Copyright 2004, 2005, 2006 Gnu ( 1.2 ) Gnu Free Documentation License Gnu D

LATEX 2ε 1.13 2006 8 18 Love Love L A TEX for all beginners at ) entry level by,or Watanabe,e TEXbook has good examples, problems and jokes. Thór Watanabe Graduate School of System Information Science Future University-Hakodate thor at tex dot dante dot jp http://tex.dante.jp/typo/

Copyright 2004, 2005, 2006 Gnu ( 1.2 ) Gnu Free Documentation License Gnu D

i L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX TEX TEX/L A TEX (free) L A TEX 24 pt 1 40 1 36 L A TEX L A TEX *1 L A TEX *2 L A TEX *3 L A TEX L A TEX *1 HTML & CSS XML & XSL *2 LATEX LATEX *3

ii tips TEX L A TEX L A TEX 2ε *4 2006 4 dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfmx 3.20 dvipdfmx 3.22 dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfmx 3.22.2 dvipdfmx The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots. The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... *4 http://tex.dante.jp/typo/

iii *5 which perl $ platex input.tex $ jbibtex input.tex $ dvipdfmx -S -o output.pdf input.dvi $ Alt Ctrl + Alt + Delete Ctrl Alt Delete Ctrl + x Ctrl + s Ctrl + x Ctrl + s \ Windows Y= Windows Y= Unix OS \ L A TEX *5

iv L A TEX L A TEX Michel Goossens Sebastian Rahtz Frank Mittelbach Leslie Lamport 1 5,000 L A TEX 4 L A TEX 2ε [33] 3,000 L A TEX [34] 4,800 L A TEX [35] 5,400 L A TEX Web [36] 4,800 18,000 L A TEX Richard Stallman L A TEX B

v TEX Donald Knuth TEX L A TEX L A TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX 2ε Frank Mittelbach Johannes Braams David Carlisle Michael Downes Alan Jeffrey Sebastian Rahtz Chris Rowley Rainer Schöpf TEX Windows ptex dviout BIBTEX Oren Patashnik MakeIndex Pehong Chen Nelson Beebe Dvipdfm Mark Wicks Dvipdfmx PostScript PDF Adobe TEX TEX

GNU FDL!.... Gnu Free Documentation License *6 PDF *7 *8 L A TEX PDF hyperref PDF PDF Gnu *9 Gnu Free Documentation License Free Software Foundation Richard Stallman *6 FSF *7 http://tex.dante.jp/typo/ *8 LATEX 2ε *9 Gnu FSF: Free Software Foundation (gnu@gnu.org) (http://www.gnu. org/) FSF

vii i v 1 1 1.1......................... 1 1.2................................ 1 1.3 TEX............................. 3 1.4 WYSIWYG......................... 3 1.5........................... 4 1.6 L A TEX............................ 4 1.7 L A TEX............................. 5 2 L A TEX 7 2.1.............................. 7 2.1.1........................... 7 2.1.2.......................... 9 2.1.3...................... 11 2.1.4............... 12 2.1.5........................ 14 2.1.6....................... 17 2.1.7............................. 19 2.1.8.......................... 20 2.2 L A TEX...................... 21 2.3............................. 23

viii 2.3.1.................... 23 2.3.2.................... 24 2.4......................... 26 2.5............................ 27 2.5.1..................... 27 2.5.2 L A TEX DVI................... 29 2.5.3 DVI PDF Dvipdfmx................. 30 2.5.4 DVI PostScript dvips................ 38 2.5.5 TEX HTML TEX4ht................ 39 3 45 3.1............................ 45 3.2.................................. 46 3.3................................. 48 3.3.1.......................... 48 3.3.2.......................... 49 3.4.............................. 49 3.4.1...................... 51 3.4.2.................... 51 3.5.............................. 52 3.6............................. 53 3.6.1.......................... 54 3.6.2 indent.................... 54 3.6.3......................... 55 3.7............................... 56 3.7.1 L A TEX................... 56 3.7.2.......................... 56 3.8................................. 57 3.9.................................. 59 3.10.............................. 59 3.11....................... 60 3.11.1............................ 60 3.12......................... 60

ix 3.13............................. 61 3.14................................ 62 3.14.1 1 alltt................. 62 3.14.2 2 cmtt................. 63 3.15........................... 63 3.15.1..................... 65 3.15.2............................. 66 3.15.3........................ 67 3.15.4.............................. 68 3.16............................... 68 3.16.1........................ 68 3.16.2....................... 70 3.16.3................... 70 3.17................................. 71 3.18................................ 73 3.18.1 enumerate.......... 74 3.19............................. 75 3.20.............................. 76 3.20.1...................... 78 3.20.2........................... 79 3.20.3........................ 81 3.21.............................. 81 3.21.1 syntonly................... 82 3.22........................... 82 3.22.1......................... 83 3.22.2........................ 85 3.22.3.................. 86 4 89 4.1........................ 89 4.2............................. 89 4.2.1........................... 90 4.2.2............................. 91

x 4.2.3......................... 92 4.2.4.................... 95 4.2.5......................... 100 4.3...................... 100 4.3.1............................. 102 4.4........................... 103 4.5................................ 104 4.5.1....................... 105 4.5.2............................. 108 4.6............................ 109 4.6.1 showkeys................ 112 4.6.2 L A TEX................ 112 5 113 5.1................................ 113 5.2.............................. 113 5.2.1............................ 114 5.2.2.......................... 114 5.2.3............................ 114 5.2.4.......................... 115 5.2.5........................... 116 5.2.6...................... 117 5.3.............................. 117 5.4........................ 119 5.5......................... 121 5.5.1............................. 121 5.5.2............................ 122 5.5.3..................... 123 5.5.4........................ 124 5.5.5.............................. 126 5.6............................ 130 5.7.......................... 132 5.7.1.......................... 132

xi 5.7.2................ 134 5.7.3 latexsym.............. 136 5.8............................ 137 5.8.1................... 138 5.9........................... 139 5.9.1........................ 141 5.9.2....................... 141 5.9.3........................... 142 5.9.4........................ 143 5.9.5.................... 144 5.9.6.......................... 145 5.9.7................... 146 5.9.8.......................... 147 5.10................... 148 5.10.1.................... 148 5.10.2....................... 149 5.11 AMSL A TEX................... 150 5.11.1 AMSL A TEX................ 152 5.11.2 gather.......................... 154 5.11.3 split........................... 154 5.11.4 align, flalign, alignat................ 155 5.11.5 multline........................... 155 5.11.6.......................... 156 5.11.7........................ 158 5.11.8........................ 159 5.11.9...................... 160 5.11.10........................ 162 5.11.11........................... 164 5.11.12 AMSFonts.................... 165 5.12 txfonts/pxfonts....................... 165 6 171 6.1........................... 171

xii 6.2 L A TEX............................ 172 6.3................................... 173 6.3.1........................... 177 6.3.2 tabular................... 177 6.3.3 booktabs.............. 178 6.3.4 dcolumn.................... 179 6.3.5 multirow............... 180 6.3.6 longtable................. 181 6.3.7 tabularx................... 184 6.3.8....................... 185 6.4..................... 186 6.5........................ 187 6.5.1..................... 187 6.5.2.......................... 188 6.5.3................... 190 6.5.4.................. 192 6.5.5 Dvipdfmx EPS............. 193 6.5.6 PDF BoundingBox............. 194 6.5.7 dvips Dvipdfmx................... 196 6.5.8.............. 196 6.5.9................... 197 6.5.10..................... 197 6.6........................ 200 6.6.1...................... 200 6.6.2 labelfig............... 201 6.7.............................. 203 6.7.1.................... 203 6.7.2........................... 204 6.7.3 picture.................... 205 6.7.4 picture 1 epic.............. 208 6.7.5 picture 2 eepic............. 209 6.7.6 picture 3 pict2e............. 211 6.8....................... 211

xiii 6.8.1 Tpic........................ 212 6.8.2...................... 213 6.8.3 PSTricks............................ 215 6.8.4 Xy-pic............................. 217 6.8.5...................... 217 6.8.6.......................... 217 7 219 7.1............................ 219 7.2..................... 220 7.2.1.......................... 221 7.3................ 222 7.3.1 JBIBTEX....................... 222 7.3.2.................... 223 7.3.3...................... 224 7.3.4...................... 228 7.3.5.................... 230 7.3.6.......................... 232 7.3.7 cite.................... 234 7.3.8..................... 235 7.4.............................. 236 8 L A TEX 237 8.1..................... 237 8.1.1........................ 237 8.1.2 geometry............. 240 8.1.3 1................... 249 8.1.4 2 fancyhdr........... 250 8.1.5 /........................ 253 8.2............................ 253 8.3............................ 254 8.3.1.............................. 254 8.3.2 L A TEX.......................... 255

xiv 8.4...................... 255 8.5................ 257 8.6................................ 257 8.7................................. 259 8.7.1 3 multicol............... 260 8.8.................................. 263 8.9................................ 265 8.9.1........................... 265 8.9.2........................... 266 8.9.3........................... 267 8.9.4......................... 268 8.9.5.......................... 269 8.9.6........................... 269 8.9.7 2 fancybox................. 270 8.10.............................. 274 8.10.1........................ 274 8.10.2........................ 275 8.11............................... 276 8.11.1...................... 277 8.12.............................. 278 8.13..................... 279 8.14................................ 280 8.15.............................. 280 8.16 color........................... 281 8.16.1........................ 281 8.17 listings.................. 284 8.17.1........................... 286 8.17.2........................... 288 8.18 URL url.......................... 292 8.19 hyperref.................. 292 8.19.1...................... 293 8.20............................ 296 8.20.1 YaTEX................. 296

xv 8.20.2 Make................ 296 8.20.3 latexmk............................ 306 8.20.4 CVS.................... 306 8.21......................... 307 8.21.1 calc.................... 307 8.21.2 ifthen...................... 309 9 313 9.1...................... 313 9.2.......................... 318 9.2.1.............. 318 9.2.2............. 320 A 327 A.1 PDF TEX.............................. 327 A.2............................... 328 A.2.1.................... 332 A.3.......................... 333 A.4....................... 333 A.5.............................. 333 A.5.1 ptetex............................. 334 A.6............................. 336 A.6.1 Vine Linux........................... 336 B 339 B.1 L A TEX.................. 339 B.2 L A TEX............................. 342 B.2.1 1.......................... 342 B.2.2 2.......................... 343 B.2.3............................. 343 B.2.4......................... 344 B.2.5...................... 344 B.2.6 TEX....................... 344

xvi B.3............................. 345 B.3.1............................ 345 B.3.2............................ 345 B.3.3..................... 345 B.3.4........................... 346 B.4.............................. 346 B.4.1 CTAN Ring Server................ 346 B.4.2 L A TEX.............................. 347 B.4.3 L A TEX....................... 349 B.4.4........................ 350 B.5.............................. 351 C 353 D The Gnu Free Documentation License 355 D.1 Preamble............................... 355 D.2 Applicability and definitions..................... 355 D.3 Verbatim copying........................... 356 D.4 Copying in quantity......................... 356 D.5 Modifications............................. 357 D.6 Combining documents........................ 358 D.7 Collections of documents....................... 359 D.8 Aggregation with independent works................ 359 D.9 Translation.............................. 359 D.10 Termination.............................. 359 D.11 Future revisions of this license.................... 359 361 372

