... 5... 8... 8... 10... 10... 10... 11... 12 Prior Informed Consent : PIC... 13 (Mutual Agreed Term: MAT )... 14 (Benefit-sharing)... 14 (Compliance)... 15 (Genetic Resources Related Traditional Knowledge)... 16 ()... 19... 19... 20... 21... 21... 22... 22... 24... 25... 25... 26... 26... 26... 27... 28... 28... 29... 29... 30... 30 2

... 32... 33... 34... 34... 35... 36... 37... 38... 39... 39... 40... 40... 41... 42... 43... 43... 45... 45... 47... 47... 49... 49... 50... 52... 53... 53... 53... 54... 55... 56... 58... 58... 60... 60... 61... 61 3

... 62... 62... 63 4

1992 (CBD) 199312 1 1 2 3 5

6

7

2 1. 2. 8

9 1 ABS (PIC) MAT) ABS ABS-CH IRCC (MAT) ABS PIC: MAT:

1993 10

1 "Biological resources" includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions "Country providing genetic resources" means the country supplying genetic resources collected from in-situ sources, including populations of both wild and domesticated species, or taken from ex-situ sources, which may or may not have originated in that country. "Genetic material" means any material of plant, animal, microbial 1 2 11

or other origin containing functional units of heredity. "Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential value. 2 (c) (e) (c) Utilization of genetic resources means to conduct research and development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition of genetic resources, including through the application of biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention (d) Biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. (e) Derivative means a naturally occurring biochemical compound resulting from the genetic expression or metabolism of biological or genetic resources, even if it does not contain functional units of heredity. (c) (d) (e) 2 2 12

Prior Informed Consent : PIC 2012 ABS Management Tool 3 Prior informed consent (PIC) is permission obtained by the user of a genetic resource from the government and other providers, as the case may be, after fully disclosing all the required information that permits access to their genetic resources, and associated traditional knowledge, under mutually agreed terms (MATs) PIC PIC (competent national authority) PIC PIC PIC PIC PIC MATs PIC PIC 3 Stratos; ABS Management Tool, vol. 1, I-21-I-25 13

PIC PIC PIC PIC PIC (Mutual Agreed Term: MAT ) Mutually agreed terms (MATs) are conditions and provisions of access and benefit-sharing, among others, negotiated between the user and the provider and involving other relevant stakeholders MAT MAT MAT PIC MAT (Benefit-sharing) Benefit-sharing is participation in the economic, environmental, 14

scientific, social, or cultural benefits resulting or arising from access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge under mutually agreed terms (MATs). () MAT PIC MAT PIC MAT (Compliance) Compliance means meeting the requirements and obligations of 15

national (domestic) ABS legislative, administrative, or policy measures on access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. Similarly, compliance means meeting the requirements of national (domestic) laws and administrative or policy measures of the country in which genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge are utilized. In both cases, compliance also means meeting the requirements and obligations documented in MAT. ABS ABS ABS ABS MAT PIC PICMAT (Genetic Resources Related Traditional Knowledge) Traditional knowledge, innovations, 16

and practices is the context of knowledge resulting from intellectual activity in a traditional context and includes the know-how, skills, innovations, practices and learning that form part of traditional knowledge systems, and knowledge embodying traditional lifestyles of indigenous and local communities, or contained in codified knowledge systems passed between generations MAT 17

18

() 19

4 2009 4 http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/2009/026.html. 20

2 1 2 3 4 21

1993 () 22

23

NGO 24

25

26

27

28

EU 5 8 (a) 29

30

31

EU 4 due diligence 6 6 REGULATION (EU) No 511/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL, Article 4 Obligations of users, 1. 32

1992 (CBD) 199312 2010 33

10 2014 10 12 1992 1992 1992 1992 7 8 7 2 8 2 34

9 10 in vitro 11 12 9 15 3 6 1 10 2 11 8 j 12 7 12 35

WIPO 15 2002 13 15 1 13 http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-bonn-gdls-en.pdf 14 15 1 36

15 Prior Informed Consent: PIC 15 PIC 7 15 15 5 24 40 6 7 37

15 5 16 Mutual Agreed Term: MAT 17 1. 16 http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/biodiv/abs/index.html 17 15 4 41 44 5 38

2. 3. PIC MAT 18 PIC MAT 18 15 3 39

19 19 12 1 40

20 21 20 2 (c) 21 15 7 5 41

42

1 IRCC 22 PIC MAT GPS DNA 22 17 2 3 4 43

44

199312 1993 5 1993 12 15 17 45

46

47

WIN-WIN 50 48

Competent National Authorities National Focal Point, NFP 23 PIC 24 23 https://absch.cbd.int/find 24 15 5 24 40 6 7 49

PIC PIC MAT 25 25 15 4 41 44 5 50

MAT PIC MAT PIC MAT 51

52

26 27 26 2 (c) 27 15 7 53

54

55

56

ABS ABS 57

DNA GenBank 15 3 58

PIC CBD CITES Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)Principles on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing for Participating Institutions 59

International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN)Code of Conduct for botanic gardens governing the acquisition, maintenance and supply of living plant material 1993 1993 PIC 60

61

62

63