(Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan), Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 680-686, July 2011 Fundamentals for Better Use of Stainless Steels Development History, Characteristics and Resistance to Corrosion 2009 1990 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 History of Stainless Steel and Its Production by Koichiro OSOZAWA Key words : Stainless steel, History, Production,Development 1 ISO/TS15510 C 1.2% Cr 10.5% 1912 1915 100 2 2 1) 5) 2 1 Cr L. N. Vauquilin 22 11 15 Received Nov. 15, 2010 2011 The Society of Materials Science, Japan 105-8716 Tokyo Office, Nickel Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8716
1. 681 1797 khroma chrôme Cr 1820 M. Berthier 1821 Cr Cr Berthier J. Stodart M. Faraday 1920 Cr Bertier Faraday 1922 1%Cr 3%Cr Cr Cr Cr Mn R. A. Hadfield Fe-0.22 16.74%Cr 1892 Cr C Cr 1/10 C 1.18 9.18%Cr Ni 50% Cr 1885 Cr C H. Goldschmidt C Fe-Cr C 1907 8 F. M. Becket C 20 C Cr Cr-Ni 1903 6 M. I. Guillet Cr Cr Cr-Ni Cr Guillet Cr A. M. Portvin Cr 1911 P. Monnartz Cr Monnartz W. Borchers Fe-Cr Cr Cr 4% Cr Cr 20% Cr 2 2 3 1912 1915 1 Monnartz Fried. Krupp B. Strauss E. Maurer Ni-Cr 1912 10 12 Fe-Cr-Ni 3) 10 0.15%C-14%Cr-2%Ni SUS431 Fried.Krupp V1M 12 0.25%C-20%Cr-7%Ni SUS304 V2A 1914 Malmö Ni 2 V1M V2A V2A 1 2 1912 1915 Fried.Krupp
682 Thomas Firth and Sons John Brown and Co. Brown Firth Research Laboratories H. Brearley Cr Cr 10% C 0.3% C Thomas Firth and Sons 1913 8 20 Cr 5) 0.24%C-0.24%Si-0.44%Mn-12.86%Cr Brearley 1916 Cr 9 16% C 0.7% 1), 5) Brearley Cr SUS420 1 General Electric C. Dantsien 1911 Fe-Cr C 20Cr Dumet 20Cr 1914 4) 0.07 0.15%C 14 16%Cr Brearley Cr C SUS430 H. Haynes 1915 C 0.1 1% Cr 8 60% 15 25% Fe- Cr 1) 2 3 Fried. Krupp V2A Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik Fried.Krupp 3 1922 1930 Cu Mo C 0.07% Ti Nb 1936 18Cr-20Ni Mo Cu 1938 20Cr-30Ni Mo Cu 20 20Cr-40Ni-Mo-Cu (NCF825) Fried. Krupp V2A 20Cr-7Ni 18Cr-8Ni 1923 18Cr-8Ni 6) 1926 ICI 18Cr-8Ni 1927 12Cr-12Ni 6) 2 4 2 2 2 5 1 2 15 1930 2 Avesta 1930 26Cr-5Ni 453E 26Cr-5Ni-1Mo 453S 7) C 0.1% 453S 1933 J.Holtzer Mo Cr 20Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo 2 8) Mo 2 AISI329 2 1945 46 U. S. Steel Stainless W (17Cr-7Ni-Ti-Al) 9) 1948 Armco Steel 17-4PH (17Cr-4Ni-4Cu) 1950 17-7PH (17Cr-7Ni-1Al) 4) 2 5 1915 10) 3 Fried.Krupp 3
1. 683 1916 13Cr 1918 11) Cr C 5%C 0.3%C 1919 Brearley 13Cr (0.23C-0.24Si-0.31Mn-11.95Cr) 1920 13Cr 1925 18Cr-8Ni 11) 1920 13Cr 12) 1923 13Cr 11) 13Cr 1926 18Cr-8Ni 18Cr-8Ni 1927 18Cr-8Ni 50 10 1 3 3mm 1m 13) 1932 C 14) 2 1944 15,781 15) 3 3 1 2 18Cr-8Ni 1953 1954 1 1950 1955 100 1958 10 1969 100 1970 1995 2006 2009 (%) 4 2 21 78% 22% 8% 4% 1.5% 1% Ni 2 Cr 20 7 2009 Ni 60% Cr 40% 3 2 2 5 1951 C C0.030% (VOD) (AOD) 1969 C C VOD N C N AOD N N 1991 AOD VOD AOD-VCR 1960 1958 20H 4 2009
12220(p.680-686) 11.6.24 12:34 ページ 684 684 遅 図1 図２ 沢 浩 一 郎 世界主要国のステンレス粗鋼生産量推移 文献 17 19 を参照して作成 国内ステンレス熱間圧延鋼材形状別生産量推移 旧通商産業省および経済産業省の総計資料から作成 能になり コスト低減ばかりでなく 表面品質および寸 法精度の向上が図られた そのため厨房製品 建材その 他の耐久消費財へのステンレス鋼の適用が一層進んだ 3 3 鋼種の発展 第 2 次大戦後は 1951 年にステンレス鋼の JIS が制定さ れ マルテンサイト系 C 含有量の異なる 13Cr 3 種 フェライト系 (18Cr) 1 種 オーステナイト系 12 種が登
