第11号.indb

ISSN 1343-8921 Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum No. 11 November, 2008 茨城県自然博物館研究報告 第 11 号 2008 年 11 月 Bando, Ibaraki, Japan

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 第 11 号 1 6 7 11 13 15 17 21 2007 2008 25 27 29, 33 41 3 45 Carcharodon megalodon 63

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 1-5 (2008) 1 * ** *** **** 2008 3 27 Records of Fabriciana adippe (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Collected or Observed on Mt. Tsukuba and in Lowlands of the Western and Southern Parts of Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan Takenari INOUE *, Masaki HISAMATSU **, Yoshikatsu IIJIMA *** and Yuko MIURA **** (Accepted March 27, 2008) Abstract Several records of a nymphalid butterfly, Fabriciana adippe, collected or observed on Mt. Tsukuba and in lowlands of the western and southern parts of Ibaraki Prefecture from 2002 to 2007 are presented. Until the 1960s, this species was occasionally recorded on Mt. Tsukuba, but there was no sighting from the 1970s to 1990s, even though butterfly fauna on this mountain was intensively studied. Recently, the population of the species seems to be increasing gradually on and around Mt. Tsukuba, perhaps due to management (e.g. frequent mowing) of the grassland that might have positively affected its life. Key words: Fabriciana adippe, Lepidoptera, Mt. Tsukuba, grassland, Ibaraki Prefecture. Fabriciana adippedenis and Schiffermüller 2006 2004 20012007b; 2002a, b 1978 1978 19721973 19751958 * 193-0843 1833-81Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1833-81 Todorimachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843, Japan. ** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan *** 308-0051 1119Ibaraki Prefectural Shimodate Daini Senior High School, 1119 Okazeri, Chikusei, Ibaraki 308-0051, Japan. **** 154-0017 1-11-8-102Ikeda Co., Ltd., 1-11-8-102 Setagaya, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-0017, Japan.

2 1949 1930 1977 19591970 19711980 19801982 19981998Kitakara and Fujii1994 1980 1975 1979 64 1982 1971 1981 74 1998 1991 1993 71 1998 1995 1996 67 Kitakara and Fujii1994 1980 51 57 1949 1950 74, 1950 1996 7 2004 10 52 2005 1988 1995 1992 7 21 1 2002 1 140150 1 2002 5 22 3 2007 6 2 2 2007 6 8 1 35 1 2006 6 7 25 1 2007 10 6 2003 1996 2005 20012007b 2007

3 1 1970 1990 2002 2007 2007 1 1970 1990 19983 1998 1982 10 100 Kitakara and Fujii1994 1 3 11 2 1970 1990 20 30 1983 2007 12 Table 1. Collection records of Fabriciana adippe from Mt. Tsukuba area and lowlands of the western and southern parts of Ibaraki Prefecture reported in various publications. 1957 10 1 1958 1968 9 20 1973,1975 1971 6 1972 1977 9 18 1 1978 1931 6 26 1 1932 9 18 1 1977 1949 1950 1950 1949 7 21 1 2 1951 7 16 1 2 1959 1965 8 6 9exs. 1971 1969 9 29 1970 1992 7 21 1 1995 1996 2004 3 2005 1. 2,. 3.

4 2005 1970 2007a 1980 1990 1994 1994 2000 1983 6 2007 6 8 Fig. 1. A male Fabriciana adippe visiting a flower of Cirsium japonicum (photographed by T. Inoue on June 8, 2007 at Usui, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture). Viola mandshurica 1983 2005; 2004 2005 286 pp. 1959I2 30-35 1983 II325 pp. 1950 1 27-31 19772 8-10 1988 pp. 92-107 2003 23 1-8 1972 pp. 63-73 1970 pp. 301-305 19981991 1993 60 47-71 1998

5 pp. 276-281 200120 5 26 2-63 2004 221-247 2005NS 43-64 2007a 40-46 2007b21 5 35 2-109 198211 16-20 Kitakara, M. and K. Fujii. 1994. Biodiversity and community structure of temperate butterfly species within a gradient of human disturbance: an analysis based on the concept of generalist vs. specialist strategies. Researches on Population Ecology, : 187-199. 1994 11 8 1978 17 1-4 19809 20-28 1973 pp. 61-65 19753 26-31 2005 3 13 4-7 2004 DNA 12 26-32 2000 pp. 193-194 1978 33 11-32 199559 11-49 2002a1164 pp. 2002b2112 pp. 1971 40 11-44 2006336 pp. 19496 10-11 195810 pp. 1970 1990 20 30

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 7-10 (2008) 7 * * 2008 6 19 The First Records of Six Hydromedusae Species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), Collected in the Coastal Area of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Shinsuke SAITO * and Yojiro SHIBA * (Accepted June 19, 2008) Key words: Hydromedusae, first record, coastal area, Ibaraki Prefecture. Phylum Cnidaria 7,620 Class Hydrozoa 4,700 2000 3 4 5 1961; 1967; 1975; 1985; 19871998; 1991; 1992; 1993; 20012004; 2007 Coryne pusilla Gaertner Hydrissa sodaliststimpson Physalia physalislinnaeus Velella velella Linnaeus Porpita pacifica Lesson 2007 5 2007 1 5 3 6 * 311-13018252-3Ibaraki Prefectural Oarai Aquarium8252-3 Isohamacho, Oaraimachi, Higashiibarakigun, Ibaraki 311-1301, Japan.

8 Anthomedusae Corynidae Sarsia tubulosam. Sars 10 2007INM-1-037854, 1ex. Turritopsis nutricula McCrady 22 2007INM-1-037855, 1ex. ; 25 2007INM- 1-037856, 1ex. 1; 25 2007 INM-1-037857, 1ex.; 25 2007INM-1-037858, 1ex. Fig. 1. Turritopsis nutricula collected at Otsu fishing port. Pandeidae Leuckartiara hoeppliihsu 22 2007INM-1-037859, 1ex. 2; 19 2007 INM-1-037860, 1ex. Urashimea globosa Kishinouye 22 2007INM-1-037861, 1ex.; 25 2007 INM-1-037862, 1ex. 3 Fig. 2. Leuckartiara hoepplii collected at Kuji fishing port. Polyorchidae Spirocodon saltatortilesius 10 2007INM-1-037863, 1ex. Tima formosa L. Agassiz 22 2007INM-1-037864, 1ex.; 22 2007 INM-1-037865, 1ex. Fig. 3. Urashimea globosa collected at Kuji fishing port.

6 9 6, 1965;, 1992, 1997, 2006 2005; 2003 1965; 1996; 1997; 2000a 2000b; 2001,, 1965;, 2000a 1965; 1997; 2000a; 2001 2 1965, 2 2001Cnidaria 2 pp. 417-425 2004Cnidaria 3 pp. 451-460 2007 4 pp. 431-462 1961. 192 pp 1987. 2: 1-8 1998. 18: 77-86 1992 4 3 pp. 269-274 2001111 pp 1991Marine invertebrates pp. 125-142 473-474 1993. 237 pp., 1967 14: 25-29 1992 Cnidaria pp. 28 1997Cnidaria pp. 485-538 2000. 5 Phylum Cnidaria pp. 108-111 2005. pp. 114 2003. : 107-109 2006. 1: 1

10 1975. 1 pp. 171-172 1985. 252 pp., 2000a118 pp., TBS 2000b Cnidaria 7 2 46pp. 151 1965 [ ]697 pp., 1996 pp. 222

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 11-12 (2008) 11 * ** 2008 3 30 A Record of Ceriagrion nipponicum (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Collected in Tsukuba City, Central Japan Yoshinobu UEMURA * and Masaki HISAMATSU ** (Accepted March 30, 2008 ) Key words: Odonata, Ceriagrion nipponicum, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Ceriagrion nipponicum Asahina 3 cm 1999 II 2000 1960 2007 2007 2000 1 2002 7 6 1 Fig. 1. A male of Ceriagrion nipponicum collected at Kayamaru, Tsukuba City. 1 * 300-2633 676 (Toyosato Museum of Entomology, 676 Tohigashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2633, Japan). ** 306-0622 700 (Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan).

