Vol.58 No (Jan. 2017) Ther:com 1,a) , Ther:com Ther:com (1) (2) (3) Ther:com: An Emotion Transmission System Using Th

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Ther:com 1,a) 2 1 2016 4 10, 2016 10 4 Ther:com Ther:com (1) (2) (3) Ther:com: An Emotion Transmission System Using Thermal Stimulation, Emotional Icons and Resonance for Competitive Game Scene Jun Munemori 1,a) Taka Kimura 2 Junko Itou 1 Received: April 10, 2016, Accepted: October 4, 2016 Abstract: We propose an emotion transmission system named Ther:com using a temperature perception interface and emotional icons. The system aims to transmit a rich emotional expression between users for competitive game scene and it can send temperature stimulus and emotional icons to a communication partner. A resonant function is also a feature of the system. A resonance is occurred when emotional icons are sent simultaneously. To examine the evaluation of Ther:com, we performed experiments with/without temperature stimulus. The experiments were performed to evaluate Transmission of feelings and the presence and A sense of realty and fun using Puyopuyo. Puyopuyo is a kind of the puzzle game. The results of experiments shows: (1) A lot of icons indicating strong feelings of pleasure were transmitted significantly when players use temperature stimulation. (2) From the viewpoint of communication, the evaluation of I felt the existence of the partner close, The emotion icon helped feelings joint ownership, and The resonance helped feelings joint ownership were improved significantly by temperature stimulation. (3) From the viewpoint of fun, the evaluation of arising and I want to carry out a game again were improved significantly by thermal stimulation. Keywords: real-time groupware, emotion transmission system, Peltier element, resonance, competetive game 1 Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640 8510, Japan 2 Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640 8510, Japan a) munemori@sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp 1. c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 176

[1], [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [6] [5], [6] / 2 [5] Ther:com Ther:com 2 3 4 5 2. 2.1 [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] 2.2 Ishii TangibleBits [1] intouch [9] Tangible Chat c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 177

[10] ComBand [11] FraglanceJetII [12] 2.3 [13] A B 15 mm Eruption Jumping 1 Lovelet [14] AffectPhone [15] Thermo-net [16] / / 2.4 [5] 3 3 2.5 [17] 2 4 [5] 3. Ther:com Ther:com Ther:com Thermal Communication Ther:com 3.1 (1) c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 178

Fig. 2 2 Usage of the temperature transmission. function. 1 Fig. 1 Ther:com A screen of Ther:com. (2) [5] 6 40 34 19 10 5 3 4 2 (3) 3 3.2 Ther:com Ther:com 1 1 Microsoft Windows8.1 Java PC PC TCP/IP 3.2.1 L1 L2 R1 R2 4 3 Fig. 3 Variation of expression icons. 2 Ther:com 3 0 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 3 4 5 3.2.2 6 1 c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 179

情報処理学会論文誌 Vol.58 No.1 176 188 (Jan. 2017) 表 1 共鳴が発生する条件 Table 1 Condition that resonance produces. 図 4 熱さ の伝達条件 Fig. 4 Transmission condition of the heat. 図 5 冷たさ の伝達条件 Fig. 5 Transmission condition of the coldness. 図 7 共鳴アイコン全種類 Fig. 7 All kinds of resonance icons. 3.2.3 インターバルロック機能 一度温度刺激を出力すると 15 秒間は相手に温度刺激を 伝達できないようにロックする機能である 本システムで は温度刺激の出力を行う特性上 適度に放熱するためのイ ンターバルをとる必要があるためである また 連続で温 図 6 度変化を起こし 意図せず強い温度刺激を提示してしまう 共鳴が発生した画面例 Fig. 6 An example of a screen which resonance produced. ことを防ぐ意図もある に示す 表 1 について表の上側を自分が伝達した感情 表 3.3 温度知覚インタフェース サーモアクター の左側を相手が伝達した感情として 〇は共鳴が発生 (1) サーモアクター は共鳴が発生しないことを示す 共鳴アイコンの全種類を サーモアクター ThermoActor 図 8 は利用者が通 図 7 に示す 同じ対戦ゲームを対象とした感情共有システ 信ゲームの操作を行いながら 手のひらに 熱さ や 冷 ム [5] で同じ感情を共起した場合の共鳴は 0 回もしくは 1 たさ といった温度刺激を提示できるコントローラ型の温 回とほとんど生じなかったため 同じ感情では共鳴が起こ 度知覚インタフェースである サーモアクターとは 温度 らないようにした これは ほとんど共鳴にならない組合 刺激の演者 という意味である ELECOM のゲームパッ せを共鳴機能から除外することで より共鳴機能が起こっ ド [18] JC-GMU3312SP の持ち手部分にペルチェ素子と たときの特別感が増すのではないかと考えられる [5] ため 放熱用の純銅のヒートシンクを配置し AVR マイコンに である より制御する 通常 表情アイコンは 5 秒間表示され その間にお互い 利用者は持ち手部分のペルチェ素子を手のひらで触るこ の表情アイコンを伝達した組合せが表 1 の条件に合致する とで温度刺激を知覚できる 本システムでは 4 cm 四方の 組合せであれば 共鳴が発生する 共鳴アイコンの表示は ペルチェ素子 TEC1-12706 を 2 枚使用する 温度刺激 7 秒間であり 簡単なアニメーションを行う 共鳴発生時 の制御は Arduino [19] AVR マイコン によってペルチェ は強い温度刺激がお互いの相手に届く 素子に供給する電流を調節することで行う PC とシリア ル通信を行い Arduino に対してテキストデータを送るこ c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 180

