UDC '24'26'-192: Strengthening of Ultra-low Carbon Ni-Cr Steel by Precipitation Hardening Isao KIMURA, Hiroshi YADA, and Mitsuo HONDA

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UDC 669.15'24'26'-192: 621.785.78 Strengthening of Ultra-low Carbon Ni-Cr Steel by Precipitation Hardening Isao KIMURA, Hiroshi YADA, and Mitsuo HONDA Synopsis: In order to obtain a new age-hardening steel, a study was carried out to modify the strong and tough matrix of 18Ni maraging steel by reducing Ni content, addition of Cr, etc. It was proved that the Ni-Cr matrix steels with Ni content as low as 6 to 10% and Cr content of over 4% exhibited massive martensite structure similar to the high Ni steel, and promising mechanical properties. Then it was studied to strengthen this matrix by the addition of various elements which are expected to give precipitation hardening. It was shown that the most effective strengthening was obtained by the combined addition of Mo and Co, and a composition of ultra-low carbon 8Ni-6Cr-9Co-6Mo was finally obtained to give 180 kg/mm2 as ultimate tensile strength. This steel exhibited mechanical properties no inferior to those of 18Ni maraging steel and,showed better corrosive properties. (Received Aug. 19, 1971)

極 低炭 素 ニ ッケ ル ク ロム鋼 の 析 出 強 化 Heat Treatment: 1000 Ž ~1hr AC した が,18Ni系 1087 と 同 様,高 転 位 密 度 でlath構 造 を示 す 典 型 的 な マ ッシ ブ マ ル テ ン サ イ ト組 織 を 示 して い る. 3.強 3.1供 化 元 素 の検 討 試材 こ の よ う なFe-Ni-Cr系 マ ト リ ク ス に 対 して,析 化 元 素 と し てMo,Ti,Al,Be,Cu,Nb,V,Wな 選 び,ま どを た 析 出 を 促 進 さ せ る 元 素 と し てCoの 添加を検 討 し た. Ta ble2に 強 化 元 素 と そ の 添 加 量 を 示 し た.18Ni系 マ ル エ ー ジ ン グ 鋼 で 有 効 な 強 化 が 得 ら れ て い るCo,Mo の 複 合 添 加 を 主 と し て 検 討 し,さ 4Mo系 Table Fig. 1. Constitution diagram of Fe-Ni-Cr ら に8Ni-6Cr-7Co- に 対 して 補 助 強 化 元 素 と し て のTi,Al,Nb,V, W,Si,Beに つ い て 検 討 した, 2. Composition of materials tested. system. (C<0.02%) Table 1. Properties of ultra-low carbon Ni-Cr steel. Test Proceduce:10 `20k VIM 7 13 mm Heat treatment: thick kg Ingot plate 1000 Ž ~1hr AC (1) Smooth Specimen: ( Tensile Charpy test cround test c2 mm V Photo. 1. Transmission of 8 Ni-6 electron Cr tensile test specimen. (NASA type) bar, 8 mmƒó notch) (2) Notched tensile test specimen. (NASA type micrograph steel. マ トリクス と 同等 の特 性 を有 す る こ とが わ か る. Photo.1に 溶体 化 処 理 ま まの 薄 膜 の透 過 電 顕 組織 を示 59 Fig. 2. Tensile test 出強 specimen.

Fig. 4. Effect of Co on the strength and notch toughness of 8 Cr-6 Mo steel. Base composition:<0.02 C-8 Ni-5-6Cr-7 Co Heat treatment: 1000 Ž ~1hr AC-1500 Ž ~3hr AC Base composition:<0.02 C-8 Ni-5 `6 Cr-6 Mo Heat treatment: 1000 Ž ~1hr AC 4500 Ž ~3hr AC Fig. 3. Effect of Mo on the strength and notch toughness of 8 Cr-7 Co steel.

Base composition: <0.02 C-8 Ni-6 Cr-7 Co-4 Mo Heat treatment: 1000 Ž ~1hr AC-600 Ž ~3hr AC Base composition <0.02 C-8 Ni-4 `6 Cr Heat treatment: 1000 Ž ~1hr AC-4500 Ž ~3 hr AC Fig. 5. Strengthening effect of various hardening elements. *(Amount of addition over 4% for Mo) Fig. 6. Effect of hardening elements on the strength and notch toughness of 8 Cr steel. Heot treatment 1000 Ž ~ 1 hr AC 4.500 Ž ~3hr AC Fig. 7. The relation between strength and plane stress fracture toughness (Ku) for various systems of age-hardened 8 Ni-Cr steels.

Heat treatment 1000 Ž ~1hr AC-600 Ž ~3hr AC Base composition< 0.02C-6Mo-9Co Base composition< 0.02C-8Ni-6 Cr Fig. 8. The effect of Ni, Cr, Mo _and Coon mechanical properties at aged state. (after statistical analysis of experimental data) the Table 3. Optimum composition range. Table 4. Chemical composition. Table 5. Test procedures. Table 6. Heat treatment.

Table 7. Transformation temperatures. Initial deflection point of dilatation curves * Apparatus: Leitz dilatometer Heating 3.3 Ž/min rate: Fig. 9. An example of dilatation curve of 8 Ni-6 Cr maraging steel. Table 8. Properties of solution treated steels (4 mm thick plate). * Gauge length 50 mm ** 3 mm sub-size specimen

( 1) Tensile and impact properties. 4 mm thick plate Table 9. Properties of aged steels. * Gauge length 50 mm ** 3 mm sub-size 13 mm thick plate * Gauge length 28 mm (2) Fracture toughness (4 mm thick plate). * Fatigue cracked (3) Corrosion properties (4 mm thick plate).

極 低 炭 素 ニ ッケ ル ク ロ ム鋼 の 析 出 強 化 Photo. Photo. 2. 3. Microstructures of Transmission electron 18 Ni maraging 8 Ni-6 Cr maraging micrographs steel. 65 steel of 8 Ni-6 compared Cr 1093 with maraging 18 Ni steel maraging compared steel. witl.

Table 10. Properties of TIG weld of 8Ni-6Cr maraging steel. (1) Welding procedures (2) Mechanical properties * 3 mm Sub-size specimen. Base composition,<0.02c-6-5 Co-6Mo Fig. 10. Effect of Ni and Cr on the Ms temperatures of 6.5 Co-6 Mo steel.

1) R.F. DECKER, A.J. GOLDMAN, and J.T. EASH: Trans. ASM, 55 (1962), p.58 2) W. STEVEN: Iron Steel Inst. Spec. Rep., No 86 (1964), p.115 3) S. FLOREEN: Metal Mat. Met. Rev., 2 (1968), p.115 4) W.S. OWEN, E.A. WILSON, and T. BELL: High Strength Materials, ed. by V.F. Zackey, (1965), p.167 [John Willey and Sons, Inc.] 9) N. KENYON: Welding J., 47 (1968), p.1933 10) J.M. CHILTON and C.J. BARTON: Trans. ASM, 60 (1967), p.528

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