IP 1 1 QoSQuality of Service
PC FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence) CATV IP IP
NTT NGNNext Generation Network FMC NTT NTT KDDI FMC G IP
"the internet PC P2Ppeer to peer () SaaS (Software as a Service) CGCConsumer Generated Content 2 CDN(Content Delivery Network)IP P2P IP 3 XMLeXtensible Markup Language RSS(Really Simple Syndication) 2 3
OSI 4 () IP --------------------------------------- IP ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 OSI
(network neutrality) competitive neutrality (technological neutrality) IP innovation without permission IP
QoS ; ; ; ( )QoS
) ISP
IP (a)(b)(c) (a) IP (b)
(c) RBOC AT&T MCI RBOC CATV MSN
FCC RBOC RBOC CATV RBOC CATV VoIP VoIP FCC FCC FCC 5 FCC FCC AT&T 5 FCC, Policy Statement, (September 23, 2005) http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/fcc-05-151a1.doc
6 FCC IX () () (NOI : Notice of Inquiry) 7 8 S215FCC QoS 6 FCC, FCC Approves Merger of AT&T Inc. and BellSouth Corp., (December 29, 2006) http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/doc-269275a1.pdf AT&T FCC URL http://www.fcc.gov/att_finalmergercommitments12-28.pdf 7 FCC, Notice of Inquiry into Broadband Market Practices, (March 22, 2007) http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/fcc-07-31a1.doc 8 FCC FCC VoIP Skype, Petition to Confirm a Consumers Right to Use Internet Communications Software and Attach Devices to Wireless Networks (Feb. 20, 2007) http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/ecfs/retrieve.cgi?native_or_pdf=pdf&id_document=6518909730
9 FCC EU (general guidelines) SMP(Significant Market Power) SMP DSL CATV RBOC (emerging market) ( regulatory holiday ) SMP 9 European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document, "Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Review of the EU Regulatory Framework for electronic communications networks and services : Proposed Changes" (COM(2006)334) (June 29, 2006) http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/doc/info_centre/public_consult/review/staffw orkingdocument_final.pdf
EU ERG(European Regulators Group) 10 LG CATV LG KT CATV FCC EU SMP 10 European Regulators Group (ERG), "Response to the Review of the EU Regulatory Framework for electronic communications network and services" (October 27, 2006) http://erg.eu.int/doc/whatsnew/irg_erg_resp_review_rf_final271006.pdf
Gbps Tbps ISP ISP ISP
ISP P2P (Winny WinMX) P2P (Gbps) 700 600 500 IX JPIX Japan Internet exchange IX JPNAP Japan Network Access Point IX NSPIXP Network Service Provider Internet exchange Point WIDE Project IX 636.6 (2006.11) 523.6 (2006.5) 468.0 (2005.11) 400 300 200 IX (Internet exchange) 424.5(2005.5) 323.6 (2004.11) 303.2 (2004.10) 269.4 (2004.9) 100 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 P2P PC
FTTH(Fiber to the Home) CGC M2M(machine to machine) SaaS P2P IP ---------- ISP ISP
11 IP ---- IP IP P2P P2P--------------- P2P-------- 11 CDN(Content Delivery Network)CDN
P2P P2P P2P CDN P2P CDN P2P P2P CDN P2P OLM(Overlay Multicast) 12 P2P FTTH 12 BB BB OLM P2P
( ISP) P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 13 P2P P2P P2P P2P CDN 13 P2P (Glockster) MPAA RIAA() P2P
P2P P2P P2P ISP ISP ISP ISP
(a)isp (b) ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP
ISP ISP ISP QoS QoS (multi-tiered structure)
ISP ISP QoS (packet shaping) ISP ISP ISP ISP
QoS QoS QoS ISP
ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP audit ISP ISP ISP
ISP QoS ISP ISP 14 ADR: Alternative Dispute Resolution 14 USEN ADSL FTTH ISP 44 26 IP
ISP IX ISP IP ISP IP ISP IX IX ISP IX ISP ISP IX ISP
IX IX IX
IP IP IP
QoS IP QoS NTT
NTT 15 NTT IP NTT IP IP NTT 16 OFCOM 07/08 QoS 17 15 NTT 16 NTT 17 Ofcom, Programme of Work for 2007/8, Priority 7: Securing competition and efficient investment in next-generation network (April 3, 2007) http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/accoun/reports_plans/annual_plan0708/projects/b4/
(a)(b) (c) NTT NNI(Network-Network Interface) SNI(Application Service-Network Interface) NNI SNI IP NTT NTT
IP NTT NTT 18 18 NTT NTT
IP NTT ISP ISP ISP NTT (a)
NTT IP 19 (b) IP FMC NTT MVNO NTT IP IP IP IP IP IP NTT ISP IP 19 IP IP NTT
NTT SNI NNI 20 NGN NTT NTT NTT 21 20 NTT 21 FMC
NTT 22 // 23 NTT IP 22 NTT NTT NTT 23 IP
24 25 26 IP 24 25
FMC NTT NTT
NTT NTT NTT NTT NTT NTT IP IP
27 27
(a) (b) 28 28 WTOGATS
29 29
30 31 HHI SMP HHIEU HHI HHI HHI HHI
32 NTT 32 EU SMPSignificant Market Power SMP
FMC 0ABJIP 33 FMC 33 NTT NTT FMC
; ;
NTT 34 NTT NTT 34 NTT NTT
35
IP IP ( bit discrimination ) port blocking
P2P
NTT
(a) (b) (c)bwa(broadband Wireless Access) CGC LAN
IP IP 36 NTT MNO ID 36
FMC 37 37
IP IP OFCOM
IP 38 ITUOECDAPEC IP 38
P2P P2P ISP ISPQoS QoS ADR ADR NTT NTT (NGN) (NGN) ( )
IT
SMP SMP SMP SSNIP 39 40 39 SSNIP: Small but Significant Non-transitory Increase in Price 40 SSNIP EU
41 ADSL
EU SMP SMP EU EU SMP collective dominance
IP