1. 685 5 18Cr-8Ni 4 18-8-Ti 2 18-8-Mo 3 18-8-Mo-Cu 3 C C 0.060% (AISI) 1948 9 7 13 1951 JIS 3 VOD AOD 1972 1981 82 10 (1) 1950 Mo 2% (316, 316L) 3% (317, 317L) 5%Mo SUS317J1 Fried. Krupp V16A Carpenter Steel 20 17-4PH 17-7PH (2) 1960 SCC SCC Ni 3Si + Cu SUS XM15J1 2 18.5Cr-4.7Ni-2.7Mo-1.7Si (Sandvik3RE60) 20Cr-5Ni 2 1969 C N 26Cr-1Mo 1969 Mo 1966 2 25Cr-5Ni-1.5Mo-0.15N Cu 2 1972 JIS Cu 17Cr-7Ni-2Cu 18Cr-9Ni-3.5Cu N 0.1% N 1981 304 316 317 6 JIS (3) 1970 1960 Mo Cr N 1971 Cr N 21Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-0.2N 25Cr-13Ni-0.8Mo-0.3N 1991 JIS C N-30Cr-2Mo 1977 SS-VOD C N-26Cr-1Mo C N-30Cr-2Mo 1960 VOD AOD Cr C N C N SUS430 Mo SUS434 SCC 18Cr-2Mo 3 JIS
686 5 (430LX 436L 444 447J1 XM27) 1981 JIS (4) 1980 1979 Mo 1980 Mo 19Cr-8Ni-0.4Mo-0.13N 19Cr-10Ni-1Mo-0.1N 18Cr-10Ni- 1Mo-2Cu 17Cr-7Ni-1Mo-2Cu-N Mo Cu 18Cr-0.5Cu-Nb 1991 SUS430J1L JIS SUS304 20Cr-25Ni-6Mo 1970 20Cr-18Ni- 6Mo-0.7Cu-0.2N (Avesta254SMO) 1976 Mo 1980 254SMO Cr- Ni 1991 SUS3174L SUS836L JIS 1960 2 SUS329J1 Mo N 25Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.2N 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N 1984 JIS (5) 1990 Cr 22% 1 2% Mo 1998 SUS445J1 SUS445J2 JIS Cu-Si Mo SCC 2005 SUS315J1 SUS315J2 JIS 2 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-0.3Mo 2507 25Cr- 7Ni-3.5Mo-0.75Cu-0.75W-0.25N (Zeron100) 25Cr-7Ni-3 Mo-1 Cu-2W-0.3N (DP3W) 2 2 Ni Mo 21Cr-1.5Mo-5Mn-0.3Mo-0.3Cu- 0.22N 23Cr-4Ni-0.3Mo-0.1N SUS304 316 21Cr-3.3Ni-1.8Mo-0.16N, 13Cr 2 CO 2 13Cr C Mo Ni 1 ) J. H. G. Monypenny, Stainless iron and steel, (1931) Chapman & Hall. 2 ) E. E. Thum, The book of stainless steels, (1935) ASM. 3 ) Von H. Krainer, 50 Jahre nichitrostender Stahl, Stahl und Eisen, Vol.82, p.1527 (1962). 4 ) T. Suzuki, Invention of stainless steel, (2000) Agne Technical Center. 5 ) Stainless steel the inventor, Harry Brearley and his invention, Materials Performance, Vol.26, p.64 (1990). 6 ) Fifty years of stainless steel, Metallurgia, p.106 (September, (1963). 7 ) M.Liljas, 80 years with duplex steels, a historic review and prospects for ther future, Proceedings of European Stainless Steel Conference Science and Market, p.538 (2008). 8 ) J. Charles, The duplex stainless steels : materials to meet your needs, Duplex stainless steels, Vol.1, (Editors : J. Charles & S. Bernhardsson), p.3 (1991). 9 ) Metals Handbook (9 th edition), Vol.3, p.3 (1980), ASM. 10) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (3), Stainless, Vol.8, No.9, p.42 (1964). 11) H. Yamamoto, Production of stainless steel at melting department of kure navy works, Stainless, Vol.8, No.9, p.27 (1964) and No.10, p.31 (1964). 12) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (12), Stainless, Vol.9, No.9, p.38 (1965). 13) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (9), Stainless, Vol.9, No.4, p.26 (1965). 14) Y. Miura, Seek for the light of stainless (4), Stainless, Vol.8, No.10, p.50 (1964). 15) Round table discussion ten years before and after the war, Stainless, Vol.11, No.2, p.4 (1967). 16) Inco Europe, Stainless steel statistics, (1950~1972). 17) Inco Europe, Inco, Vale Inco, World stainless steel statistics, (1973~2008). 18) Japan Stainless Steel Association, Supply and demand data for stainless steel in 2009, (2010), Japan Stainless Steel Association.