12 Table 1. List of dragonflies collected Kayamaru, Tsukuba City. Coenagrionidae Ischnura asiatica Cercion sieboldii Coenagrion terue 19990510, 1 19990512, 1 19990611, 1 Lestidae Indolestes peregrinus 19990501, 1 Gomphidae Stylurus nagoyanus Gomphus postocularis Trigomphus melampus Sieboldius albardae Ictinogomphus clavatus 19990805, 1 1 19990502, 1 19990509, 1 ; 19990514, 1 ; 19990611, 1 ; 20000604, 1 ; 20020526, 19990530, 1 19990614, 1 ; 19990802, 1 Aeschnidae Oligoaeschna pryeri Aeschnophlebia longistigma Anax nigrofasciatus nigrofasciatus 19990517, 1 ; 19990525, 1 1 ; 19990517, 1 ; 19990530, 1 19990525, 1 ; 19990611, 1 19990520, 1 ; 19990525, 1 ; 19990614, 1 Corduiidae Macromia amphigena amphigena Epophthalmia elegans 19990518, 1 19990509, 1 Libellulidae Orthetrum albistylum speciosum Orthetrum japonicum japonicum Orthetrum triangulare melania Libellula quadrimaculata asahinai Sympetrum darwinianum Sympetrum frequens Sympetrum kunckeli Sympetrum eroticum eroticum Sympetrum infuscatum Pseudothemis zonata 19990614, 1 19990502, 1 ; 19990509, 1 ; 19990512, 1 1 ; 20010502, 1 19990611, 1 19990514, 1 ; 19990518, 1 ; 19990520, 1 ; 19990514, 1 ; 19990518, 1 19990718, 1 ; 20001006, 1 19990611, 1 ; 19990617, 1 19990920, 1 19990718, 1 19990920, 1 19990611, 1 1995 1999 2002 6 24 1 2007 27 65-76. 2000 195 pp. 2000 5 246 pp.. 1995 7 187-198 1999917 pp.

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 13-14 (2008) 13 * ** *** 2008 2 22 Records of the Cast-off Shell of Cryptotympana facialis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), Collected in Toride City, Ibaraki Prefecture Takehiko ISHITSUKA *, Koji SUZUKI ** and Masaki HISAMATSU *** (Accepted February 22, 2008 ) Key words: Ibaraki Prefecture, Toride City, Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cryptotympana facialis, cast-off shell. Cryptotympana facialis Walker 1992 1996 19992003 ; 2005 2002 2003 2 7002007 8 4 1 18 14 1 2006 2007 8 5 Graptopsaltria nigrofuscatamotschulsky 2007 8 4. Fig. 1. The exuvia of a female Cryptotympana facialis collected on August 4, 2007 in Toride City. Oncotympana maculaticollis Motschulsky 2 1995 * 302-0023 2-3-18Hakusan Elementary School, 2-3-18 Hakusan, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0023, Japan ** 300-1512 700Board of Education in Toride City Hall, 700 Fujishiro, Toride, Ibaraki 300-1512, Japan *** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan

14 A:, B: Fig. 2. Femoral spur of front-leg. A: Cryptotympana facialis, B: Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata. 2001 2007 8 2001 3 9 20076 1990 1999Cryptotympana facialis2 37-38 2003 2002 Cryptotympana facialis HemipteraCicadidae 6 33-34 2005 2004 : 8 47-49 2003 7 97-99 199695 23 pp. 1995 10 2-3 1992 25 pp. 2007 pp. 83-97

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 15-16 (2008) 15 * ** 2008 2 22 A Record of Papilio memnon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Collected in Bando City, Central Japan Masaki HISAMATSU * and Kaoru SERAKU ** (Accepted February 22, 2008) Key words: Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Papilio memnon, Ibaraki Prefecture. Papilio memnon 1 2003 20052004 2004 20042004; 2005 20042005 20052005 2006 2007 200720072007 2007 2007 Citrus unshiu 2 2007 7 28. Fig. 1. Two eggs of Papilio memnon that was oviposited on a leaf of Citrus unshiu (photographed by K. Seraku on July 28, 2007). 2007 8 1. Fig. 2. A larva of Papilio memnon which was hatching (photographed by K. Seraku on August 1, 2007). * 306-0622 700 Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan ** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan

16 2007 7 1 28 3 8 1 22 1 8 27 28 39 11 4 a 1 b a: 2007 8 27, b: 2007 8 28 Fig. 3. Pupation of Papilio memnon (a:photographed by K. Seraku on August 27, 2007, b: photographed by K. Seraku on August 28, 2007). 2007 9 11 Fig. 4. An adult of Papilio memnon immediately after emergence (photographed by K. Seraku on September 11, 2007). 2004 31 71 2007 34 39 2005 32 67 2004 406 13 2004 406 12 2007 25 1-2 200721 5 35 2-110 20052003 410 47-48 2004 23 21 2007 226 39 2005 24 90 2005 32 67 2007 63 94

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 17-20 (2008) 17 * ** *** 2008 3 30 Records of Papilio memnon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Collected or Observed in Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan Takenari INOUE *, Yoshinobu UEMURA ** and Masaki HISAMATSU *** (Accepted March 30, 2008) Key words: Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Papilio memnon, Ibaraki Prefecture. Papilio memnon 1 2006 2000 2001a2001b2003 2005 2004; 2007; 2005; 2004; 20042007a2007b; 2006; 2004; 2007; 2005; 2005; 2007 28 2000 1 11. IX. 20061 21. IX. 20061 1 22. IX. 20061 25. IX. 20061 29. IX. 20061 5. V. 20072 11. V. 2007 1 13. V. 20071 27. VII. 2007 1 28. VII. 20071 24. VIII. 20071 28. VIII. 20071 * 193-0843 1833-81Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1833-81 Todorimachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843, Japan ** 300-2633 676Toyosato Museum of Entomology, 676 Tohigashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2633, Japan *** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan

18 2000 Table 1. Collection and observation records of Papilio memnon since 2000 in Ibaraki Prefecture. 2. VI. 2006 1 2007a 13. VII. 2006 1 2007 12. VI. 2005 1 2005 26. V. 2005 1 2005 3. X. 2007 1 2008 28. VIII. 2007 1 13. IX. 2007 28. IX. 2007 1 2 1b 2 1 2 2 6. X. 2007 1 7. X. 2007 2 1 11. X. 2007 4 2 23. VII. 2004 1 2004 13. IX. 2007 1 10. X. 2007 1 27. VII. 2007 1 11. IX. 2006 1 21. IX. 2006 1 1 22. IX. 2006 1 25. IX. 2006 1 29. IX. 2006 1 28. VII. 2004 1 2004 24. VIII. 2007 1 28. IX. 2006 1 2007 17. VII. 2004 1 2005 28. VIII. 2007 1 17. VIII. 2000 1 4 2001a,b 24. VI. 2006 1 2006 8. IX. 2007 1 5. V. 2007 2 2. IX. 2007 2 3. IX. 2007 1 4. IX. 2007 1 1a 1 7. IX. 2007 1 11. IX. 2007 1 13. IX. 2007 1 14. IX. 2007 18. IX. 2007 1 25. IX. 2007 1 10. X. 2007 2 23. X. 2007 1 28. VII. 2007 1 24. VIII. 2004 1 2004 28. VII. 2007 1 11. IX. 2007 1 2008 11. V. 2007 1 13. V. 2007 1 3. X. 2006 1 2007a 20. V. 2006 1 2007 18. VIII. 2004 1 2004 28. IX. 2003 1 2005 1. IX. 2007 1 2007 3. IX. 2007 1 2007 23. V. 2006 1 2007a