xvii 2.1.............................. 7 2.2 TEX4ht........................ 40 3.1........................ 77 6.1 longtable.................... 183 6.2 tabularx..................... 185 6.3 1..................... 200 6.4 labelfig........................... 203 6.5................. 205 6.6 Tpic............................ 212 6.7 METAPOST........................ 215 8.1.................. 238 8.2 multicol.................... 264 A.1.......................... 329 B.1 Ring Server......................... 348 2.1 Windows OS.................... 12 2.2 Unix OS..................... 13 2.3 Dvipdfmx.............. 33 3.1........................... 46 3.2 L A TEX....................... 48 3.3............................. 49 3.4 L A TEX.................... 56 3.5 SI............................ 57

xviii 3.6 10 n............................. 57 3.7............................... 61 3.8............................ 61 3.9............................. 67 3.10.......................... 72 3.11......................... 78 3.12........... 79 3.13....................... 80 3.14......................... 81 4.1....................... 99 4.2................. 106 4.3..................... 109 5.1................... 118 5.2 amssymb................... 118 5.3....................... 120 5.4......................... 121 5.5............................ 122 5.6........................ 123 5.7........................... 125 5.8...................... 125 5.9 array..................... 127 5.10 array.................... 128 5.11........................ 130 5.12............................ 132 5.13...................... 133 5.14............................ 133 5.15................................ 134 5.16.............................. 134 5.17.............................. 134 5.18........................... 135 5.19........................... 135

xix 5.20................................. 135 5.21........................... 136 5.22.................................. 136 5.23........................ 137 5.24 amsmath.......... 160 5.25 amsmath................... 160 5.26 amsmath................... 161 5.27 amsmath................ 161 5.28 amsxtra.............. 161 5.29 amsmath................... 162 5.30 AMSFonts...................... 165 5.31 AMSFonts...................... 166 5.32 AMSFonts.................... 167 5.33 AMSFonts....................... 167 5.34 AMSFonts..................... 167 5.35 AMSFonts.............. 168 5.36 AMSFonts...................... 168 5.37 AMSFonts................... 168 5.38.......................... 168 5.39 txfonts/pxfonts.............. 168 5.40 txfonts/pxfonts............... 169 5.41 txfonts/pxfonts.............. 169 5.42 txfonts/pxfonts.............. 169 5.43 txfonts/pxfonts.................... 169 5.44 txfonts/pxfonts.............. 170 6.1............................ 172 6.2.......................... 173 6.3 tabular.................... 174 6.4 tabular................... 175 6.5.............................. 176 6.6.............. 187

xx 7.1.............................. 229 7.2............................. 230 7.3................. 231 7.4 cite................... 235 8.1......................... 250 8.2....................... 251 8.3 textcomp....................... 258 8.4....................... 259 8.5 L A TEX............................ 272 8.6..................... 274 8.7................... 275 8.8........................... 276 8.9 L A TEX...................... 277 8.10.............................. 278 8.11 listings.................... 287 A.1.................... 328

1 1 L A TEX L A TEX 1.1 1 1 1.2 L A TEX

2 1 The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots.\par When I was a young---a foolish boy---the pen was too long! So I used to break it. The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... When I was a young a foolish boy the pen was too long! So I used to break it. em-dash \, Stop! the man said. \par Prof.~Albert Einstein (1897--1955) was born in German (see fig.~3). His famous equation $ E = mc^2 $ is written in the theory. Stop! the man said. Prof. Albert Einstein (1897 1955) was born in German (see fig. 3). His famous equation E = mc 2 is written in the theory. 1897 1955 en-dash 3 (see fig. 3) fig. 3 ~ = $$ agenda \leftarrow office $$ $$ \mathit{agenda} \leftarrow \mathit{office}$$ agenda office agenda office agenda office \mathit a, g, e, n, d, a o, f, f, i, c, e

1.3 TEX 3 L A TEX L A TEX OpenOffice.org Writer Microsoft Office Word L A TEX I (I ) L A TEX 1 1.3 TEX TEX [53] Donald Knuth TEX TEX 1.4 WYSIWYG WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get TEX WYSIWYG

4 1 1.5 TEX 1.6 L A TEX TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX L A TEX HTML <CENTER> </CENTER> <CENTER> </CENTER> \begin{center} \end{center} HTML L A TEX HTML TEX L A TEX TEX

1.7 LATEX 5 TEX/L A TEX TEX L A TEX ptex pl A TEX L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX 3 1 1.7 L A TEX L A TEX TEX *1 Windows *2 TEX 3 TEX TEX, dviout, Ghostscript, GSView, jsclasses L A TEX *3 Mac OS X MacOS X WorkShop *4 *5 MacWiki *6 Vine Linux apt-get install task-tetex TEX Fedora Core ptetex3 Fedora Core 5 RPM *7 *1 TEX texmf TEX *2 http://www.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~abenori/ *3 http://www.klavis.info/texinstnew.html *4 http://www.bach-phys.ritsumei.ac.jp/osxws/ *5 X11 GUI Synaptic *6 http://macwiki.sourceforge.jp/ *7 http://tutimura.ath.cx/~nob/tex/ptetex/ptetex3/rpm/

6 1 L A TEX TEX Wiki *8 L A TEX *9 Emacs TEX TEX 2.4 *8 http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/ *9 TEX

7 2 LATEX L A TEX 2.1 L A TEX L A TEX 2.1.1 L A TEX L A TEX 2.1 1 2 3 2.1 L A TEX DVI L A TEX PDF pdfl A TEX 2006 4 pdfl A TEX

8 2 LATEX 1. L A TEX Emacs TEX/L A TEX Unix OS Emacs $ emacs filename.tex & Emacs 8.20 2.1 1 2. latex latex platex $ platex filename.tex 2.1 2 3. filename.tex filename.dvi L A TEX Unix OS $ xdvi filename.dvi & & dviout Windows 2.1 3

2.1 9 2.1.2 L A TEX 2 L A TEX L A TEX Emacs test.tex *1 Windows \ Y= \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} \LaTeX!! \end{document} Unix OS Emacs Emacs Emacs [ ]J.: Emacs: test.tex (LaTeX) [L1 All [ ] CTRL Y= [ ] [ ] *2 [ ] / Windows Unix OS *3 L A TEX Windows [ ] [] *1 *2 Shift + Space *3 Unix OS / /

10 2 LATEX command OK Windows $ platex test.tex This is ptex, Version 3.14159-p3.1.5 (euc) (Web2C 7.4.5) (./test.tex platex2e <2005/01/04>+0 (based on LaTeX2e <2001/06/01> patch level 0) (/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/base/jarticle.cls Document Class: jarticle 2002/04/09 v1.4 Standard platex class (/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/base/jsize10.clo)) No file test.aux. [1] (./test.aux) ) Output written on test.dvi (1 page, 236 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. *4 test.dvi test.log test.tex test.log TEX/L A TEX file.log (./test.tex (./test.tex (/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/base/jarticle.cls (/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/base/jsize10.clo) ) (./test.aux) ) test.tex jarticle.cls test.aux jarticle.cls jsize10.clo *4 TEX Donald Knuth 3.14159... π

2.1 11 [1] [ L A TEX 2 ls Windows dir $ ls test.* test.aux test.dvi test.log test.tex L A TEX test.tex file.aux file.dvi file.tex DVI file.log file.tex file.tex L A TEX 2.1.3 10 L A TEX # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ 3 < >

12 2 LATEX 13 \# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} # $ % & _ { } \textasciitilde \textasciicircum \textbackslash \textbar \textless \textgreater ~ ^ \ < > 2.1 2.1.4 Windows 2.1 2.1 Windows OS mkdir /? [ ] [ ] mkdir cd Windows dir move copy del help 2.4 L A TEX Unix OS 1

2.1 13 2.2 $ mkdir --help less 2 less 2.2 Unix OS $ man mkdir $ info mkdir info less info mkdir cd ls mv cp rm help man Unix OS B Unix OS $ emacs file.tex & $ platex file.tex $ xdvi file.dvi & Unix OS - -- 2.2 Windows mv move ls dir / Y=

14 2 LATEX $ echo message1 >> file.txt $ echo message2 >> file.txt $ mkdir anydir $ cd anydir $ mv../file.txt./ $ ls $ more file.txt $ ls../ anydir file.txt anydir file.txt 2.1.5 L A TEX L A TEX? 2.3 errortest.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! \end{document} error.tex platex error! Misplaced alignment tab character &. 1.3 Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%?? 3 & Enter

2.1 15! You can t use macro parameter character # in math mode. l.4 Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? 2 # 1 Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}? $ 3 6 1 Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! 3 & $ 4 # \! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.4 Under_ bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#?? $ 4 _ $ Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}?

16 2 LATEX Overfull \hbox (152.35132pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--6 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Hello & Good-bye! Give me $100! Give me 100Under$[]\OML/cmm/m/it/10 arisstranger:issharpsing \OT1/cmr/m/n/10 #?\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Noits[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 # \OML/cmm/m/it/10 :Hello\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 &\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Goodbye\OT1/cmr/m/n/10!!$ Overfull \hbox DVI error.dvi <inserted text> $ L A TEX $ b r Give me 100Under b %! Under errortest.tex Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100\%! Under\_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! L A TEX?? Type <return> to proceed, S to scroll future error messages, R to run without stopping, Q to run quietly, I to insert something, E to edit your file, 1 or... or 9 to ignore the next 1 to 9 tokens of input, H for help, X to quit.?? Enter S R L A TEX Enter

2.1 17 Q Q I H X 2 X Enter * Enter * (Please type a command or say \end ) \end{document} *5 2.1.6 OS Windows dviout Unix OS xdvi Red Hat Fedora Core pxdvi file.dvi Windows dviout Unix OS xdvi file.dvi xdvi $ xdvi file.dvi & Unix OS & DVI dviout *5

18 2 LATEX xdvi xdvi Quit Abort Quit Reread First Prev Next Last View PS File xdvi file.dvi PostScript DVI Quit DVI DVI PostScript Windows dvipsk $ dvips -o test.ps test.dvi test.dvi test.ps test.ps $ ps2pdf test.ps test.pdf PDF test.pdf Postscript test.ps $ lpr -P test.ps.tex $ platex test L A TEX test.tex

2.1 19 L A TEX L A TEX Kpathsearch test.tex platex test Kpathsearch texmf.cnf $texmf/web2c/ $texmf L A TEX Unix OS /usr/local/share/texmf/ Windows C:Y=usrY=localY=shareY=texmfY= $ kpsewhich texmf.cnf texmf.cnf 2 L A TEX Kpathsearch kpsewhich less kpsewhich book.cls book.cls $texmf less Kpathsearch jarticle.cls kpsewhich jarticle.cls -progname kpsewhich -progname=platex jarticle.cls pl A TEX jarticle.cls 2.1.7 L A TEX () \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] ( ) \begin{document} ( ) \end{document} \documentclass document

20 2 LATEX document L A TEX *6 Windows \alpha \maketitle \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{center} \end{center} { } \section{ } [ ] \documentclass[ ]{ } 2.1.8 L A TEX *6

2.2 LATEX 21 file.tex input.foo output.bar 2 2.2 L A TEX L A TEX..dtx 1.cls 2.cls,... n.cls.dtx.sty.ins classes.dtx.sty.cls

22 2 LATEX.clo.fd.tex.bib.bst.eps.ist L A TEX BIBTEX Adobe PostScript L A TEX.log L A TEX.aux 1.dvi L A TEX.toc.lof.lot.bbl BIBTEX thebibliography.blg BIBTEX.idx MakeIndex mendex.ind makeindex theindex.ilg makeindex

2.3 23.jpg.bmp Windows.png Dvipdfm.bb L A TEX ebb CreateBB.mp METAPOST 2 2.3 L A TEX 2.3.1 L A TEX \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] ( ) \begin{document} ( ) \end{document} \documentclass filecontents \begin{filecontents}{ } \end{filecontents} filecontents EPS EPS * \begin{filecontents*}{< >} %!PS-Adobe-2.0...

