention. The depth feeling is a significantly discriminative sense that is judged by "color" and "depth" information. The information is studied as color appearance and flake appearance, in order to analyze perceptible factors in the depth feeling. The former is analyzed by a psychophysical method and computer simulation, considering the variation of color components such as hue, value, and chroma. The latter is analyzed by sensory evaluation with the paired comparison method and the hypothesis of a perspective model, considering the binocular disparity and the texture of flake pigments. For color appearance, this study has revealed the availability of computer graphics technology and the effects of color components for depth feeling. For flake appearance, on the other hand, it has been revealed that the influence of the binocular disparity was negligible and that the depth was quantitatively evaluated according to two evaluation values obtained by analyzing the texture of the flake pigments, i.e. the variation of the area ratio considered by each pigment area and the difference between the maximum and minimum areas. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
18 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 2 Color appearance of curved paint plate. Perception process of depth feeling. Flake appearance. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
19 H ( Hue ) V ( Value ) C ( Chroma ) HVC (1) HVC (2) (3) HVC N5 45 60cm ( ) 15 30cm 29 5 ( R, Y, YG, B, PB ) N ( =Neutral ) ( ) Fig. 4 1 0 HVC Setup for psychophysical experiment. Samples. Color group Sample No. Red R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Yellow Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Yellow green G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Blue B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Purple blue P1 P2 P3 P4 Neutral N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
20 ( JIS ) 1 HVC N51 2 2 (1) ( 1 : ) (2) HVC ( 1 : No. 1 29 ) (3) HVC ( 2 : No. 29 1 ) (4) ( 2 : ) HVC 1 2 3 ( 3 ) ( ) ( ) HVC ( ) HVC V ( ) 29V 5 V V Fig. 7 V V Comparison of the evaluated result with another one. Measurement of HVC by color matching method. Relation of V and depth feeling by psychophysical experiment. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
21 HVC H V C C HVCV HVC HVC H V C ( ) V 5 HVC 2 5 2 ( ) ( ) 5 5 ( 5 ) Fig. 9(a) H Y P H Y V C Y H Fig. 9(b) V Fig. 9 (d), (e) V C Fig. 9 (c) HVC1 H V Evaluation of depth feeling with two paint plate images on monitor display. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
22 H V ( ) H V V H 2 2 Relation of HVC distribution and depth feeling by computer simulated experiment. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
23 > = ( 30cm ) 2 ( ) 4 1L, 1LR, 6L L, R, LR ( ) ( ) 95% Comparison of effect for H and V. Setup for observation. Flake appearance by binocular disparity. Sensory evaluation result. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
24 5% Fig. 13 (a) ( ) 2 Fig. 14(b) ( ) ( ) Fig. 14(a)2 Fig. 14(b) Fig. 14(b) l S l N l l l 2 S l 1/l 2 (1) N l l 2 (2) S l S l A S l 1/l 2 N l l 2 (S l N l )/A = (3) Fig. 15 S l (S l N l )/A S l S max S min Fig. 15 D D Texture pattern and imagined depth: (a) is the image focuced on retina, (b) shows seeing the uniformly distributed objects of same size and shape. Feature of depth: (a) shows observed image schematically, with visual area A. Sizes of circles in (a) mean brightnesses. (b) shows images classified by area S l. S l x N l /A and S max S min are introduced as the features. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
25 S max S min D Fig. 15 ( S max S min ) CCD CCD CCD 28 CCD 26mm 32mm θ 20, 25, 30, 35 4 CCD 50 MIO ( Micaceous Iron Oxide ) 2 25µm ( MIO ) 8µm ( MIO ) 6µm ( ) 2 4 CCD (a) Fig. 17(a) 480512 256 2 2 ( Fig. 17(b) ) Setup of measurement. Example of observed images and how to analyze: (a) Observed image(no.101), and (b) evaluation values to be calculated. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
26 ( Fig. 17(b) ) 2 (S l N l )/A (S max S min ) (S l N l )/A (S max S min ) Fig. 17(b) 2 Fig. 17(b) ( : : 12 ) ( )Fig. 18(a) Fig. 18(b)Fig. 18(b) 017 012 014 021 011 013 018 015 020 022 2019 016 2 ( 5% ) Fig. 18(a) 2 019 016 50 Example of result: (a) One of analyzed results and (b) its sensory evaluation result. M and m mean MIO flakes, and P and p mean peal mica ones respectively. Uppercase means large flakes and also lowercase small ones. Numbers of three figures indicate sample numbers. R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
27 2 H YP V V C C H Y H V H V V V H ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) : " ",, 23-3(1984), 312 2), 5 : "",, 28-5(1993), 168 3), 6 : 1, (1992), 297, 4), 6 : " ",, 25-1(1994), 125 5), 2 : 1, (1992), 301, 6), 2 : " ",, (1993), 61 7), 3 : " ",, 6(1994), 77 8) : " ",, 77-7(1991), 217 9) : "",, 44-4(1990), 16 10) :, (1989), 11), (1973), 349, 12) Wada, T., et al. : Frontiers in Information Optics, ICO Topical Meet. Dig., (1994), 364, ICO 13), 6 : "II ",, 297(1994), 287 14) :, (1972), R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )
28 1957 ( ) 1994 23 1966 1994 23 1966 1994 23 R&D Vol. 30 No. 3 ( 1995. 9 )