: 19 a b a: 2007 9 4 b: 2007 9 13 Fig. 1. Adults of Papilio memnon collected from Ibaraki Prefecturea: Male (4. IX. 2007, Matsunosato, Tsukuba City, M.Shimazu leg.)b: Female (13. IX. 2007, Sakayori, Makabe-cho, Sakuragawa City, T.Inoue leg.). 2. IX. 20072 3. IX. 20071 4. IX. 20071 1a 1 7. IX. 20071 11. IX. 20071 13. IX. 20071 13. IX. 20071 2 1b 14. IX. 2007 18. IX. 20071 25. IX. 20071 28. IX. 20072 1 2 6. X. 20072 1 7. X. 20072 1 10. X. 20072 10. X. 20071 23. X. 20071 2007 5 5 2007 10 23 2007 10 23 1 5 6 7 8 8 10 3

20 2004 31 71 2005 32 67 2007 34 39 2004 406 13 2008 11 15-16 2001a 4 6 28 2001b 4 21 112 2007 2004 406 12 2007a 25 1-2 2007b21 5 35 2-110 2006 35 423-424 20052003 410 47-48 2004 23 21 2007 6 39 2005 24 90 2008 2007 117 5-7 2005 32 67 2007 63 94 2006336 pp 2007 31 11

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 21-23 (2008) 21 * 2008 5 16 A Record of Trachemys scripta elegans Spawning on the Campus of Ibaraki Nature Museum,Central Japan Nagatoshi HAYASE * (Accepted May 16, 2008) Key words: Ibaraki Nature Museum,spawn, Trachemys scripta elegans. Trachemys scripta elegans 2005 1950 2005 2002 100 2002 Trachemys scripta IUCN 100 2002 5 7 2003 20.6 19.4 5 8 2007 6 20 800 80 m 15 m 15 m 380 m 2005 1 2 * 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan)

22 15 cm 8 cm 14 3 3.5 cm 1.5 cm 1 Cagle1950 129 7.0 2 19 102 9.3 4 18Thornhill1982 68 11.090.77 Fig. 1. A location of Trachemys scripta elegans spawning in Ibaraki Nature Museum in 2007. 1 1963 5 10 1976 4 8 2003 48 6.70.6 1963 4 6 Schmidt and Inger1957 4 6 1974 6.7 4 112003 37 8.30.8 2003 1 54 8.80.4 2003 22.5 23.5 cm Fig. 2. A spawning hole of Trachemys scripta elegans in Ibaraki Nature Museum in 2007: 15 cm diameter and 8 cm depth. 2 20031 3 6 2003 14 Fig. 3. Fourteen eggs of Trachemys scripta elegans confirmed in Ibaraki Nature Museum in 2007. Cagle, F. R. 1950The life history of the slider turtlepseudemys scripta troostiiholbrookecol. Monogr., 31-54 1974 3 45-47 1976 3 93-94 2005 1 1-3. 1963 8 pp. 68-85

23 2002390 pp. Schmidt, K. P. and R. F. Inger. 1957. Living reptiles of the world 287pp.Hamish Hamilton Ltd.London 2003 6 pp. 70-90 Thornhill, G. M. 1982. Comparative reproduction of the turtle, Chrysemys scripta elegans, in heated and natural lakes. Journal of Herpetplogy, 347-353 2002 p. 97 2005 2005 155-163

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 25-26 (2008) 25 20072008 * ** ** 2008 6 6 Records of White Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia during 2007-2008 Winter in Sugao Marsh, Western Ibaraki Prefecture Makoto ITO *, Kazuo SHINOHARA ** and Takehiko ITO *** (Accepted June 6, 2008) Key words: Ibaraki Prefecture, Platalea leucorodia, Sugao Marsh, white spoonbill. Platalea leucorodia 1995 1995; 2005 19493 1951 1 1965 12 1967 3 2000 1 1 1969; 1985; 2000 1999; 2003 2007 12 9 2008 3 27 1 232 ha, 3 km., 1 1: 2007 12 9 10 30 Phalacrocorax carbo 1 12 23 1 2: 1995 2008 3 27 5 35. * 302-0622 700 Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki, 306-0622, Japan ** 302-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki, 306-0622, Japan

26 1980 1 3 2 1,000 Cygnus columbianus 13 1995 2007 20052007 1993 200 1999; 2003 6 2000 Fig. 1. A map of Sugao Marsh. Point 1 and 2 indicate appeared area of the White Spoonbill Location of the observation points. 2007 12 26 Fig. 2. A juvenile of White Spoonbill observed in Sugao Marsh. (Photographed by Mitsuyoshi Ishii on December 26, 2007). 5 1 1 1. 1978 196960 pp., 1978 pp.899-900 1980 pp. 94. 1985252 pp. 1995 < > 304 pp. 2005 16 162 pp. 2007 18 73 pp. 2000 6 345 pp. 2000 234 16 1999 2105-110 2003: 1998 10 2001 9 6 67-75 Platalea leucorodia

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 27-28 (2008) 27 * ** *** 2008 4 25 A New Record of Asian Parti-colored Bat in Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan Koji YAMAZAKI *, Sachiko YASUI ** and Makoto HIROSE ** (Accepted April 25, 2008) Key words: Chiroptera, Asian parti-colored bat, Ibaraki Prefecture, Vespertilio sinensis. Chiroptera 1987 199820012003 2003 2006 1998200420072 6 7 Vespertilio sinensis Peters 1880 1970 Yoshiyuki1989 36.929753 N 140.272933 E 1,022 m2004 4 30 1 20002005 INM-1-031261 1 2005; 2005 2004 4 30 Fig. 1. A female Asian parti-colored bat collected on 30 April 2004 in the Yamizo Mts., Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. * 302-0622 700 Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki, 306-0622, Japan ** 305-0044 4-10-1-902-204Bat Study and Conservation Group of Japan, 4-10-1-902-204 Namiki, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan *** 310-0031 3-4-73-4-7 Daiku, Mito-city, Ibaraki 310-0031, Japan

28 2004 4 30 Table 1. Measurement data for the female Asian parti-colored bat collected on 30 April 2004 in the Yamizo Mts., Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. mm 47.82 68.62 41.76 17.71 7.35 6.54 16.76 2000279 pp., 2003 23 55-56 1998 1 pp. 207-211 2004 3 pp. 279-283 2007 4 pp. 255-260 1970 350 pp. 1987 11 63-64 2003 1997 2001 6 85-93 2005 68 pp., 2005 pp. 26-24, 159-169, 1998 18 60-61 2006 27-29 2001 4 103-108 Yoshiyuki, M. 1989. A systematic study of the Japanese Chiroptera242 pp., National Science Museum, Tokyo. Vespertilio sinensis

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 29-31 (2008) 29 * 2008 4 25 Appearance Records on Japanese Serow (Artiodactyla) in the Central Part of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Koji YAMAZAKI * (Accepted April 25, 2008) Key words: Artiodactyla, Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus, Ibaraki Prefecture. 2004 Capricornis crispus Temminck 1845 1986 1991 1998 12 1999 3 4 3 N140.257819 E 1 3.2005 6 3 9:05 9:10 36.381714 N140.259097 E 3 12005 6 1 14:30 36.360161 N 140.289675 E 22005 6 2 9:30 9:40 36.379528. Fig. 1. A Japanese serow photographed on the bank of the grounds of Kasama Junior High School on 2 June 2005 (taken by Keiko Isaka). * 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan

30 6 3 2 62 mm 52 mm 60 km 1 km 1992 1991 3 Fig. 2. A footprint of Japanese serow found near Kasama Junior High School on 3 June 2005. 6 8 3,600 m 3 1978 2003 2004 1980 1990 2005 Fig. 3. Points of appearance of Japanese serow so far been confirmed in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan (Black circle indicates appearance points during the 1980-1990s, and black triangle indicates appearance points in 2005 in Kasama City).