24 2 LATEX \end{filecontents*} 2.3.2 filecontents \documentclass \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] 3.22.1 YYYY/MM/DD 2003 12 31 jarticle \documentclass[11pt,a4j]{jarticle}[2003/12/31] 2003 12 31 L A TEX warning LaTeX Warning: You have requested, on input line 1, version 2003/12/31 of document class jarticle, but only version 2002/04/09 v1.4 Standard platex class is available. 3.22.3 \usepackage \usepackage[,... ]{ }[ ] \usepackage \documentclass L A TEX

2.3 25 Dvipdfmx graphicx \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}[2001/01/01] 2 2 3 1 \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twocolumn]{article} 10pt a4paper twocolumn, graphicx amsmath makeidx \usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,makeidx} \documentclass[a4j]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvipdfmx,usenames]{color} \begin{document} \end{document} \documentclass[dvipdfmx,a4j]{jarticle} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[usenames]{color} \usepackage L A TEX \listfiles

26 2 LATEX \listfiles file.log 2.4 listfile.tex \documentclass{jbook} \listfiles \begin{document} test \end{document} jbook pldefs.ltx kinsoku.tex jsize10.clo 2.4 TEX TEX (obsolete) Unix OS TEX Unix OS Vine Linux TEX *7 Emacs L A TEX YaTEX Emacs *8 L A TEX Tgif Unix OS Gnuplot Unix OS *7 http://www.vinelinux.org/ *8 http://www.yatex.org/

2.5 27 Make Makefile L A TEX 2 EasyTEX Windows *9 L A TEX EasyTEX * 10 TEX Wiki * 11 TEXShop Mac OS X Richard Koch * 12 PDF EasyTEX TEXShop 2.5 L A TEX 2.5.1 L A TEX *9 http://www.juen.ac.jp/math/nakagawa/nakagawa.html *10 http://www.klavis.info/etexinst.html *11 http://cise.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/?easytex *12 http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/

28 2 LATEX DVI DVI Device Independent DVI DVI DVI file.dvi.dvi PostScript Adobe 1.3 Unix OS PostScript PostScript PS.ps file.ps.gz PostScript PostScript EPS Encapsulated PostScript PDF PDF Portable Document Format Adobe Post- Script 2006 4 1.6 1.3 PDF 2006 4 L A TEX PDF pdfl A TEX HTML HTML HyperText Markup Language Hyper Link HTML HTML XHTML L A TEX PDF PDF

2.5 29 2.5.2 L A TEX DVI DVI DeVice Independent L A TEX DVI platex L A TEX L A TEX filename.tex DVI filename.dvi 2 $ platex filename.tex pl A TEX * 13 L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 platex209 $ platex209 oldfile.tex L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX file.tex \documentclass L A TEX 2ε \documentstyle L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2.09 \usepackage \documentstyle \documentstyle[url,mysetting,...]{jarticle} DVI DVI Windows dviout Unix OS xdvi Red Hat Fedora Core pxdvi Mac OS X Mxdvi DVI *13 NTT JLATEX

30 2 LATEX 2.5.3 DVI PDF Dvipdfmx Adobe PDF PDF Portable Document Format PDF PDF Adobe Reader Windows Foxit Software Company Foxit Reader Mac OS X Unix OS Xpdf Mark Wicks Dvipdfm [86] DVI PDF Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx Project Team Dvipdfmx Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx PDF HyperTEX Tpic JPEG PNG EPS EPDF, BMP (BMP 2005 8 ) PDF Dvipdfmx Dvipdfm -c -f -m -p -o file.dvi file.pdf -p. a4 letter, a6, a5, a4, a3, b5, b5, b4, b3, b5var

2.5 31 \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:papersize width 210mm height 270mm}} jsclasses papersize \documentclass[papersize]{jsarticle} 2 -l landscape -s -s 3-5,10-20 3 5 10 20 PDF -s 15-15 -s -,- -r PDF 600 dpi -V PDF 2 5 -x 1.0in mm cm in pt -y 1.0in -x -z 0 9 9 9 0 -v 2 $ dvipdfmx -v file.dvi 2>file.xlg -vv DVI 15 20 PDF $ dvipdfmx -c -s 15-20 -o output.pdf input.dvi

32 2 LATEX.dvi $ dvipdfmx input PDF Adobe Reader Acrobat Reader Dvipdfmx DVI Unable to open output.pdf 1 PDF Dvipdfmx * 14 ChineseJapaneseKorean 16 Unicode CID PDF PDF Dvipdfm Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx * 15 Dvipdfmx -S PDF -K PDF 40 128 40 -P PDF -p, a4 20cm,20cm Dvipdfmx -P PDF 2.3 0x04 0x20 2.3 16 10 16 0x04 0x08 10 12 16 0x0C dvipdfmx -S -P 0x0C input.dvi dvipdfmx -S -P 0x28 input.dvi dvipdfmx -S -P 0x3C input.dvi *14 http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ *15 -e

2.5 33 2.3 Dvipdfmx 0x04 0x08 0x10 0x20 2 0x28 0x3C PDF * 16 pl A TEX DVI Dvipdfmx PDF Dvipdfmx EPS PostScript L A TEX Ghostscript PDF Ghostscript Dvipdfmx $texmf/fonts/map/dvipdfm/base/ $texmf/dvipdfm/config/ cid-x.map cid-x.map Map Map $ kpsewhich -progname=platex -expand-path= $CMAPINPUTS cid-x.map rml gbm *16 dvips PostScript ps2pdf PDF

34 2 LATEX * 17 rml H Ryumin-Light gbm H GothicBBB-Medium rmlv V Ryumin-Light gbmv V GothicBBB-Medium rml H, Ryumin-Light * 18 rml/rmlv gbm/gbmv H/V rmlv gbmv H V Ryumin-Light Dvipdfmx Ryumin-Light * 19 PDF GothicBBB-Medium GothicBBB-Medium GRASS (i18n) * 20 (IPA ) * 21 rml H ipam.ttf rmlv V ipam.ttf *17 Dvipdfmx *18 *19 Ryumin-Light L L-KL GothicBBB-Medium M BBB ptex *20 http://www.grass-japan.org/foss4g/readme-grass-i18n-ipafonts.eucjp.htm *21 IPA 2006 4 Unix OS TrueType PDF IPA

2.5 35 gbm H ipag.ttf gbmv V ipag.ttf ipa.map Map * 22 dvipdfmx -f ipa.map file.dvi IPA PDF 2 PDF PDF Xpdf * 23 PDF pdftops pdfimages pdftotext pdfinfo pdffonts PDF PostScript PDF $ pdfiamges filename.pdf dir/ dir ppm pbm PDF ASCII PDF PDF file.pdf PDF pdffonts file.pdf name type emb sub uni object ID ----------------------------------- ------------ --- --- --- --------- Times-Roman Type 1 no no no 7 0 GothicBBB-Medium-Identity-H CID Type 0 no no no 9 0 *22 mktexlsr *23 http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/

36 2 LATEX name type emb sub uni Helvetica Type 1 no no no 10 0 Ryumin-Light-Identity-H CID Type 0 no no no 12 0 Times-Italic Type 1 no no no 13 0 FRZWWS+txsy Type 1C yes yes yes 14 0 EPSMLX+t1xtt Type 1C yes yes yes 15 0 Times-Bold Type 1 no no no 16 0 LEPUME+rtxmi Type 1C yes yes yes 23 0 CACNFM+rtxsc Type 1C yes yes yes 32 0 Helvetica-Oblique Type 1 no no no 65 0 UQXVYG+rtxr Type 1C yes yes yes 66 0 object ID PDF FRZWWS+txsy + Type1, CID Type0, TrueType, Type1 Collection Type3 yes no PDF PDF ID PDF pdfinfo $ pdfinfo file.pdf Title: How to Write Your Own Thesis Tutorial with LaTeX2e Subject: For University Students and Researchers Keywords: TeX, LaTeX, LaTeX2e, ptex, platex, platex2e, FUNNIST Author: FUNNIST Creator: platex2e with hyperref packages Producer: dvipdfmx (20040914(cvs)) CreationDate: Wed Oct 13 14:02:46 2004 Tagged: no Pages: 176 Encrypted: no

2.5 37 Page size: 515.91 x 728.5 pts File size: 1733518 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 2 Title Subject Keywords Author PDF Creator Producer PDF CreationDate PDF Tagged Pages Encrypted 2.5.3 Page size [pt] File size [byte] Optimized PDF version PDF Xpdf PDF PostScript pdftops pdftops file.pdf file.ps PDF pdftotext pdftotext file.pdf file.txt * 24 Xpdf Sid Steward PDFtk * 25 Windows GUI PDFtk GUI for PDFTK * 26 PDFtk [28] Hans Hagen ConTEXt texexec *24 *25 http://www.accesspdf.com/pdftk/ *26 http://www.clubic.com/telecharger-fiche13148-gui-for-pdftk.html

38 2 LATEX PDF 2.5.4 DVI PostScript dvips Adobe PostScript PostScript PostScript L A TEX PostScript PostScript Ghostscript Tomas Rokicki Karl Berry Kpathsearch dvips DVI PostScript dvips Windows dvipsk Unix OS dvips Red Hat pdvips $ dvips file.dvi -o $ dvips -o file.ps file.dvi.dvi dvips -D dpi -o -t a0 a8 b0 b8 -T, 21cm,27cm \AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=210mm,270mm}} -A -B

2.5 39 -p L A TEX -l L A TEX -pp L A TEX 11,21-35 -r -P config.ps Windows config.dl $ dvips -P dl -o filename.ps filename.dvi 2 DVI EPS $ dvipsk -E -Pdl -pp14 -o outp14.eps input EPS outp14.eps EPS 2.5 L A TEX file.dvi dvips file.ps PostScript Angus Duggan psutils psutils 2.5.5 TEX HTML TEX4ht L A TEX HTML WWW HTML Unix OS L A TEX2HTML TtH Eitan Gurari TEX4ht L A TEX2HTML TEX4ht HTML NTT TEX JTEX ImageMagick TEX4ht ImageMagick Windows

40 2 LATEX Unix OS tex4ht \usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis,png]{tex4ht} ht jlatex file file.html PNG * 27 ht cleanup HTML output-name= output-dir= 2.6 ht $ jlatex file.tex $ jlatex file.tex $ jlatex file.tex $ tex4ht file.tex file.dvi file.html $ t4ht file.tex file.css ht 2.2 TEX tex4ht t4ht file.tex file.dvi file.idv file.lg file.png file.css file.htm 2.2 TEX4ht tex4ht $ htlatex filename "html,charset=shift_jis,png" *27 ImageMagick

2.5 41 j-article j-report j-book $texmf/tex/generic/tex4ht/ 2 $ cp article.cls j-article.cls $ cp report.cls j-report.cls $ cp book.cls j-book.cls j-classes \documentclass[11pt]{j-report} tex4ht html tex4ht HTML html XHTML xhtml charset= fonts+ fn-in png Shift_JIS GIF gif GIF GIF PNG PNG PNG JPEG jpg imgdir: / pic-m HTML tex4ht pic-m+ equation pic-equation pic-eqnarray pic-matrix pic-array pic-align

42 2 LATEX pic-eqnarray section+ next htm eqnarray eqnarray 1 4 HTML L A TEX DVI PDF HTML HTML 8.htm OS HTML ISO9660 CD-R \usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis,fonts+,fn-in,png,imgdir:images/, pic-m,pic-eqnarray,info]{tex4ht} tex4ht tex4ht \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color} \usepackage{url} hyperref \usepackage{ } \usepackage[ ]{tex4ht} \usepackage[tex4ht]{hyperref} \S \P \pounds \OE \ae \AE \aa \AA \ss \l \L \o \O \i \j?! \textvisiblespace \textless \textgreater iso-8859-1 uhtlatex Unicode