8 Fig. 8 Thermo actor. Table 2 2 Preliminary laboratory finding about the Peltier element. Fig. 9 9 Temperature change of heat (weak). 10 Fig. 10 Temperature change of heat (strong). 4 (2) 4 9 2 3 7 2 1 5 2 3 2.4 (3) 4 9 10 11 12 11 Fig. 11 Temperature change of the coldness (weak). OHM TN006 ±2.5% 15 V 1.6 A AC c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 181

Fig. 12 12 Temperature change of the coldness (strong). Fig. 13 13 State of the application experiment. 4. Ther:com 3 Table 3 + The mean transmission number of times of the emotional icon (Puyopuyo + icons). 4.1 Ther:com 1 [20] 2 + 3 + Ther:com + 3 2 + 3 5 A4 1 1 3 5 16 2 1 1 1 3 13 13 Ther:com Ther:com 4.2 4.2.1 3 4 5 6 4 3 12 1 3 + 4 + + 8 1 5 + 6 + + 3 4 5 6 t * p 5% ** p 1% + + + t t(15) = 2.334 p < 0.05 η 2 0.35 c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 182

4 + + Table 4 The mean transmission number of times of the emotional icon (Puyopuyo + icons+ temperature stimulus). 7 Table 7 Evaluation about the usability of the system. Table 8 8 Evaluation about the communication. 5 Table 5 + The mean outbreak number of times of the resonance icon (Puyopuyo + icons). 6 + + Table 6 The mean outbreak number of times of the resonance icon (Puyopuyo + icons + temperature stimulus). 9 Table 9 Evaluation about the expression icon. 4.2.2 7 8 9 10 11 5 9 1 3 516 1 [21] 7 8 7 c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 183

10 Table 10 Evaluation about the resonance function. 11 Table 11 Evaluation about the temperature stimulation. 9 10 * p 5%** p 1% 8 Thercom +!! Thercom + + 4.3 4.3.1 (1) c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 184

3 4 + 233 20.6 1 + + 229 21.0 1 + + + 5% + 62.2% 21.9% 15.9% + + 45.4% 24.0% 30.6% 8 4 5 + + + +!! 5 (2) 5 6 + + 34 70 1 + + 41 59 1 4.3.2 (1) 7 + + 4.3 4.0 4.4 Ther:com 3.9 9 + 4.0 + + 4.2 (2) 8 + + 4 1% 12 3 + 5% c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 185

12 Table 12 The end-point which is significantly different only for icons. (3) 9 + + 4 3.1 3 3 3.3 3 [5] 3.8 3.4 Ther:com 4.3.1 (1) (4) 10 + + 4.4 1% 4.5 5% [5]!! (5) 11 4.3 4.6 3.4 3.1 15 3.4 3 15 (6) + + + 4.3.3 5 5 [22] 7 8 9 10 12 7 8 9 10 12 t 7 c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 186

5% 8 + 1% 5% 12 + + + 1% 5% 12 + + + 1% 5% 12 + + + 1% 5% 9 + + + 5% 10 5% 5% 1% 5% 4.3.4 + + r 0 < r 0.2 0.2 < r 0.4 0.4 < r 0.7 0.7 < r < 1.0 (1) 0.509 0.639 (2) 0.517 0.540 0.467 0.653 0.449 5. Ther:com (1) 45.4% 24.0% 30.6% (2) (3) [1] Ishii, H. and Ullmer, B.: Tangible bits: Towards seamless interface between people, bit and atoms, CHI 97, pp.234 241 (1997). [2] Munemori, J. and Yoshino, T.: The Prototype of Brain Model Hyper Communication Mechanisms, Proc. c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 187

IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics 2002 (ICCE 2002 ), pp.232 233 (2002). [3] Vol.13, No.3, pp.433 439 (2014). [4] Vol.2013-EC-28, No.6, pp.1 6 (2013). [5] Vol.54, No.1, pp.318 329 (2013). [6] DICOMO2013 pp.1248 1254 (2013). [7] A No.5, pp.62 69 (1975). [8] (2014). [9] Brave, S. and Dahley, A.: intouch: A Medium for Haptic Interpersonal Communication, CHI 97, pp.363 364 (1997). [10] Tangible Chat 2002 (31), pp.103 108 (2002). [11] ComBand 2015 pp.946 949 (2015). [12] Vol.49, No.8, pp.2922 2929 (2008). [13] Vol.53, No.3, pp.1082 1091 (2012). [14] Lovelet 2004 Vol.5, pp.221 222 (2004). [15] AffectPhone 2010 (2010). [16] DICOMO2011 pp.1498 1506 (2011). [17] Vol.51, No.3, pp.770 783 (2010). [18] ELECOM: Gamepad, JC-GMU3312SP, http://w ww2.elecom.co.jp/game/gamepad/jc-gmu3312sp/ 2016-04-01 [19] Arduino Uno, http://arduino.cc/en/main/ arduinoboarduno 2016-04-01 [20] http://puyo.sega.jp/portal/index. html 2016-04-01 [21] Jamieson, S.: Likert scales: How to (ab) use them, Medical education, Vol.38, No.12, pp.1217 1218 (2004). [22] Carifio, J. and Peria, R.: Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing Likert scales, Medical education, Vol.42, No.12, pp.1150 1152 (2008). 1979 1981 1984 2002 1997 1998 2005 KES 05 Best Paper Award 2014 IEEE ACM 2015 2001 2005 2007 2006 63 GN 2014 c 2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 188