31 2004 6 116 pp. 1991 33-34. 1992231pp 1991 208 pp. Capricornis crispus

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 33-40 (2008) 33 * ** *** 2008 6 19 The First Record of a North American Freshwater Planarian, Girardia tigrina (Girard) (Plathelminthes, Tricladida) from Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan Shigeo CHINONE *, Kiyohiko YAMAMOTO ** and Masaharu KAWAKATSU *** (Accepted June 19, 2008) Abstract According to Chinone's field surveys after the year 2004, natural distribution of an unidentified exotic planarian has gradually been increasing in Ibaraki Prefecture. This species was tentatively identified to Girardia tigrina, (Girard, 1850), which was originally described from The Continent of North America, and has long been known as a North American species. It is, however, now known to be a cosmopolitan species distributed widely in the world. In Ibaraki Prefecture, it is now rather common in shallow waters such as brooks, irrigation canals and ponds in lowland areas (5-20 m above the sea). However, no sexually mature individuals of this species have been found in the Ibaraki populations. They have a chromosome number of 3x = 24, with a karyotype of 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m. Since the triploid G. tigrina reproduces asexually by fission, its population density may have been increasing in the Tone River system during recent years. Key words: Plathelminthes, Girardia tigrina, exotic species, freshwater planarian, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tone River System. 4 3 1 Dugesia japonica Ichikawa and Kawakatsu1964 Phagocata vividaijima and Kaburaki1916 Seidlia auriculata (Ijima and Kaburaki1916) 1961 1961 * 306-0631 2026-22026-2 Iwai, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0631, Japan ** 951-3214 1977-231977-23 Kinkai-Ôhira-chô, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 951-3214, Japan *** 001-0909 9 1-89jô 9chôme 1-8, Shinkotoni, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô 001-0909, Japan)

34 1963 Phagocata papillifera (Ijima and Kaburaki1916 19662003 19912006; 2001 2003 Girardia tigrina Girard1850 Tricladida Paludicola Dugesiidae Girardia2007; 20021800 1900 2 1980 Kawakatsu et al. 19851990 Kawakatsu et al.19931995 2002 2007 2007 Kawakatsu et al.2007 Dugesia gonocephala Dugès, 1830 D. japonica Ichikawa and Kawakatsu 1964Polycelis auriculata Seidlia Kawakatsu and Mitchell1995 2002 2004 2008 Kawakatsu et al., 2007 2007 6 12 mm 0.5 1.8 mm 1 a, b Girardia 1 c

35 3x=24 3 3 m + 3 m +3 m +3 m +3 m +3 m +3 m +3 m Girardia sp. Girardia tigrina a 2 A, B3 3x 243m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m. Fig. 2. Idiograms of tentatively identified Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) from the Higashi-nire River, Ibaraki Prefecture (samples for chromosomal analysis were taken from two specimens). 3x=24, with a karyotype of 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m + 3m. c Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) a: 2 b: 5 mmc: 2 mm Girardia Fig. 1. An exotic freshwater planarian, tentatively identified to Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850), collected from the Higashi-nire River, Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan. a: Two live specimens (photographed by Chinone). b: Sketch of a live specimen (bar, 5 mm). c: A pigmented pharynx removed from a live specimen (ca. 2 mm long January 11, 2004). A black arrow indicates the pharyngeal base; an open arrow, the mouth (photographed by Chinone). This is the typical pigmented pharynx of species of the genus Girardia Ball, 1974. b 2003 10 2004 8 3 6Sts. 1 11 St. 1 St. 2St. 7 St. 10 St. 11 St. 1 St. 3 2 10 cm 100 2

36 St. 9 St. 10 St. 11 St. 10St. 11 20 m St. 1. 7 a 7 m25 m10 18 cm 10 20 cm 0.3 0.6 m/s 7 Jan. 8, 20041130 ph7.7do10.7 mg/lec0.46 ms/cm7.1 10.7 11.50Jan. 31, 2004 St. 2. 8 m4 m30 cm 0.8 m/s5 7 1130Jan. 18, 2004 St. 3. 5 m5 m30 cm 0.6 m/s7.4 8.6 3 A, B, C 4 A 5B6 C Fig. 3. Sketched map of the east-central area of the Kantô Region (parts of Ibaraki, Chiba, Saitama, Tochigi and Gunma Prefectures) in central Japan, showing the tree areas where surveys of planarian distribution were carried out (A, B and C). For the enlarged topographical maps of the areas surveyed, see maps A (Fig. 4), B (Fig. 5) and C (Fig. 6), respectively.

茨城県におけるアメリカナミウズムシ 扁形動物門 三岐腸目 の出現記録 12 20 Jan. 31, 2004 着生基質 シルト質の小岩石 St. 4. 東仁連川 常総市菅生町 堀込橋の下 海抜高度 12 m 流幅 4.5 m 水深 23 cm 底質 固いシルト層 水温 7.1 気温 8.2 12 20 Jan. 25, 2004 着生基質 シルト質の小岩石 St. 5. 東仁連川 常総市大塚戸町 水海道ゴルフクラ 37 砂泥質に礫岩混じり 流速 0.2 m/s 水温 7.8 気 温 11.4 ph 8.0 DO 14.2 mg/l EC 0.42 ms/cm Jan. 30, 2004 10 40 着生物質 シルト質の小岩石 St. 6. 東仁連川 常総市坂手町 貝置橋下 海抜高度 16 m 流幅 7.7 m 水深 20 cm 底質 砂 泥 底 水 温 8.2 気 温 11.2 Jan. 21, 2004 ブ 図 7 b 11 30 着生基質 シルト質の小岩石 海抜高度 15 m 流幅 5.7 m 水深 25 cm 底質 St. 7. 飯沼川 坂東市神田山 反町閘門橋下 図 4. 菅生沼付近 常総市 坂東市 の調査地点 Sts. 1 8 国土地理院 5 万分の 1 の地形図 水海道 野田を改変 Fig. 4. The surveyed area including Sugao Marsh, Jôsô City and Bandô City (Sts. 1-8). Cited from parts of the 1:50,000 topographical maps of Mitsukaidô and Noda (Geographical Survey Institute of Japan), and partially retouched.

38 茅根重夫 山本清彦 川勝正治 図 5. 筑 波 山 周 辺 の 調 査 地 点 Sts. 9 10 国土地理院 5 万 分の 1 の地形図 真壁を改変 Fig. 5. The surveyed area including the western and south-western parts of Mt. Tsukuba (Sts. 9 and 10). Cited from parts of the 1 : 50,000 topographical map of Makabe (Geographical Survey Institute of Japan), and partially retouched. 図 6. 乙 戸 沼 St. 11 国 土 地 理 院 5 万分の 1 の地形図 土浦 を改変 Fig. 6. The area surveyed of Ottonuma Pond (St. 11). Part of the 1:50,000 topographical map of Tsuchiura was used after being retouched.

39 1 mnov. 23, 2004 St. 11 20 m700 m 50 100 cm 23.0 29.0 Oct. 1, 2004, 1155 a Girardia tigrina 3 2004. 1. 29 St. 1 (St. 5). Fig. 7. The photographs of surveyed areas taken on January 29, 2004, a: Sugao Marsh (St. 1), b: Higashi-nire River (St. 5). 10 m15 m0.7 1 m 8 16 0.5 m/s Jan. 9, 2008 St. 8. 18 m6 m 60 cm 0.3 m/s7.0 10.0 ph8.0do14.1 mg/lec0.38 ms/cmjan. 30, 20041040 St. 9. 20 m 50 m 15 cm 0.4 0.5 m/s23.5 26.5 Oct. 4, 2007 St. 10 20 m200 m b 1961 9: 17-20. 2007. Fresh water planaria found in Amagasaki. Science Reserch SSH pp. 22-26 2004 Ichikawa, A. and M. Kawakatsu. 1964. A new freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica, commonly but erroneously