2.5 43 Unicode tex4ht <P> \Picture 2 \Picture[ ]{ } \Picture+ \EndPicture \Picture+{ }{ }\EndPicture hoge.jpg HTML \Picture[hoge ]{hoge.jpg} tabular \usepackage[html,png]{tex4ht} \Picture+[ ]{mytable.png} \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \LaTeX\,2.09& \LaTeXe& \LaTex3\\ \end{tabular} \EndPicture HTML \HCode HTML \HCode{<HR><BR><BR><BR><BR>} hoge document hoge \ConfigureEnv{hoge} {\IgnorePar\EndP\Tg<div class="pic-hoge">\picture*{}} {\EndPicture\Tg</div>}{}{} \Css{div.pic-hoge { }} %\ConfigureEnv{hoge*}% % {\IgnorePar\EndP\Tg<div class="pic-hoge-star">\picture*{}} % {\EndPicture\Tg</div>}{}{} %\Css{div.pic-hoge-star { }}

44 2 LATEX picture L A TEX ht htlatex tex4html PATH #!/bin/sh jlatex $1 jbibtex $1 jlatex $1 jtex "\def\filename{{$1}{idx}{4dx}{ind}} \input idxmake.4ht" jmakeindex -o $1.ind $1.4dx jlatex $1 jlatex $1 tex4ht $1 t4ht $1 $2 tex4html test HTML Windows $1 %1 test.idx tex4ht NTT JTEX mendex jmakeindex $ jtex "\def\filename{{file}{idx}{4dx}{ind}} \input idxmake.4ht" $ jmakeindex -o file.ind file.4dx mendex tex4html t4ht $ tex4html test "-p" \Link hyperref url \usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis]{tex4ht} \usepackage[tex4th]{hyperref} \href{http://www.google.co.jp}{google} Google \begin{quote} \url{http://www.google.co.jp} \end{quote}

45 3 L A TEX L A TEX 3.1 (document) (title) (\author) (\date) (\title) (contents) (headline) (paragraph) (indentation) 1 (punctuation) (note)

46 3 (word) (character) (sentence) (paragraph) (section) (chapter) (part) (letter) 3.1 letter word sentence paragraph section chapter part L A TEX L A TEX 3.2 (title) (author) (date) \title{ } \author{ } \date{ } L A TEX \begin{document} \maketitle \documentclass{jarticle} \title{ \LaTeX} \author{ } \date{2004 3 30 } \begin{document} \maketitle {\LaTeX} \end{document}

3.2 47 L A TEX 3 2004 3 30 L A TEX... 3.1 \and \thanks \author{ \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ }\and \thanks{ }} 3.2 \author{ \\ \\ name@server.ac.jp} 3.1 \thanks \and \author{ \thanks{ name@server.ac.jp}} 3.3 \author{ \\ \\ \and \\ \\ \and \\ \\ } \and \\ 3.4

48 3 \begin{center} {\LARGE \textbf{ \LaTeX }}\\[2em] {\large }\\[1em] {2004 3 30 }\\[1em] \end{center} \maketitle 3.3 (sectioning) (contents) (nested sections) (abstract) 3.3.1 L A TEX 3.2 3.2 L A TEX \part[ ]{ } \chapter[ ]{ } \section[ ]{ } \subsection[ ]{ } \subsubsection[ ]{ } \paragraph[ ]{ } \subparagraph[ ]{ } article jarticle \section (serial number)

3.4 49 [ ] L A TEX \chapter{ } \section{ } \chapter{ } \section{ } 3.3.2 \subsection{} 1 1.1 2 2.1 2.1.1 3 3.3 \part -1 0 \chapter 0 \section 1 \subsection 2 \subsubsection 3 \paragraph 4 \subparagraph 4 (j)article L A TEX (part) (chapter) (section) (subsection) (subsubsection) (paragraph) (subparagraph) (j)article 3.4 L A TEX

50 3 \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables [Contents] [List of Figures] [List of Tables] 2 mokuji.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} \tableofcontents% \section{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \end{document} mokuji.tex mokuji.dvi No file mokuji.aux. No file mokuji.toc. [1] (./mokuji.aux) ) No File mokuji.aux mokuji.toc mokuji.aux \relax \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{1.1} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{2.1} }{1}} mokuji.toc mokuji.toc mokuji.aux

3.4 51 \contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} }{1} \contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{1.1} }{1} \contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} }{1} \contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{2.1} }{1} 1 mokuji.tex (d:/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/base/jarticle.cls Document Class: jarticle 2004/02/25 ) (./mokuji.aux) (./mokuji.toc) [1] (./mokuji.aux) ) 3 mokuji.aux mokuji.toc mokuji.dvi 1 1 1.1........................................................... 1 1 1 1.1........................................................... 1 3.4.1 tocdepth 3.3 jsbook \chapter \secounter{tocdepth}{0} (j)book (j)report 2 (j)article 3 jsbook 1 3.4.2 secnumdepth secnumdepth 3.3 \subsection

52 3 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} 3.5 (abstract) (j)article abstract abstract \maketitle \maketitle \maketitle \begin{abstract} \end{abstract} (j)report \chapter* \chapter * \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } jsbook abstract (j)book \frontmatter \chapter \begin{document} \frontmatter% \chapter{ } \mainmatter% \chapter{ }

3.6 53 3.6 (indentation) L A TEX 1 3 *1 \par \par \par \par L A TEX L A TEX \parindent \parindent = 3zw 3 *1 1947 5 3 1 3

54 3 3.6.1 \indent \noindent \indent \noindent jreport indentfirst \usepackage{indentfirst} \noindent \indent \par \noindent 3.5 L A TEX \parskip \parindent = 0pt % \parskip = 10pt plus 0pt minus 0pt 3.6.2 indent quote quotation indent *2 indentation \begin{indentation}{ }{ } \end{indentation} *2 CTAN: macros/latex209/contrib/misc/indent.sty

3.6 55 indentation \begin{indentation}{3zw}{3zw} 3 3 \end{indentation} \begin{indentation}{0zw}{5zw} \end{indentation} 3 3 3 3.6.3 Geoffrey Tobin setspace *3 \singlespacing \onehalfspacing 1.5 \doublespacing 2 \begin{spacing}{ } \end{spacing} spacing \usepackage{setspace} \singlespacing \par \par \doublespacing \par 2 \par \begin{spacing}{.8} \par 0.8 \par \end{spacing} 2 0.8 *3 doublespace \baselinestretch

第 3 章 文章 書 方 56 長 3.7 H 3.7.1 先 単位 単位 取 決 LATEX 何 変数 記述 数値 代入 使用 長 時 単位 pt 単位 表 3.4 色々 使 LATEX 変 奥村晴彦氏 \parindent=0pt 絶対的 長 若干 違 10pt 以外 jsclasses 表 3.4 LATEX 使用 読 in cm mm pt em ex zw 1 in = 25.4 mm = 72.27 pt 1 cm = 10 mm = 28.3 pt 1 mm = 2.83 pt 1 pt = 0.35 mm M 字 幅 同 使用中 依存 x 字 高 同 使用中 依存 日本語 一文字 幅 使用中 依存 補足 数値 概算 場合 紙面 拡大縮小 使 付 H 3.7.2 長 指定 表 3.6 数値 単位 間 従 各単位 truecm 体 記号 修飾子 複数表記 正 3\,g 1024 修飾子 10 24 掲載 *4 修飾子 使用 半角程度 空白 挿入 3\,mkg 3 他 cm 単位 使 方 単位 接頭語 *4 実際 長 単位 例 単位 基本的 国際単位 SI 3\,mkg ( ) 指定 主 単位 単位 true 体 表記 数値 単位 間 半角程度 空白 挿入 3 mkg 3 子 複数表記 正 3g (Y Z P T G M k m µ n p f a z y) 修飾 3 mkg ( ) 頻繁 用

3.8 57 3.5 SI length l m meter mass m kg kilogram time t s second amount of substance n mol mole electric current I A ampere thermodynamic T K kelvin temperature luminous intensity I cd candela 3 3.6 10 n 10 n 10 12 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 T G M k m µ n p * tera giga mega kilo milli micro nano pico * (µ) textcomp \textmu 3.8 (punctuation) The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it\ldots.\par Prof.~Albert Einstein (1897--1955) was born in German (see fig.~3). The length of a pen should be comrotable to write with: too long and it makes him tired; too short and it.... Prof. Albert Einstein (1897 1955) was born in German (see fig. 3).

58 3 I wish I could. I wish I could 10\,m 10 m,.

3.9 59 1 3 3.9 (note) L A TEX 2 \footnote \marginpar \footnote \footnote{ } L A TEX \footnote *5 \footnote {Fourier Translation} \ldots a... a Fourier Translation 3.10 (underline) (emphasis) L A TEX \emph \emph{english Emphasize} \emph{} English Emphasize \em 4.2.2 *5

60 3 L A TEX \emph \textit \em \/ \emph{future University-Hakodate} is interesting.\par {\em FUN\/} is funky?\par {\em FUN} is not funky? Future University-Hakodate is interesting. FUN is funky? FUN is not funky? 3.11 L A TEX \ \ { } $ & # ^ _ ~ % < > 13 2.1.3 3.11.1 3.7 * fontenc T1 3.8 i j 3.7 \i \j J\"org {mu\ss} ein Gel\"ande f\"ur seine Fabrik erwerben. Jörg muß ein Gelände für seine Fabrik erwerben. 3.12 L A TEX (white space)

3.13 61 3.7 å \aa ø \o \dag Ð \DJ «\guillemotleft Å \AA Ø \O \ddag ŋ \ng» \guillemotright æ \ae ı \i \pounds Ŋ \NG \guilsinglleft Æ \AE j \j! þ \th \guilsinglright œ \oe ß \ss? Þ \TH \quotedblbase Œ \OE ß \SS ð \dh \quotesinglbase ł \l \S Ð \DH " \textquotedbl Ł \L \P đ \dj 3 3.8 ü \"u ā \={a} à \ {a} ạ \d{a} ǎ \v{a} o \r{o} é \ {e} a \H{a} ā \b{a} ǫ \k{o} ñ \~{n} ȧ \.{a} ô \^{o} ç \c{c} ĭ \u{ı} oo \t{oo}.. 3.13 % % comment Victor Eijkhout comment \usepackage{comment} % \begin{comment} \end{comment}

62 3 3.14 (verbatim) \verb \verb+ + verbatim \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \verb #include<stdio.h>... \begin{verbatim} int main( void ){ int foo = 0x7E; printf("%c\n", foo); } \end{verbatim} #include<stdio.h>... int main( void ){ int foo = 0x7E; printf("%c\n", foo); } \verb verbatim \verb * \verb 2323 ^_^;, \verb9 () 9. \verb* 1 3 5, \verb*9ok? ok?9. \begin{verbatim*} int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); } \end{verbatim*} 2323 ^_^;, (). 1 3 5, ok? ok?. int main( void ){ printf("hello, World!\n"); } 3.14.1 1 alltt Johannes Braams alltt \ { }

3.15 63 alltt \usepackage{alltt} \begin{alltt} {\em This is emphasized}. Dollar $x$ is not allowed, but {\LaTeX s} math environment \(\int f(x)dx\) is OK!! \end{alltt} This is emphasized. Dollar $x$ is not allowed, but L A TEX s math environment R f(x)dx is OK!! 3 3.14.2 2 cmtt \texttt \ttfamily \verb Mark Wooding cmtt \textmtt{ } \mttfamily \mtt{ } \mtt L A TEX \ \\ { \{ } \} _ \_ ^ \^ $ \$ % \% & \& # \# ~ \~ " \" \ \ \begin{minipage}{.9\linewidth} \texttt{\{foo\} \& bar}\par \textmtt{\{foo\} \& bar }% \footnote{\mtt{\\ttfamily\{any\}}} \end{minipage} {foo} & bar {foo} & bar a a \ttfamily{any} 3.15

64 3 quote quotation 2 Shift @ Shift 7 L A TEX Shift + 2 " Word L A TEX 1 quote quotation quote quotation \begin{quote} quote \end{quote} \begin{quotation} quotation \end{quotation} " " " " quote \begin{quote} quotation \end{quote} quote quotation

3.15 65 FUN: Future University-Hakodate FUNNIST FUNNIST FUN FUN: Future University-Hakodate FUNNIST FUNNIST FUN 3 L A TEX \newcommand{\qu}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\qq}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \newcommand{\yo}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\yy}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \yo \yy \newcommand{\yo}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\yy}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \yo{ \qu{i think, therefore I am.} } I think, therefore I am. 3.15.1 \emph \emph{ }

66 3 2004 \emph{natural} 2004 Natural \yousyo \wasyo \newcommand{\yousyo}[1]{\emph{#1}}% \newcommand{\wasyo}[1]{ #1 }% 3.15.2 4 en-dash 10 30 em-dash en-dash - okumacro 3.9 When I was a young---a little dog---i could read about 100--200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale. When I was a young a little dog I could read about 100 200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale. 1

3.15 67 3.9 en-dash -- em-dash --- \ \ - - $-$ 3 {\TeX} \mbox{for-each} Perl \mbox{foreach} \mbox{x-ray} Future \mbox{university-hakodate} \mbox{if-then} TEX for-each Perl foreach X-ray Future University-Hakodate if-then 3.15.3 L A TEX \hyphenation{ } \- \- Ghost\-script \hyphenation \hyphenation{ghost-script Post-Script} George Johnson and George Brahms always say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, they always say super\-cali\- fragilistic\-expiali\-docious, and Robert sometimes say \mbox {supercalifragilisticexpialidocious}. George Johnson and George Brahms always say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, they always say supercali fragilisticexpialidocious, and Robert sometimes say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. super \mbox

68 3 3.15.4 (line break) \ Windows Y= \\ 3.15 \\*[ ] \newline \par \newline \\ \par \parindent \verb \\ \\ \\[1cm] \par \newline \\ 3.16 (space) 3.16.1

3.16 69 TEX (ligature) (kerning) The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone.\par The f{}iles were found in a folder and were shuf{}f{}led by anyone. The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. The files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. 3 fl ffl My name is Thor. L A TEX I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. Mr. Right N.Y. I N.Y. D. E. \ \@ I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do.\par I want to be a Mr.\ Right and go to N.Y\@. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do. L A TEX

70 3 L A TEX (letter space) (word space) \ (sentence space) \@ (leading) (paragraph skip) \par 3.16.2 ~ Mr.~Sato read page~10 and looked at fig.~3 and table~2 in the book. Mr. Sato read page 10 and looked at fig. 3 and table 2 in the book. Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. \par \, Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. \, Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. 3.16.3 TEX 4 1 \mbox

3.17 71 good \par \mbox{}good\mbox{}. good good. L A TEX TEX TEX 3 \LaTeX \TeX \\ \LaTeX\ \TeX \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX} \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX}\\ L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX \TeX and \LaTeX are famous.\\ {\TeX} and {\LaTeX} are popular. TEXand L A TEXare famous. TEX and L A TEX are popular. \TeX \TeX 8.15 xspace 3.17 3.10 center 1 flushright flushleft

72 3 3.10 flushleft \raggedright center \centering flushright \raggedleft \begin{flushleft} \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \\ \\ \end{center} \begin{flushright} \\ flushright \end{flushright} flushright \begin{flushright} \\ 2004 3 31 \end{flushright} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} \\ \end{flushright} \begin{center} \end{center}

3.18 73 2004 \begin{flushright} \end{flushright} 2004 3 31 3 2004 3.18 itemize enumerate 1 (a) i A description \item (nest) itemize \item itemize \item[\#]

74 3 \begin{itemize} \item. \item[*]. \begin{itemize} \item. \end{itemize} \end{itemize}. *.. \begin{enumerate} \item. \item. \begin{description} \item[ 1] 1. \item[ 2] 2. \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1.. 2.. 1 1. 2 2. 3.18.1 enumerate enumerate David Carlisle enumerate \Alph, \alph, \Roman, \roman, \arabic ( ) A = \Alph a = \alph 1 = \arabic I = \Roman i = \roman { } (Exmaple, A )

3.19 75 \usepackage{okumacro,graphicx} \usepackage{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}[{ } 1] \item\label{exe:a} \begin{enumerate}[{ \ref{exe:a}}-1] \item \item \end{enumerate} \item \item \end{enumerate} 1 1-1 1-2 2 3 3 okumacro \MARU enumerate \labelenumi \begin{enumerate} \renewcommand\labelenumi{\maru{\arabic{enumi}}} \item \TeX \item \LaTeX\,2.09 \item \LaTeXe \item \LaTeX\,3 \end{enumerate} 3.19 3.6 file.tex 2 \documentclass[a4j]{jsarticle} \title{ \LaTeX}% \author{ }% \date{\today}% \begin{document}% \maketitle% \tableofcontents% \section{ }% \verb \section \subsection{ }% \verb \subsection

76 3 % \section{ } \subsection{ } \begin{quote} \verb quotation \emph{ }\verb quotation \end{quote} \subsection{ } \begin{description} \item[ ] \item[ ] \item[ ] \end{description} \end{document} 3.1 3.20 (character) (typeface) L A TEX

3.20 77 L A TEX 3 2006 2 20 1 1 1.1............................................. 1 2 1 2.1................................................ 1 2.2.............................................. 1 1 \section 1.1 \subsection 2 2.1 quote quotation 2.2 1 3.1

78 3 3.20.1 L A TEX 3.11 4.2.2 { } 3.11 \tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize \small \normalsize \large \Large \LARGE \huge \Huge {\scriptsize } {\Large } \kyocho

3.20 79 3.12 \ 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \tiny 5 pt 6 pt 6 pt \scriptsize 7 pt 8 pt 8 pt \footnotesize 8 pt 9 pt 10 pt \small 9 pt 10 pt 11 pt \normalsize 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \large 12 pt 12 pt 14 pt \Large 14 pt 14 pt 17 pt \LARGE 17 pt 17 pt 20 pt \huge 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt \Huge 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 3 1 \newcommand\kyocho[1]{{\large#1}} \newcommand\kyocho[1]{{\large#1}} \kyocho{ } \Kyocho{ } 3.20.2 L A TEX 3.13

80 3 3.13 \textrm \rmfamily ABCabc \textsf \sffamily ABCabc \texttt \ttfamily ABCabc \textmd \mdseries ABCabc \textbf \bfseries ABCabc \textit \itshape ABCabc \textsl \slshape ABCabc \textsc \scshape ABCabc \textsf{\textbf{typeface}} {\sffamily\bfseries Typeface} Typeface Typeface \texttt{\textit{typewriter bold extended?}} \textsc{small Caps}. \textit{\textbf{bold italic}}. {\ttfamily \itshape typewriter bold extended.} Typewriter bold extended? Small Caps. Bold italic. typewriter bold extended. {\Large\textbf Large Bold?} \\ {\textbf\large Bold Large?} Large Bold? Bold Large? 3.14 pl A TEX \textgt{} {\gtfamily }

3.21 81 3.14 \textmc \mcfamily \textgt \gtfamily 3 3.20.3 L A TEX Donald Knuth Computer Modern Computer Modern [32] Young Ryu txfonts Times mathptmx Palatino mathpazo pxfonts txfonts A.2 3.21 L A TEX 4 1 L A TEX ptex 1 [61]

82 3 [58, 57, 55] 1 3.21.1 syntonly L A TEX Frank Mittelbach Rainer Schöpf syntonly \syntaxonly syntonly DVI \documentclass{jarticle} \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly \begin{document} I like {\LaTex}.% \end{document} 3.22 L A TEX class package L A TEX

3.22 83 L A TEX \documentclass[,... ]{ } \usepackage[,... ]{ } 3 11 2 \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{color} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} 2 twocolumn 11pt \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color}.cls.sty 3.22.1 L A TEX pl A TEX classes.dtx classes.ins classes.cls %% This is file class.cls, %% generated with the docstrip utility. %% The original source files were: %% classes.dtx (with options: option ) option classes.dtx Unix OS

84 3 $ find /usr/local/share/texmf/ -name classes.dtx Windows Macintosh classes.dtx classes.ins platex classes.dtx platex classes.ins DocStrip classes.ins article.cls report.cls book.cls bk10.clo bk11.clo bk12.clo size10.clo size11.clo size12.clo article classes.dtx L A TEX report classes.dtx L A TEX book classes.dtx L A TEX slides slides.dtx proc article proc.dtx article report book classes jarticle jreport jbook tarticle treport tbook

3.22 85 jarticle jreport jbook jclasses 3.22.2 \documentclass 3 10pt, 11pt, 12pt 10pt a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper b4paper, a4j, a5j, b4j, b5j geometry jsclasses landscape oneside, twoside oneside twoside onecolumn, twocolumn 1 onecolumn 2 twocolumn titlepage, notitlepage titlepage notitlepage fleqn leqno draft, final draft final final openright, openany (j)report (j)book openright openany (j)report openany (j)book openright jsclasses *6 *6 http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/jsclasses/

86 3 jsarticle jsbook jspf jclasses *7 jsarticle jsbook jspf jsclasses 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt, 21pt, 25pt, 30pt, 36pt, 43pt, 12Q, 14Q a4paper, a5paper, a6paper, b5paper, b4paper, a4j, a5j, b4j, b5j, a4var, b5var english papersize report \chapter jsbook 3.22.3 L A TEX \usepackage[ ]{ } $ platex filename.dtx filename.dvi *8 DVI filename.dtx Windows Unix OS find L A TEX $texmf/tex/latex/base *7 (j)classes *8 TEX texdoc

3.22 87 L A TEX AMSL A TEX American Mathematical Society AMSTEX TEX L A TEX AMSL A TEX L A TEX amsmath 5.11 babel L A TEX B.5 graphicx color 6.5 tools L A TEX 3 3 L A TEX 3 tools $texmf/tex/latex/tools array calc dcolumn delarray hhline longtable tabularx afterpage bm enumerate ftnright array tabular tabular* L A TEX 8.21.1 6.3.4 5.5.5 6.3.6 tabular 6.3.7 \clearpage \afterpage 5.9.3 enumerate 3.18.1 2

88 3 indentfirst layout multicol showkeys theorem varioref verbatim xr xspace jarticle jreport \chapter \section 3.6.1 8.1.1 8.7.1 \label \ref \cite keys 4.6.1 5.8.1 verbatim 8.15

89 4 L A TEX 4.1 *1 HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language Tim Berners-Lee W3C *2 XHTML: Extended Hyper Text Markup Language L A TEX HTML XHTML L A TEX 4.2 L A TEX *1 HTML SGML 1960 *2

90 4 L A TEX 4.2.1 TEX/L A TEX 1,000 1 1,000, 3 1 0 TEX/L A TEX TEX/L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX < $<$ < L A TEX L A TEX \ { } $ & # ^ _ ~ %

4.2 91 10 10 TEX/L A TEX JIS X 0208 JIS 1 2 Adobe-Japan-1-6 OTF 4 4.2.2 < < < \% L A TEX 1 L A TEX \ Y= \section \3 \# \ {, $

92 4 \maketitle \section \ttfamily \begin{ } \end{ } document 4.2.3 L A TEX \newcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \renewcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \newcommand \newcommand{\example}{ } \example \newcommand{\example}[2]{#1 #2 } \example{ }{ } \example

4.2 93 \newcommand{\example}[2][ ]{% #1#2 } \example{ } \example{ }\par \example[]{ } \example[ ]{ } 4 \newcommand # n 1 9 \newcommand{\seq}[2][n]{% \{#2_{0},#2_{1},\ldots,#2_{#1}\}} $\seq{a}$ $\seq[k]{x}$ {a 0, a 1,..., a n } {x 0, x 1,..., x k } \newcommand 9 \renewcommand L A TEX \newenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \renewenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \newenvironment \newcommand \renewenvironment \newcommand/\newenvironment \providecommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \DeclareRobustCommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \providecommand \DeclareRobustCommand

94 4 4.1 \newcommand\testargs[1]{[#1]} \newcommand*\testargs[1]{[#1]} \testargs{1 \par 2 }. \testargs{1 \par 2 }. 4.2 cemph \newenvironment{cemph}% {\begin{center}\begin{em}}% {\end{em}\end{center}} \begin{cemph} \end{cemph} 4.3 \DeclareRobustCommand \documentclass{jarticle} \DeclareRobustCommand{\joubuyen}{{\ooalign{Y\crcr\hss=\hss}}} \newcommand{\moroiyen}{{\ooalign{y\crcr\hss=\hss}}} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \section{ {\moroiyen}} \section{ {\joubuyen}} \end{document} 1! Illegal parameter number in definition of \reserved@a. <to be read again> \crcr l.6 \section{ {\moroiyen}}?