40 known as Dugesia gonocephala (Dugès). Annot. Zool. Japon., :185-194. Ijima, I. and T. Kaburaki, 1916. Preliminary descriptions of some Japanese Triclads. Annot. Zool. Japon., : 153-171. 2001. Phagocata papillifera. RDB http://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp /rdb/ content/065.html 1991. Phagocata papillifera. 249 pp. 2006 Phagocata papillifera. pp. 25, 27, 1966 1013-16 2003 pp. 317-320 2007 : 461-469. Kawakatsu, M., I. Oki, S. Tamura and T. Yamayoshi. 1985. Reexamination of freshwater planaians found in tanks of tropical fishes in Japan, with a decription of a new species, Dugesia austroasiatica sp. nov. (Turbellaria; Tricladida; Paludicola). Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, (1): 1-19. Kawakatsu, M. and R. W. Mitehell. 1995. New taxonomic data on an American triclad, Seidlia remota (Smith, 1988 ), with a proposal that generic recognition be extended to the subgenus Seidlia. Zool. Sci., Tokyô, Suppl.: 32. Kawakatsu, M., M. Nishino, A. Ohtaka, K. Yamamoto and G.-Y. Sasaki. 2007. Exotic planarians now known from Japan (Preliminary Report). Kawakatsu's Web Library on Planarians (Feb. 15, 2000). http:// victoriver.com. Bar: Matsuyama Mar 07. Kawakatsu, M., S. Tamura, M. Takai, K. Yamamoto, R. Ueno and I. Oki. 1993. The first record of occurrence of a naturalized population of Dugesia tigrina (Girard, 1850 ) at Nagasaki, Kysh, Japan (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Paludicola). Bull. Biogeogra. Soci. Japan, (2): 28-34. 1961 8 p. 9. 1963, 106-9. 2002. 754. 2002. http:// www2u.biglobe.ne.jp /~gen-yu/plaj_list.html 2007. 445-447.http://victoriver.com. Bar: Exo Planarians. 5 20 m 3 3 243

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 41-44 (2008) 41 * ** *** 2008 4 20 Notes on a Local Outbreak of Succinea lauta (Stylommatophora : Succineidae) in Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan Hiromi IKEZAWA * Chikashi AKIBA ** and Taiji KUROZUMI *** (Accepted April 20, 2008 ) Abstract A local population of an amber-snail, Succinea lauta, experienced a sudden increase at a vegetable garden along the Kokai River. Two live individuals and 29 dead ones, adhering to four kinds of crop: raspberry, myoga ginger, rhubarb and aloe, were collected. Individuals of this species were probably carried through the river, dispersed through water leak from a ditch and underwent a population explosion, by finding out favorable habitat conditions at the vegetable garden near the ditch. Key words: Succineidae, Succinea lauta, Stylommatophora, outbreak, Ibaraki Prefecture. Succinea lauta Gould, 1859 10 mm 1988 2002 19811982 19842003 1987 2005 2007 9 30 * 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan ** 303-0023 33803380 Mitsukaido-takaramachi, Joso, Ibaraki 303-0023, Japan *** 260-8682 955-2Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan

42 1 2007 10 22 2008 2 9 INM-1-037823 03785331 exs. 2007 10 22 16.8 mm15.0 20.8 mm 9.2 mm7.8 10.9 mm CBM-ZM1424052 exs. 2007 9 26 16.8 mm16.117.6 mm 9.4 mm9.09.8 mm 2007 10 22 31 2 1 2 2008 2 9 3 5340-7050 40 50 m 2007 2007 10 22 Fig. 1. Dead individuals of Succinea lauta, adhering to a leaf of aloe in the greenhouse (taken on October 22, 2007). 20 2004 6 2007 6 10 2007 10 22 Fig. 2. Shells of dead Succinea lauta at the outer edge of the greenhouse (taken on October 22, 2007).

: 43 19661984 1985 4 2003. 3. 31993. 8. 26 19831984 1991 1984 1991. 9. 171993 1991. 9. 17 1984 2005 2003. 3. 3 2005. 8. 30 2007 7 1996 20032003 2002 4 2 1996. 14 43-106. 2002 pp.51-80. 2003 226 1-242 1988x + 294 pp.,.

44 1981 28 p. 85 1982. 29 p. 202 1987111 52-53. 2002 /2 1,654 pp.. 1966. 1 20 1-7. 1984190 pp. + 28 pls.. 1985 4 114-117 2003 1,203 pp. 2005 Venus1 /2 79 2007 4

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 45-61 (2008) 45 * ** 2008 4 5 The Vascular Plant Flora of Ami Town, Ibaraki Prefecture (A Third Report) Takashi KURIHARA * and Kazuo OBATA ** (Accepted April 5, 2008) Abstract From 1991 to 2007, we conducted a research on the vascular plant flora of Ami Town in Ibaraki Prefecture. 763 vascular plant species, including 23 endangered species, are recognized. Key words: vascular plant, flora, Ami Town, endangered species. 1991 2006 1,122 1993 1997 153 1,275 666 20062007 2 2 2 90 1 2 2007 3 11 357 2007 6 22 2 24 1 2007 357 216 * 300-4111 1510-1541510-154 Obatake, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300-4111, Japan ** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan

46 216 2007 98 98 54 2002 34 10 1 9 54 20071997 6 2006 INM-2-40815 Cuscuta australis R. Br. C. pentagona Engelm. var. calycina Engelm. INM-2-40942 Dryopteris monticola MakinoC. Chr. D. uniformis MakinoMakino 2007 666 665 665 98 763 602 2002 141 20 7 13 602 23 2007 4 1 1 2 2 3 5 6 0 3km 6 24 Fig. 1. Twenty four sections of six areas studied in Ami Town.

3 47 2 2007 2007 2007 1997 6 1991 2006 23 1 12 10 1 2007 2007 8 3 Euphorbia sendaica Makino 2000

48 Table 1. Endangered Species in Ami Town. No. 1 Carex capricornis 2006 2 Monochoria korsakowii 2007 3 Iris laevigata 2006 4 Isoetes japonica 2008 5 Penthorum chinense 2007 6 Sparganium erectum 2007 7 Salvinia natans 2006 8 Euphorbia adenochlora 2008 9 Veronica undulata 2008 10 Hydrocharis dubia 2006 11 Ludwigia ovalis 2006 12 Ceratopteris thalictroides 2007 13 Codonopsis ussuriensis 2006 14 Cephalanthera falcata 2007 15 Euphorbia sendaica 2008 16 Calanthe discolor 2008 17 Dendranthema boreale 2007 18 Dendropanax trifidus 2007 19 Liparis nervosa 2007 20 Cimicifuga japonica 2006 21 Rosa luciae 2007 22 Synurus excelsus 2008 23 Viola confusa subsp. nagasakiensis 2007 2007 1997 20062006200720072008 19972007 Euphorbia adenochlora Morr. et Decne. Calanthe discolor Lindl. Isoetes japonica A. Br. Veronica undulata Wall. Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam.

3 49 2 m 2007 763 763 743 604 141 19.0 2003 51.6 1980 34.31986 25.7 17.01999 13.219832003 2005844 684 103 13.1 602 23 12 10 2007 23 6 1981 1997 2000 1993 27 23 1994 1996 1 104 54 2006 1997 22 14 2007 153 87 11 2006 6 2007 5 2007 90 10 2000 8 660 pp. 2006

50 9 61-78. 2007 2 10 65-100 2000 IA 2 104-110. 1997 253 pp. 2002390 pp. 2003337 pp. 1981339 pp. 2005 156 pp. 2007http //www.biodic.go.jp/rdb/rdb_f.html 1991 2007 763 23

3 51 2007 Appendix. A list of vascular plant specimens in Ami Town (Ver. 2007). LCYOPODIACEAE Lycopodium serratum Thunb. INM-2-53960 20070318 ISOETACEAE Isoetes japonica A. Br. INM-2-54055 20071028 EQUISETACEAE Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. INM-2-53934 20070826 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtia hirsuta (Sw.) Mett. ex Miq. INM-2-53801 20070401 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn INM-2-53732 20070624 PARKERIACEAE Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. INM-2-54047 20071008 ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium incisum Thunb. INM-2-53963 2 20070426 DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris bissetiana (Bak.) C. Chr. INM-2-53959 20070318 Dryopteris chinensis (Bak.) Koidz. INM-2-53986INM-2-53987 20070330 Dryopteris erythrosora (Eaton) O. Ktze. INM-2-53981INM-2-53982 20070330 Dryopteris lacera (Thunb.) O. Ktze. INM-2-54023 20071021 Dryopteris uniformis (Makino) Makino INM-2-53966INM-2-53967 20070415 Polystichum polyblepharum (Roem. ex Kunze) Presl INM-2-53795INM-2-54103 20070318 THELYPTERIDACEAE Stegnogramma pozoi (Lagasca) K. Iwats. subsp. mollissima (Fischer ex Kunze) K. Iwats. INM-2-53802 20070415 Thelypteris acuminata (Houtt.) Morton INM-2-53876 20070520 Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (van Hall) Ching INM-2-53999 20070330 Thelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching INM-2-53811INM-2-53946INM-2-53947 20070415 INM-2-54027 20071021 INM-2-54062INM-2-54063 20071028 INM-2-54100 20071118 Thelypteris japonica (Bak.) Ching INM-2-53787INM-2-53788INM-2-53790 20070422 INM-2-53857INM-2-53858 INM-2-53859 20070624 INM-2-54025INM-2-54026 20071021 INM-2-54101INM-2-54102 20071118 Thelypteris viridifrons Tagawa

52 INM-2-53856 20070624 WOODSIACEAE Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance INM-2-53737INM-2-53738INM-2-53739 2 20070617 INM-2-54012 20071014 INM-2-54028 20071021 Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. et Savat.) Christ INM-2-53799 20070910 INM-2-54098INM-2-54099 20071118 Deparia conilii (Franch. et Savat.) M. Kato INM-2-53883 20070502 INM-2-53936 20070504 INM-2-53805 20070624 INM-2-54013 20071014 Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato INM-2-53733INM-2-53734 20070624 INM-2-54073INM-2-54074 125 20071028 Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro INM-2-53945 20070318 INM-2-53968 20070415 INM-2-53961 2 20070426 SALICACEAE Populus sieboldii Miq. INM-2-53759 20070924 Salix chaenomeloides Kimura INM-2-53847 1 20070924 BETULACEAE Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. INM-2-54082INM-2-54083 1 20071104 Corylus heterophylla Fischer ex Vessel var. thunbergii Blume INM-2-53952 20070504 URTICACEAE Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. var. nivea INM-2-53812 2 20070910 Boehmeria platanifolia Franch. et Savat. INM-2-54001 20071008 INM-2-54014INM-2-54015 20071014 POLYGONACEAE Persicaria yokusaniana (Makino) Nakai INM-2-54095 20071118 Polygonum aviculare L. INM-2-54042 20071014 Rumex acetosella L. INM-2-53882 20070502 NYCTAGINACEAE Mirabils jalapa L. INM-2-54078 20071104 PORTULACACEAE Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. INM-2-53833 20070902 AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera denticulata R.Br. INM-2-53769 1 20070924 Celosia cristata L. INM-2-53836 20070902 MAGNOLIACEAE

3 53 Magnolia obovata Thunb. INM-2-53860 20070624 ANNONACEAE Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal INM-2-53933 20070826 LAURACEAE Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Blume INM-2-54064 20071028 BERBERIDACEAE Berberis thunbergii DC. INM-2-53958 20070426 SAURURACEAE Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. INM-2-53891 1 20070708 CHLORANTHACEAE Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. INM-2-53887 20070502 GUTTIFERAE Hypericum ascyron L. INM-2-53957 20070426 PAPAVERACEAE Papaver somniferum L. subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang. INM-2-53938 2 20070513 CRUCIFERAE Cardamine autumnalis Koidz. INM-2-54002INM-2-54006 20071008 SAXIFRAGACEAE Chrysosplenium japonicum (Maxim.) Makino INM-2-53954 20070415 PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum tobira (Thunb. ex Murr.) Aiton INM-2-53796INM-2-53996 1 20070408 INM-2-53844 1 20070924 ROSACEAE Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke INM-2-54096 2 20071118 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. INM-2-53921 20070902 Potentilla sundaica (Blume) O. Kuntze var. robusta (Franch. et Savat.) Kitag. INM-2-53919 1 20070708 Pourthiaea vilosa (Thunb.) Decne. var. zollingeri (Decne.) Nakai INM-2-53992INM-2-53993 20070426 Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. INM-2-53908 1 20070805 Rubus microphyllus L. fil. INM-2-53756 20070624 Rubus palmatus Thunb. var. coptophyllus A. Gray INM-2-53855 2 20070617 INM-2-54018 20071021 LEGMINOSAE Amorpha fruticosa L. INM-2-53941 1 20070513 Arachis hypogaea L.

54 INM-2-54089 20071104 Glycine max (L.) Merr. subsp. soja (Sieb. et Zucc.) Ohashi INM-2-54052 20071008 Rhynchosia acuminatifolia Makino INM-2-53944 20070318 Vicia pseudo-orobus Fisch. et Mey. INM-2-54045 20071008 OXALIDACEAE Oxalis articulata Savigny INM-2-53943 20070502 Oxalis corymbosa DC. INM-2-53872 2 20070617 Oxalis stricta L. INM-2-53854 20070617 EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia adenochlora Morr. et Decne. INM-2-53976 1 20070408 INM-2-53969INM-2-53970 1 20070422 Euphorbia sendaica Makino INM-2-53956 20070415 INM-2-53971 20070422 MELIACEAE Melia azedarach L. var. subtripinnata Miq. INM-2-53870 2 20070617 ACERACEAE Acer palmatum Thunb. INM-2-53965 20070330 SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. INM-2-54097 20071118 AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex integra Thunb. INM-2-53988 20070330 INM-2-53766 1 20070408 INM-2-54091 20071104 MALVACEAE Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss. INM-2-53731 20070624 ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. INM-2-54043INM-2-54044 20071008 VIOLACEAE Viola confusa Champ. ex Bentham subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maek. et Hashimoto INM-2-53991 2 20070401 Viola japonica Langsd. INM-2-53973 20070330 INM-2-53989 2 20070401 Viola yedoensis Makino INM-2-53979 20070330 INM-2-53990 2 20070401 LYTHRACEAE Lythrum salicaria L. INM-2-53892 1 20070729 ONAGRACEAE

3 55 Circaea mollis Sieb. et Zucc. INM-2-54021INM-2-54022 20071021 Epilobium adenocaulon Hassk. INM-2-53797INM-2-53798 20070902 Oenothera biennis L. INM-2-53905 20070722 Oenothera erythrosepala Borbkg INM-2-53783 20070722 Oenothera rosea Ait. INM-2-53865 20070520 ARALIACEAE Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer INM-2-53942 20070502 UMBELLIFERAE Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC. INM-2-53874INM-2-53875 1 20070513 INM-2-53939INM-2-53940 2 20070513 PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia fortunei Maxim. INM-2-53900 1 20070729 Primula malacoides Franch. INM-2-53984 20070330 EBENACEAE Diospyros kaki Thunb. INM-2-53932 20070826 OLEACEAE Ligustrum lucidum Ait. INM-2-53903INM-2-53904 20070722 APOCYNACEAE Vinca major L. INM-2-53977 2 20070422 ASCLEPIADACEAE Cynanchum caudatum (Miq.) Maxim. INM-2-54019 20071021 RUBIACEAE Galium pseudo-asprellum Makino INM-2-53901INM-2-53902 20070722 INM-2-53907 20070805 Galium trachyspermum A. Gray INM-2-54024 20071021 Galium trifidum L. var. brevipedunculatum Regel INM-2-53898INM-2-53899 1 20070729 Hedyotis diffusa Willd. INM-2-53839INM-2-53840 20070902 Sherardia arvensis L. INM-2-53768 1 20070513 CONVOLVULACEAE Calystegia japonica Choisy INM-2-53910 1 20070708 Cuscuta japonica Choisy INM-2-54011 20071014 Ipomoea lacunosa L.