4.2 95 2 file.toc file.toc file.aux file.aux \relax \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} {{\lineskiplimit -\maxdimen \unhbox \voidb@x \vtop {\baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip.25ex\everycr{}\tabskip \z@skip \halign {##\crcr Y\crcr \hss =\hss \crcr }}}}}{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} {\joubuyen}}{1}} 4 file.toc \contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} {{\lineskiplimit -\maxdimen \unhbox\voidb@x \vtop {\baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip.25ex\everycr{}\tabskip \z@skip \halign {####\crcr Y\crcr \hss =\hss \crcr}}}}}{1} \contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} {\joubuyen} }{1} \DeclareRobustCommand \moroiyen L A TEX \protect \section{ {\protect\moroiyen}} \protect \moroiyen file.toc file.aux 4.2.4

96 4 name@server.co.jp name @ server. co. jp name @ jp co server @ at. @. L A TEX L A TEX \newcommand{\onearg}[1]{ #1 } \OneArg L A TEX 1 \newcommand{\onearg}[1]{ #1 }

4.2 97 \OneArg { } { } \newcommand{\twoargs}[2]{ #1 #2} \twoargs { } 4 L A TEX TEX @ \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2} \two@args { } Enter 4! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> g l.7 \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You already have nine parameters. \reserved@a...def \expandafter \h \reserved@b #10 g{ l.7 \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You can t use macro parameter character # in horizontal mode. <argument> ## 1 ##2 l.7 \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You can t use macro parameter character # in horizontal mode. <argument> ##1 ## 2 l.7 \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2}? L A TEX @ \newcommand{\h}[2]{ #1 #2}

98 4 \two@args { } @ ge L A TEX L A TEX @ @ \two@args \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2} \two@args \twoargs \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2} \newcommand{\twoargs}{\two@args} @ @ \makeatletter @ \makeatother @ @ \def\makeatletter{\catcode \@11\relax} \def\makeatother{\catcode \@12\relax} @ 11 12 4.1

4.2 99 4.1 0 \ Y= 1 { 2 } 3 $ 4 & 5 0x0D 6 # 7 ^ 8 _ 9 1 10 11 A Z a z 12 (!? 1 2 @ 13 ~ 14 % 15 0x7E TEX 16 1 2 17 18 1 4 @ \makeatletter \makeatother \documentclass{jsarticle} \makeatletter \newcommand{\two@args}[2]{ #1 #2} \newcommand{\twoargs}{\two@args} \makeatother \begin{document} \twoargs{ }{ } \end{document} 4.4 \@ifstar @ * \newcommand\checkstar{\@ifstar{ }{ }} \checkstar, \checkstar*, \checkstar!.

100 4! You can t use \spacefactor in vertical mode. @ \makeatletter \makeatother \makeatletter \newcommand\checkstar{\@ifstar{ }{ }} \checkstar, \checkstar*, \checkstar!. \makeatother 4.2.5 \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{#1! #2? } \twoarg a b \twoarg{ } { }\twoarg{\latex} {\LaTeXe} a! b?!? L A TEX! L A TEX 2ε? \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{#1! #2? } \twoarg\latex\latexe \twoarg\latex2\latex3 L A TEX! L A TEX 2ε? L A TEX! 2? L A TEX3 4.2.4 L A TEX 2 2 4.3 TEX/L A TEX

4.3 101 2 L A TEX L A TEX \newcount\test% \the\test% {% 1 \test=3 \the\test% \test 3 {% 2 \test=5 \the\test% \test 5 }% 2 \the\test% 2 test 5 }% \the\test% \test=6 \the\test% \test? 4 \newcount \the 035306 \ttfamily \itshape \normalfont roman {\ttfamily tt {\itshape it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman \ttfamily L A TEX roman \texttt{ tt \textit{it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman

102 4 \normalfont \normalfont roman {\ttfamily tt {\normalfont \itshape it} tt} roman\par roman \texttt{tt {\normalfont \textit{it}} tt} roman roman tt it tt roman roman tt it tt roman 4.3.1 TEX/L A TEX \global \newcount\test \the\test {% 1 \global\test=3 \the\test% {% 2 \the\test \test=5 \the\test } \the\test } \the\test \test=6 \the\test 0 3 35 3 36 3 3 2 3 1 3 \global L A TEX

4.4 103 4.4 center \begin{center} \end{center} \centering 4 {\centering A long long ago, a man was doing any test...} \centering center \begin{center} A long long ago, a man was doing any test... \end{center} \textsf \sffamily Roman. \textsf{roman? \par This is sans serif family.} Roman! sffont \newenvironment{sffont}{\sffamily}{} Roman. \begin{sffont} Roman? \par This is sans serif. \end{sffont} \par Roman! Roman. Roman? This is sans serif. Roman!

104 4 \sffamily Roman! {\sffamily sans serif.} Roman! Roman! sans serif. Roman! \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{ } \end{ } L A TEX { } \sffamily Roman? \begin{sffamily} This is sans serif family.\par \end{sffamily} Roman! Roman? Roman! This is sans serif family. 4.5 \section equation float enumerate \label \label{ }

4.5 105 \ref \pageref 2 \ref{ } \pageref{ } \ref \section \section 4 %\section{ }\label{sec:xr} \pageref{sec:xr}~ \ref{sec:xr}~ 104 4.5 3 4.5.1 L A TEX L A TEX 4.2 \newcounter{section}[chapter] \newcounter \newcount\c@section % \def\thesection{\thechapter.\c@section}% \def\p@section{\thechapter.\c@section}% reftest.tex 1

106 4 4.2 part chapter section subsection subsubsection paragraph subparagraph page equation figure table footnote mpfootnote minipage enumi enumerate enumii enumerate enumiii enumerate enumiv enumerate \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} \newcounter{test} \thetest \refstepcounter{test} \thetest \end{document} \refstepcounter \thetest test No file reftest.aux reftest.aux cat type 1 \relax \refstepcounter \refstepcounter{test} \thetest 1 \label{cnt:test} 1 \refstepcounter{test} \thetest \label{cnt:test}

4.5 107 Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. L A TEX reftest.aux \newlabel \relax \newlabel{cnt:test}{{1}{1}} 4 cnt:test \newcounter{test} \thetest \refstepcounter{test} \thetest \label{cnt:test} 2 \ref \pagref 1 1 ref=\ref{cnt:test}, page=\pageref{cnt:test} reftest.aux L A TEX \setcounter page 100 1 \setcounter{page}{100} \newcounter{test} \thetest \refstepcounter{test} \thetest \label{cnt:test} ref=\ref{cnt:test}, page=\pageref{cnt:test} Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. reftest.aux 100 \relax \newlabel{cnt:test}{{1}{100}} file.aux L A TEX file.aux \ref \pageref

108 4 4.5.2 L A TEX int jsbook \chpater \section \newcounter \newcounter{section}[chpater] \newcounter{ }[ ] \setcounter{ }{ } \addtocounter{ }{ } \stepcounter{ } \refstepcounter{ } \value{ } \newcounter \setcounter \addtocounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter 0 \value \arabic 1, 2,... \roman i, ii,... \Roman I, II,... \alph a, b,..., z \Alph A, B,..., Z \fnsymbol *,,... \section section \renewcommand{\thesection}{\roman{section}} 4.5

4.6 109 \documentclass{jsarticle} \renewcommand\thesection{\alph{section}} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \section{ } \subsection{ } \end{document} \thesection 4 4.6 4.3 4.3 chap: \chapter sec: \section fig: figure \caption tab: \table \caption equ: \equation eqnarray \section{ }\label{sec:addmix} \section{ }\label{sec:submix} \ref{sec:addmix}~ \pp{\pageref{sec:addmix} } 4.3 \section{ }\label{sec:addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ ~\ref{equ:addmixcolor} \begin{equation}

110 4 c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\label{equ:addmixcolor} \end{equation} ~\ref{tab:addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{}\label{tab:addmixcolor} \end{table} ~\ref{fig:addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{}\label{fig:addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\label{sec:submixcolor} \ref{sec:addmixcolor}~ (\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 3.1 i c i 3.1 c i = r i + g i + b i (3.1) 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 (5 ) 4.3 \newcommand*{\chaplab}[1]{\label{chap:#1}} \newcommand*{\chapref}[1]{ ~\ref{chap:#1}~ } \newcommand*{\seclab}[1]{\label{sec:#1}} \newcommand*{\secref}[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ } \newcommand*{\figlab}[1]{\label{fig:#1}} \newcommand*{\figref}[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1}} \newcommand*{\tablab}[1]{\label{tab:#1}} \newcommand*{\tabref}[1]{ ~\ref{tab:#1}}

4.6 111 \newcommand*{\equlab}[1]{\label{equ:#1}} \newcommand*{\equref}[1]{ ~\ref{equ:#1}} \section{ }\seclab{addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ \eqref{addmixcolor} \begin{equation} c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\eqlab{addmixcolor} \end{equation} \tabref{addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{}\tablab{addmixcolor} \end{table} \figref{addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{}\figlab{addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 4 1 \pageref \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) sec: \newcommand*\pref[2]{(\pageref{#1:#2} )} \newcommand*\fullchapref[1]{ \ref{chap:#1} \pref{chap}{#1}} \newcommand*\fullsecref[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ \pref{sec}{#1}} \newcommand*\fullfigref[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1} \pref{fig}{#1}} \newcommand*\fulltabref[1]{ ~\ref{tab:#1} \pref{tab}{#1}} \newcommand*\fullequref[1]{ ~\ref{equ:#1} \pref{equ}{#1}} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} \fullsecref{addmixcolor} L A TEX 1 myref.sty *3 *3 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/myref.sty

112 4 4.6.1 showkeys \label \pageref \ref \label, \pageref, \ref David Carlisle showkeys \label \newlabel \ref, \pageref \usepackage{showkeys} \section{ } \subsection{ }\label{sec:back} \ref{sec:goal}~ \subsection{ }\label{sec:goal} \ref{sec:back}~ \par \par ~\pageref{sec:back} sec:back sec:goal 1.1 sec:goal 1.2 1.2 sec:back 1.1 sec:back 1 4.6.2 L A TEX LaTeX Warning: Label key multiply defined \label Reference key on page n undefined Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. 1 1