56 INM-2-54104 1 20070924 Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench INM-2-53935 20070826 CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche japonica Engelm. INM-2-53871 2 20070617 LABIATAE Ajuga decumbens Thunb. INM-2-53985 20070330 Clinopodium micranthum (Regel) Hara INM-2-53841INM-2-53842INM-2-53843 20070910 Lycopus ramosissimus Makino var. japonicus (Matsum. et Kudo) Kitam. INM-2-54049 20071008 Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. INM-2-53824INM-2-53825 20070815 Mosla dianthera (Hamilt.) Maxim. INM-2-53850 1 20070924 Stachys riederi Chamisso var. intermedia (Kudo) Kitam. INM-2-53913 1 20070708 SOLANACEAE Physaliastrum japonicum (Franch. et Savat.) Honda INM-2-54009 20071014 SCROPHULARIACEAE Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston var. grandiflora (Retz.) Tuyama INM-2-54005 20071008 Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox INM-2-53914 1 20070708 INM-2-53895 1 20070729 Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. INM-2-53826 1 20070814 Veronica undulata Wall. INM-2-53915 1 20070708 PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago asiatica L. form. paniculata Honda INM-2-54060 20071028 CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera gracilipes Miq. INM-2-53994 20070426 Lonicera gracilipes Miq. var. glabra Miq. INM-2-53888 20070504 VALERIANACEAE Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. INM-2-54010 20071014 COMPOSITAE Ambrosia trifida L. INM-2-53911 1 20070708 INM-2-54075 1 20070924 Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff INM-2-54016INM-2-54017 20071014 Carpesium abrotanoides L. INM-2-53852INM-2-53853 20070924 Carpesium cernuum L.

3 57 INM-2-53813 20070814 Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. et Zucc. INM-2-53816INM-2-53817INM-2-53909 20070814 INM-2-53851 20070924 Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. INM-2-53814INM-2-53815 20070814 Coreopsis lanceolata L. INM-2-53821 20070815 Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. INM-2-54059 125 20071028 Cosmos sulphureus Cav. INM-2-54058 125 20071028 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. INM-2-54040 20071014 Eclipta prostrata L. INM-2-54000 20071008 Ixeris debilis A. Gray INM-2-53868INM-2-53869 20070520 Lapsana humilis (Thunb.) Makino INM-2-53786INM-2-53791 20070415 INM-2-53743 20070520 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. INM-2-53906 2 20070716 Stenactis strigosus (Muhl.) DC. INM-2-53776 20070722 Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. INM-2-53889 20070504 POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton crispus L. INM-2-54087INM-2-54088 20071104 Potamogeton malaianus Miq. INM-2-54093 20071111 LILIACEAE Allium tuberosum Rottl. INM-2-53820 20070815 Disporum smilacinum A. Gray INM-2-53953 20070415 INM-2-53948 2 20070426 Hemerocallis fulva L. var. longituba (Miq.) Maxim. INM-2-53863 20070624 Ipheion uniflorum Rafin. INM-2-53980 20070330 Lilium formolongo Hort. INM-2-54020 20071021 Tricyrtis affinis Makino INM-2-53955 20070415 INM-2-53886 20070502 INM-2-54068INM-2-54069 20071028 Tricyrtis formosana Baker INM-2-54076 2 20071104 AMARYLLIDACEAE Narcissus tazetta L. INM-2-53964 20070330

58 JUNCACEAE Juncus alatus Franch. et Savat. INM-2-53807 20070520 Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen. INM-2-53782INM-2-53896 1 20070729 Juncus leschenaultii Gay INM-2-54090 20071104 Juncus tenuis Willden. INM-2-53740 20070527 INM-2-53917 1 20070708 Juncus wallichianus Laharpe INM-2-54066INM-2-54067 20071028 COMMELINACEAE Tradescantia flumiensis Vell. INM-2-53861 2 20070617 INM-2-53862 2 20070617 POACEAE Agropyron ciliare (Trin.) Franch. var. minus (Miq.) Ohwi INM-2-53746 20070520 Agropyron tsukushiense (Honda) Ohwi var. transiens (Hack.) Ohwi INM-2-53877 20070520 Agrostis clavata Trin. var. nukabo Ohwi INM-2-53764 2 20070513 INM-2-53742 20070520 Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. INM-2-53793 20070330 INM-2-53864 20070520 Andropogon brevifolius Sw. INM-2-54041 20071014 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. INM-2-53881 20070502 Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald INM-2-53937 1 20070513 Briza maxima L. INM-2-53866 20070520 Briza minor L. INM-2-53912 1 20070708 Bromus catharticus Vahl INM-2-53878INM-2-53879 20070504 INM-2-53747INM-2-53748 2 20070513 Bromus japonicus Thunb. INM-2-53744 20070520 Bromus pauciflorus (Thunb.) Hack. INM-2-53735INM-2-53736 20070624 Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth. var. brachytricha (Steud.) Hack. INM-2-54034INM-2-54037 20071014 Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth INM-2-53780INM-2-53781 1 20070729 Coix lacryma-jobi L. INM-2-54092 20071111 Digitaria violascens Link INM-2-54033 20071014

3 59 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. echinata (Willd.) Honda INM-2-53918 1 20070708 Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees INM-2-53758 2 20070924 Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth INM-2-54035INM-2-54036 20071014 Festuca arundinacea Schreb. INM-2-53761INM-2-53762 20070502 INM-2-53749INM-2-53750 2 20070513 INM-2-53753INM-2-53754 1 20070513 INM-2-53755 1 20070513 INM-2-53777INM-2-53778 1 20070708 Festuca parvigluma Steud. INM-2-53962 2 20070426 INM-2-53765 20070504 INM-2-53752 2 20070513 Glyceria acutiflora Torr. INM-2-53998 20070330 INM-2-53972 20070422 Glyceria ischyroneura Steudel INM-2-53773INM-2-53774 20070426 Hemarthria sibirica (Gandog.) Ohwi INM-2-53779 1 20070708 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. INM-2-53880 20070504 Isachne globosa (Thunb.) O. Kuntze INM-2-53834INM-2-53835 20070902 Microstegium japonicum (Miq.) Koidz. INM-2-54032INM-2-54053 20071014 Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata INM-2-54056INM-2-54057 20071028 Muhlenbergia japonica Steud. INM-2-54030INM-2-54031 20071014 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. INM-2-54071INM-2-54072 20071028 Paspalum urvillei Steud. INM-2-54084INM-2-54085INM-2-54086 20071104 Phragmites communis Trin. INM-2-54065 20071028 Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. INM-2-53775 20070318 INM-2-53810 2 20070716 Pleioblastus chino (Franch. et Savat.) Makino INM-2-53997 20070318 Poa acroleuca Steud. INM-2-53789 20070422 INM-2-53949INM-2-53950INM-2-53951 20070504 INM-2-53808INM-2-53809 1 20070513 Poa sphondylodes Trin. INM-2-53763 2 20070513 Stipa pekinensis Hance INM-2-54007INM-2-54008 20071014 Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi INM-2-53741 20070520 INM-2-53745 20070520 Zoysia japonica Steud.

60 INM-2-53867 20070520 ARACEAE Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott INM-2-54077 2 20071104 SPARGANIACEAE Sparganium erectum L. INM-2-53920 1 20070708 CYPERACEAE Carex arenicola Fr. Schm. INM-2-53792 1 20070422 Carex breviculmis R. Br. INM-2-53974 20070330 INM-2-53806 20070520 Carex dimorpholepis Steud. INM-2-53873 1 20070513 Carex dispalata Boott INM-2-53983 20070330 INM-2-53770INM-2-53784INM-2-53785 20070426 Carex gibba Wahlenb. INM-2-53751 2 20070513 Carex japonica Thunb. INM-2-53803 20070504 Carex lanceolata Boott INM-2-53884INM-2-53885 20070502 Carex lenta D. Don INM-2-53760 20070924 Carex nervata Franch. et Savat. INM-2-53975 20070330 Carex sachalinensis Fr. Schm. var. alterniflora (Franch.) Ohwi INM-2-53800 20070504 Carex vesicaria L. INM-2-53978 1 20070422 Cyperus amuricus Maxim. INM-2-54038INM-2-54039 20071014 Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. var. leiolepis (Franch. et Savat.) T. Koyama INM-2-53897 1 20070729 INM-2-53772 20070902 Cyperus flaccidus R. Br. INM-2-53771 20070902 Cyperus flavidus Retz. INM-2-53822INM-2-53823 20070815 INM-2-53837INM-2-53838 20070902 Cyperus iria L. INM-2-53827 1 20070814 Cyperus microiria Steud. INM-2-53848 1 20070924 INM-2-54003INM-2-54004 20071008 Cyperus nipponicus Franch. et Savat. INM-2-53818 1 20070814 Cyperus odoratus L. INM-2-53757 1 20070924 INM-2-54079INM-2-54080INM-2-54081 1 20071104

3 61 Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. INM-2-53849 1 20070924 Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl INM-2-53846 1 20070924 INM-2-54048 20071008 Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. et Schult. INM-2-53828INM-2-53829INM-2-53830 1 20070814 INM-2-53831 20070902 INM-2-53804 1 20070924 INM-2-54050 INM-2-54051 20071008 Fimbristylis diphylloides Makino INM-2-53894 1 20070729 INM-2-54046 20071008 Fimbristylis subbispicata Nees et Mey. INM-2-53893 1 20070729 Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth INM-2-53832 20070902 Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray INM-2-53916 1 20070708 Scirpus juncoides Roxb. INM-2-54070 20071028 Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel. INM-2-53890 1 20070708 Scirpus wichurae Boecklr. INM-2-54054 20071028 ORCHIDACEAE Calanthe discolor Lindl. INM-2-53995 20070426 2002 2007 1997 INM-2-2007

Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., (11): 63-68 (2008) 63 Carcharodon megalodon * * ** 2008 3 30 Preparation of Carcharodon megalodon Tooth Set from Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Yoshiki KODA *, Takuya NAGASE * and Katsunori IIZUMI ** (Accepted March 30, 2008) Abstract Ibaraki Nature Museum has collected tooth set of Carcharodon megalodon associated with vertebrae from calcareous concretions in the Miocene Kokozura Formation, Takaku Group, Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. 54 pieces of shark tooth were confirmed from rock samples by the end of February, 2008. Preparing conditions and related problems are described in this report. Key words: Carcharodon megalodon tooth set, preparing, calcareous concretion, lower Miocene, Ibaraki Prefecture. 2006 4 Carcharodon megalodon, 1996 2005 5 6 1.5 m 1 m 30 cm 23 C. megalodon 70 60 cm 20 cm 2007b C. megalodon 1-3 C. megalodon C. megalodon 4 * 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan ** 300-2395 195 (Tsukubamirai City Hall, 195 Fukuda, Tsukubamirai City, Ibaraki 300-2395, Japan).

64 1989 2007ab 2006 7 5 6 2006 6.. 120m Fig. 1. Excavation was made during June, 2006 with the permission from regional offices of coast and fishery. Air hose for a rock drill was connected with the length of 120 m to the compressor which was set on the city road. Picture shows the scene of excavation. 40 m Fig. 3. Rock sample yielding tooth set were sliced away from the bottom of sea water. Excavation site is 40 meters off from beach, and it is disappeared in sea water during the high tide. Carrying of rock ample was possible with the buoyancy of seawater. Carcharodon megalodon Fig. 2. Numbering of Carcharodon megalodon was made at the fossil site. Fig. 4. Rock samples were carried in a laboratory of the INM. These samples settled with the same situation as the excavation site. There after, picking out and cleaning of teeth samples were quickly operated.

Carcharodon megalodon 65 7 2006 8 82007 2 C. megalodon 2007a 2008 2 C. megalodon 54 4 C. megalodon Carcharhinus sp Galeocerdo sp Isurus sp Galeocerdo sp C. megalodon C. megalodon C. carcharias 2 C. megalodon 6 8 mm 9 10 Fig. 5. Preparation work was operated by a tool with air compressor. To avoid noise and vibration, cleaning tool was used at outdoor facility. Air compressor was kept in a separated room. Fig. 6. Grooving was made by using the disk grinder. Noise and dust were scattered from the grinder. 500W 9 3 N, N- N, N-

66 Fig. 7. The flow chart of preparation work.

Carcharodon megalodon 67 2 Fig. 8. Sample shows the jointed occurrence of upper and lower teeth. This sample was picked out from the rock shown in Fig.2. with this occurrence these fossils are considered to belong to the same individual. Fig. 10. Preparation work using small hammer was used during preparation work. This was skilful and gave some damages with careless mistake if fail fossils are broken. 1/3 C. megalodon C. carcharias C. megalodon 11 Fig. 9. Grooves were made by the disk grinder, Sometimes another teeth were confirmed along the grooves of grinder. C. megalodon B72 Fig. 11. Rock trash produced by preparation work.

68 Carcharodon megalodon 1989 pp.121-153. 2007a Carcharodon megalodon. (156): 55. 2007b Carcharodon megalodon : 1-2. G 2005 (78): 47-58. 1996..,: 41-59. Carcharodon megalodon 2008 2 54 C. megalodon Carcharodon megalodon

69 1 Original article 2 Review 3 Short article 4 Note 5 Miscellany 1 2 3 306-0622 700 1 2 3.5MS-DOS 20 4

70 1 2 Title 1 3 Footnotes * ** *** * BNo. 05909005. ** 306-0622 700Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando 306-0622, Japan. *** 310-85122-1-1Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan. A Taxonomic Study of Pycnogonids on the Coasts of Ibaraki * Taro MITO ** and Ichiro IWAI *** * This research was partially supported by Grant-and-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 05909005), Ministry of Education. ** Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando 306-0622, Japan. *** Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito 310-0056, Japan. 4 Abstract 200 300 5 Key words 3 10 Key words: ancestrulae, Bryozoa, Celleporina, early astogeny, larvae, metamorphosis, systematics.. 6 a Introduction b Materials and Methods c Results Descriptions d Discussion 7 Acknowledgments

71 8 References a b 1899, 1990...Brown, 1986; Mawatari, 1986... 2 1990...Zimmer and Woollacott1989... 3 1974...Lyke et al., 1983... 3 c abc... 1986a1986b... d a 15 b 26 : c 3 d 478 e 2 2 1 f 2 2 First name 68 11993228 pp., 21986 : 1-13 31979 2 91 pp 41982 pp. 321-328 5Klevelen, D. W. 1957. Coal science. 185 pp., Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam. 6 Schnurer, J. M., M. Clarholm and T. Rosswall. 1985. Microbial biomass and activity in an agricultural soil with different organic matter contents. Soil Biol. Biochem., : 611-618. 7 Addicott, J. F. 1985. Competition in mutualistic systems. In: Boucher, D. H. ed., The biology of mutualism, pp. 217-247, Croom Helm, London. 8 Zimmer, R. L. and R. M. Woollacott. 1977 a. Structure and classification of gymnolaemate larvae. In: Woollacott, R. M. and R. L. Zimmer eds., Biology of bryozoans, pp. 57-89, Academic Press, New York. 1 2 3,. 4

72 1 4 1 3035 2 4 1 1025 3 1 1 4 1 5 a b 6 1 a Fig. b Table c Pl. 2 3 1 4 11 5 6 7 8 9 1 10 115.723.2cm 14 3 21 15 1 23 16 10 1

* ** * ** Editorial Board Chief editor: Yoshiki KODA Editors: Hiromi IKEZAWA * Kazuo OBATA ** Nobuhiro KURISU Hideo TAKIMOTO Koji YAMAZAKI Masaki HISAMATSU Seiichi KOKUFUTA Wataru KOIKE * Managing editor ** Assistant editor 11 BULLETIN OF IBARAKI NATURE MUSEUM No. 11 2008. 11 20 11 30 306-0622 700 TEL 0297-38-2000

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