113 5 L A TEX TEX 5.1 L A TEX L A TEX math italic 5.2 2 equation

第 5 章 数式 書 方 114 式 出力 eqnarray 環境 H 5.2.1 文中数式 文中数式 出力 3通 $ h数式i $ \( h数式i \) \begin{math} h数式i \end{math} 同 $h数式i$ 動作 良 囲 簡単 使 math 環境 記述量 増 見 使 構 math 環境 入 子 $a$ 2 乗 $b$ 2乗 足 $c$ 2乗 等 事 \( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \) 表 \begin{math} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{math} 書 事 上記 例 ^ 数式 長 知 2乗 足 等 事 a 2 + b 2 = c2 2 2 2 a +b =c 書 事 a 添 字 上付 2乗 b 機能 持 c 2乗 表 H 5.2.2 変数 a x + y 乗 出力 一塊 要素 波括弧 LATEX 乗 例 見 ax + y 6= ax+y \( a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} \) 数式 要素 一 LATEX 一 数式環境 限 要素 扱 波括弧 H 5.2.3 別行数式 数式 別行 立 方法 LATEX 主 3通 化 行

5.2 115 $$ $$ \[ \] \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath} fleqn \[ \] displaymath 5 \[ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \] c 2 = a 2 + b 2 \begin{displaymath} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{displaymath} a 2 + b 2 = c 2 5.2.4 1 equation \begin{equation} \label{ } \end{equation} equation 1 4.5 \begin{equation} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \label{eq:equ} \end{equation} ~(\ref{eq:equ}) $c^2$ $a^2+b^2$ a 2 + b 2 = c 2 (5.1) (5.1) c 2 a 2 + b 2

116 5 5.2.5 \begin{eqnarray*} & & \\ & & \end{eqnarray*} = eqnarray* 1 & \\ \begin{eqnarray*} f(x) & = & x^2 \\ f (x) & = & 2x \end{eqnarray*} f(x) = x 2 f (x) = 2x 5.1 \begin{eqnarray*} 5c = 4g \\ 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g \\ 3a + 5c = 3g \end{eqnarray*} 5c = 4g 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g 3a + 5c = 3g \begin{eqnarray*} 5c &=& 4g \\ 6a + 3c + 7d &=& 2g \\ 3a + 5c &=& 3g \end{eqnarray*} 5c = 4g 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g 3a + 5c = 3g \begin{eqnarray*} && 5c = 4g \\ && 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g \\ && 3a + 5c = 3g \end{eqnarray*} 5c = 4g 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g 3a + 5c = 3g

5.3 書体 変更 \begin{eqnarray*} & 5c = 4g &\\ & 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g &\\ & 3a + 5c = 3g& \end{eqnarray*} 5c = 4g 6a + 3c + 7d = 2g 3a + 5c = 3g x 問題 5.2 次 入力例 処理 結果 117 表示 事 言 確認 5 \begin{eqnarray*} & 5c & = & 4g \\ & 6a + 3c + 7d & = & 2g \\ & 3a + 5c & = & 3g \end{eqnarray*} H 5.2.6 後 複数行番号付 数式 参照 複数行 数式 数式 呼 eqnarray 環境 使 1行 改行 \\ \nonumber 命令 番号付 記述 書式 前 貼 番号 振 事 同 番号 出力 行 f (x) = x2 (5.2) 0 Z 式 (5.2) (5.3) f (x) = 2x 3 f (x)dx = x /3 + C 微分 数式 処理 複数行番号付 eqnarray* \begin{eqnarray} f(x) &=& x^2 \label{eq1}\\ f (x) &=& 2x \label{eq2}\\ \int f(x)dx&=& x^3/3+c\nonumber \end{eqnarray} 式~(\ref{eq1}) 微分 式~(\ref{eq2}) 複数行数式 行 式 (5.3) 数式環境 囲 eqnarray* 環境 同様 最終行 改行 入 5.3 数式 書体 変更 書体 変更 必要 変更 数式中 文字 表示 思 例 行列 表 体 書体変更用

118 5 5.1 5.1 \mathnormal ABCabc \mathrm ABCabc \mathsf ABCabc \mathtt ABCabc \mathbf ABCabc \mathit ABCabc \mathcal ABC \begin{displaymath} \int f(x) dx \neq \int f(x) \mathrm{d}x \end{displaymath} Z Z f(x)dx f(x)dx amssymb amsmath \text 5.2 5.2 amssymb \mathfrak ABCabc \mathbb ABC \text ABC

5.4 119 \usepackage{amssymb} $$ x \in \mathbf{r} \neq x \in \mathbb{r}$$ $$ f(x) = 1/(1 + g(x)), (x = 3 \text{ })$$ x R x R f(x) = 1/(1 + g(x)), (x = 3 ) 5.3 \begin{displaymath} \bigotimes^n x \stackrel{\mathrm {def}}{=} \overbrace{x \otimes (x \otimes (\dots \otimes x)\dots)} ^{n copies of x} \end{displaymath} no x def = ncopiesofx z } { x (x ( x)... ) 5 ncopiesofx copies of \text x n \dots \cdots \begin{displaymath} \bigotimes^n x \stackrel{\mathrm {def}}{=} \overbrace{x \otimes (x \otimes (\cdots \otimes x) \cdots)} ^{\text{$n$ copies of $x$}} \end{displaymath} no x def = n copies of x z } { x (x ( x) ) 5.4 L A TEX 5.3 dx *1 *1 \,, \:, \;, \! \thinmuskip, \medmuskip, \thickmuskip, \thinmuskip mu

120 5 5.3 dx dy dxdy \, dx\, dy dx dy \: dx\: dy dx dy \; dx\; dy dx dy \ dx\ dy dx dy (1 em) \quad dx\quad dy dx dy 2 (2 em) \qquad dx\qquad dy dx dy \! dx\!dy dxdy dx \[ \int\int f(x)dxdy \neq \int\!\!\!\int f(x)\ dx\ dy \] Z Z ZZ f(x)dxdy f(x) dx dy 5.4 1 $c, v, e$ \[c = f_1 + f_2, v = 3f_2 + f_3, e = 2f_1 + 3f_3 \] c, v, e c = f 1 + f 2, v = 3f 2 + f 3, e = 2f 1 + 3f 3 $c, v, e$ \quad $c$, $v$, $e$ \[c = f_1 + f_2,\quad v = 3f_2 + f_3, \quad e = 2f_1 + 3f_3 \] c, v, e c = f 1 +f 2, v = 3f 2 +f 3, e = 2f 1 +3f 3 5.5 \quad \[ g = \frac{1}{5}a + \frac{1}{6}b \quad (a>3,\ b>5) \] g = 1 5 a + 1 b (a > 3, b > 5) 6

5.5 121 \ 5.5 5.5.1 L A TEX 5 ^{ } _{ } 2 1 5.4 5.4 5.4 x^{a+b} x a+b {}^{a+b}x a+b x x_{a+b} x a+b {}_{a+b}x a+bx x^{a+b}_{c+d} x a+b c+d {}^{a}_{b}x a b x x^{a^{b}} x ab {}_{a}x_{b} ax b \( {}^{a+b}_{x+y}a^{a+b}_{x+y} \) a+b x+y Aa+b x+y ^ _ \sp \sb \( A^4_3 \neq A\sp4\sb3 \) A 4 3 A 4 3

122 5 Harald Harders leftidx \leftidx{ }{ }{ } \ltrans{ } \ltrans \begin{eqnarray*} {}_a^b\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)_c^d &\neq& \leftidx{_a^b}{\left( \frac{x}{y} \right)}{_c^d}\\ {}^\mathrm{t} A &\neq& \ltrans{a} \end{eqnarray*} b a «d x y c b a t A t A «d x y c 5.5.2 d d L A TEX 5.5 5.5 arccos \arccos cot \cot exp \exp lim inf \liminf sec \sec arcsin \arcsin coth \coth gcd \gcd lim sup \limsup sin \sin arctan \arctan csc \csc hom \hom log \log sinh \sinh arg \arg deg \deg inf \inf max \max sup \sup cos \cos det \det ker \ker min \min tan \tan cosh \cosh dim \dim lim \lim Pr \Pr tanh \tanh \[cos^2x+sin^2x \neq \cos^2x+\sin^2x\] cos 2 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x \bmod \bmod{ } ( ) \pmod{ } \( \mathrm M\bmod{\mathrm N} \neq \mathrm M\pmod{\mathrm N} \) M mod N M (mod N)

5.5 123 5.5.3 5.6 5.6 \frac{ }{ } \sqrt{ } \sqrt[ ]{ } 5 \int^{ }_{ } \sum^{ }_{ } \begin{displaymath} \int^b_a f(x) dx \neq \sqrt{\frac{1}{f(x)}} \end{displaymath} Z b a s 1 f(x)dx f(x) \begin{displaymath} \sqrt{\frac{1}{g(x)} + \sqrt{\int f(x) dx}} \end{displaymath} v u s Z t 1 g(x) + f(x)dx \begin{displaymath} \frac{1}{g(x)} + \frac{1}{2x^3 + 5x^2 + 8x + 5} \end{displaymath} 1 g(x) + 1 2x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 5 \sum \int \limits \nolimits

124 5 \limits \nolimits \limits \nolimits \begin{eqnarray*} \sum\nolimits^n_{k=0}k & \neq & \sum^n_{k=0}k\\ \int^b_a dx & \neq & \int\limits^b_a dx \end{eqnarray*} X n k X n k k=0 Z b dx a a k=0 Z b dx \begin{eqnarray*} \lim\nolimits_{n\rightarrow0}n &\neq& \lim_{n\rightarrow0}n \\ \prod^n_{i=1}n &\neq& \prod\nolimits^n_{i=1}n \end{eqnarray*} lim n 0 n lim n n 0 ny n Y n i=1 i=1 n 5.5.4 L A TEX ( ) \left \right \begin{displaymath} \left[ \Big(x+y\Big) \right] \end{displaymath} h i x + y 5.7 L A TEX \left \right \left \right 5.7

5.5 125 5.7 ( ( \rfloor \updownarrow { \lbrace ) ) \lfloor \Uparrow \rceil [ [ \arrowvert \Downarrow 8 \lceil ] ] \Arrowvert \Updownarrow ; \lmoustache 9 { \{ \Vert \ \backslash : \rmoustache 8 } \} \vert \rangle : \lgroup 9 \uparrow \langle ; \rgroup \ \downarrow } \rbrace > \bracevert 5 \begin{displaymath} \left( \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+x}} \right) \end{displaymath}! 1 1 + 1 1+x \begin{displaymath} \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx \right\downarrow + \left\lgroup \int g(x)dx \right\rgroup \end{displaymath} xz? 8 Z f(x)dx? y + >: 9 g(x)dx >; 5.8 5.8 / / ` ( ( ) ) \ \big/ \bigl( \bigr) \bigm \bigm\. \Big/ \Bigl( \Bigr) \Bigm \Bigm\ ffi «\bigg/ \biggl( \biggr) \biggm \biggm\,! \Bigg/ \Biggl( \Biggr) \Biggm \Biggm\

126 5 \begin{displaymath} \Biggl\ \Biggl(\int f(x) dx\biggr) \Bigg/ \Biggl(\int g(x) dx\biggr) \Biggr\ \end{displaymath} Z f(x)dx!, Z g(x)dx! 5.8 \big \Big \bigl \bigm \bigr \big \big \left \right \[ \left\ \left(\int f(x) dx\right) \Bigg/ \left(\int g(x) dx\right) \right\ \] Z «, Z f(x)dx g(x)dx«. \[ \left( \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx + \int g(x)dx \right. \right) \] x??? Z Z f(x)dx + «g(x)dx 5.5.5 L A TEX array array math \[\] $$ array \begin{array}{ } 11 &... & 1n \\. &... &. \\ m1 &... & mn \end{array} m n & \\

5.5 127 \begin{array}{ } 4 \begin{array}{lc cr} l c r array 5.9 array 5 5.9 array l 1 c 1 r 1 2 @{ } 1 p{ } *{ }{ } array \[ \left( \begin{array}{*{2}{c}} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{c} m \\ n \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c} am+bn \\ cm+dn \\ \end{array} \right) \] a b c d «m n «= am + bn cm + dn «array

128 5 \[ f(x)= \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} x & (x > 0)\\ 0 & (x = 0)\\ -x & (x < 0) \end{array} \right. \] f(x) = ( x (x > 0) 0 (x = 0) x (x < 0) \hline \vline 5.10 5.10 array \hline \hline\hline \vline \cline{ } \multicolumn{ } { }{ } 2 \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{llc} \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{f(x)} \\ \hline g(x) & h(x) & i(x) \\ \cline{2-2} j(x)+k(x)+l(x) & o(x) & p(x)\\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} f(x) g(x) h(x) i(x) j(x) + k(x) + l(x) o(x) p(x) array \matrix \pmatrix \matrix \bordermatrix \matrix \pmatrix amsmath matrix pmatrix \[ \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \end{pmatrix} \] x y«(a b c)

5.5 129 \bordermatrix \& \cr \[ A=\ \bordermatrix{ & 1 & 2 \cr 1 & a & b \cr 2 & c & d } \] A = 1 2 «1 a b 2 c d David Carlisle delarray (delimiter array) \left( \right) 5 \usepackage{delarray} $\begin{array}({cc}) a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \\ \end{array}$ a11 a 12 a 21 a 22 «$f(x) = \begin{array}\{{ll}. 1 & \mathrm{if}\ x > 0. \\ 0 & \mathrm{if}\ x = 0. \\ -1 & \mathrm{if}\ x < 0. \\ \end{array}$ 8 < 1 if x > 0. f(x) = 0 if x = 0. : 1 if x < 0. \usepackage{delarray} \newcolumntype{v}{>{$}l<{$}} \begin{displaymath} f(x) = \begin{array}\{{lv}. 1 & if $x > 0$. \\ 0 & if $x = 0$. \\ -1 & if $x < 0$. \\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} f(x) = ( 1 if x > 0. 0 if x = 0. 1 if x < 0.

第 5 章 数式 書 方 130 5.6 表示形式 調整 数式 記述 分数 思 各環境 a b 自動的 各要素 大 出力 多用 段落 少 小 空 文中数式 a b 表 5.11 表示形式 変更 表 5.11 逆 見栄 程度 数式 表示形式 変更 出力形式 例 \displaystyle 別行立 形式 a b \textstyle \scriptstyle \scriptscriptstyle 文中数式形式 添 字形式 添 字 中 添 字形式 分数 表記 別行立 a b 命令 使 悪 命令 長 数式 文中 入 式 限 決 書 良 b a b a b a b 良 方法 文中 数 見 a/b \(f(x)\) 不定積分 \(\int f(x)dx\) \(\displaystyle \int f(x)dx\) \LaTeX 少 違 分数 $\frac{a}{b}$ 書 $a/b$ 書 f (x) 不定積分 EX a/b R Z f (x)dx 少 違 LAT \[ \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+x}}} \neq \frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+ \frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+ \frac{1}{1+x}}} \] \( \int^b_a f(x)dx \neq {\displaystyle\int^b_a g(x)dx} \) a 分数 書 1 6= 1 1 1+ 1+x 1 1+ 1+ a 書 1 1+ Rb f (x)dx a b f (x)dx 6= Z b g(x)dx a 1 1+x

5.6 131 5.6 \begin{displaymath} f (x) = \frac{ \frac{a - b}{x + z} + \frac{a + b}{x + y}} {\frac{1}{x + a} + z} \end{displaymath} f(x) = a b + a+b x+z x+y 1 + z x+a 5 f(x) = (a b)/(x + z) + (a + b)/(x + y) (1)/(x + a) + z \begin{displaymath} f (x) = \frac{(a-b)/(x+z)+(a+b)/(x+y)}{(1)/(x+a)+z} \end{displaymath} \sfrac \newcommand\sfrac[2]{(#1)/(#2)} \begin{displaymath} f (x) = \frac{\sfrac{a-b}{x+z}+\sfrac{a+b}{x+y}}{\sfrac{1}{x+a}+z} \end{displaymath} f(x) = (a b)/(x + z) + (a + b)/(x + y) (1)/(x + a) + z \sfrac{1}{x+a}

132 5 \makeatletter \newcommand\sfrac{\@ifnextchar\bgroup \@sfrac \@@sfrac} \newcommand\@sfrac[2]{(#1)/(#2)} \newcommand\@@sfrac[2]{#1/(#2)} \makeatother \begin{displaymath} f(x) = \frac{\sfrac{a-b}{x+z}+ \sfrac{a+b}{x+y}}{\sfrac1{x+a}+z} \end{displaymath} f(x) = (a b)/(x + z) + (a + b)/(x + y) 1/(x + a) + z 5.7 \( \)! Missing $ inserted. 5.7.1 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.12 α \alpha η \eta ν \nu τ \tau β \beta θ \theta ξ \xi υ \upsilon γ \gamma ι \iota o o φ \phi δ \delta κ \kappa π \pi χ \chi ɛ \epsilon λ \lambda ρ \rho ψ \psi ζ \zeta µ \mu σ \sigma ω \omega o o \o LaTeX Warning: Command \o invalid in math mode on input line 30.

5.7 133 \begin{eqnarray*} \cos^2\theta+\sin^2\theta &\neq& \cos^2x + \sin^2x \end{eqnarray*} cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ cos 2 x + sin 2 x 5.13 ε \varepsilon ϑ \vartheta ϖ \varpi ϱ \varrho ς \varsigma ϕ \varphi 5 5.14 A \mathrm{a} H \mathrm{h} N \mathrm{n} T \mathrm{t} B \mathrm{b} Θ \Theta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Γ \Gamma I \mathrm{i} O \mathrm{o} Φ \Phi \Delta K \mathrm{k} Π \Pi X \mathrm{x} E \mathrm{e} Λ \Lambda P \mathrm{p} Ψ \Psi Z \mathrm{z} M \mathrm{m} Σ \Sigma Ω \Omega \O LaTeX Warning: Command \O invalid in math mode on input line 40. A B E Z H I K M N O P T X \mathrm \begin{eqnarray*} A &\neq& \mathrm A\\ F(x)+C &\neq& F(x)+ \mathrm C\\ \mathit{foo}&\neq& \mathrm{foo} \end{eqnarray*} A A F (x) + C F (x) + C foo foo

134 5 5.7.2 5.15 \not \le \in \sqsupseteq \neq. \prec / \notin \dashv = \doteq \preceq \ge \ni \propto \ll \succ \equiv = \models \subset \succeq \sim \perp \subseteq \gg \simeq \mid \sqsubseteq \supset \asymp \parallel \vdash \supseteq \approx \bowtie \smile \frown = \cong 5.16 ± \pm \cdot \ \setminus \ominus \mp \cap \wr \otimes \times \cup \diamond \oslash \div \uplus \bigtriangleup \odot \ast \sqcap \bigtriangledown \bigcirc \star \sqcup \triangleleft \dagger \circ \vee \triangleright \ddagger \bullet \wedge \oplus \amalg 5.17 P \sum H \oint W \bigvee L \bigoplus Q \prod S \bigcup V \bigwedge N \bigotimes \coprod T \bigcap J \bigodot R \int F \bigsqcup U \biguplus \( \vec{a}+\vec{b}\neq \vec{a+b} \neq \overrightarrow{a+b} \) a + b a + b a + b

5.7 135 5.18 â \hat{a} ǎ \check{a} ă \breve{a} á \acute{a} à \grave{a} ã \tilde{a} ā \bar{a} ȧ \dot{a} ä \ddot{a} a \vec{a} 5.19 z } { m + M \overline m + M \overbrace m + M \underline m + M \overleftarrow m + M \overrightarrow m + M {z } \underbrace m + M \widehat m + M \widetilde 5 \begin{displaymath} \overbrace{a+b+c+d+e+f+g}^{h+i+j+k}+ \underbrace{l+m+n}_{o+p+q} \end{displaymath} h+i+j+k z } { a + b + c + d + e + f + g + l + m + n {z } o+p+q 5.20 \leftarrow \longrightarrow \leftrightarrow \Leftarrow = \Longrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \hookleftarrow \longmapsto \rightleftharpoons \leftharpoonup \hookrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \leftharpoondown \rightharpoonup \updownarrow \longleftarrow \rightharpoondown \Updownarrow = \Longleftarrow \uparrow \nearrow \rightarrow \Uparrow \swarrow \Rightarrow \downarrow \searrow \mapsto \Downarrow \nwarrow \begin{displaymath} (p\rightarrow r)\vee (q\rightarrow s) \end{displaymath} (p r) (q s)

136 5 5.21 ℵ \aleph \partial \bot \natural \hbar \infty \angle \sharp ı \imath \prime \triangle \clubsuit j \jmath \emptyset \forall \diamondsuit l \ell \nabla \exists \heartsuit \wp \surd \neg \spadesuit R \Re \ \backslash I \Im \top \flat \[ \forall{x}\forall{y}( P(x,y)\vee(f(x)\wedge g(x))) \] x y(p (x, y) (f(x) g(x))) \( e^{j\theta}=\re{\{e^{j\theta}\}} +\Im{\{e^{j\theta}\}} =\cos\theta+j\sin\theta\) e jθ = R{e jθ } + I{e jθ } = cos θ + j sin θ 5.22... \ldots \cdots... \vdots... \ddots \[ (a_0+a_1+\cdots+a_n) \neq \{a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_n\} \] (a 0 + a 1 + + a n ) {a 0, a 1,..., a n } 5.7 \ldots \cdots \dots \ldots \cdots \[ \{f_n\} = f_1, f_2, \dots, f_n \] {f n} = f 1, f 2,..., f n 5.7.3 latexsym L A TEX 2ε Frank Mittelbach latexsym amssymb amsfonts

5.8 定義 定理 定義 読 込 latexsym 表 5.23 f \mho à \leadsto E \unlhd 標準 n o \Join @ \sqsubset B \rhd 137 良 数学記号 \Box A \sqsupset D \unrhd \Diamond C \lhd 5 定義 定理 5.8 \theorem 命令 使 新規 定義型 定理型 環境 作成 \newtheorem{h名前i}{h i}[h親 \newtheorem{h名前i}[h定義済 章 節 通 番号 i} h親 場合 h定義済 別々 環境 同 通 番号 使 例 i] 環境i]{h 前 付 Prob 環境 Exe 環境 次 i 表 4.2 選 環境i 指定 記述 具体的 \newtheorem{prob}{問題}[chapter] \newtheorem{exe}[prob]{例題} 以下 使 \begin{exe}\label{hoge:ware} 文書 難 答 簡単 \end{exe} \begin{prob}\label{geho:yueni} 文書 適切 考 \end{prob} 例題~\ref{Hoge:ware} 問題~\ref{Geho:yueni} 導 実際 出力 異 作 思 日本語用. 例題 5.8 単 文書 x 問題 5.9 文書 適切 例題 5.8 問題 5.9 難 導 答 考 簡 \theorem 命令 定理型 定義型 環境 作成 思

138 5 5.8.1 Frank Mittelbach theorem L A TEX \theorem AMSL A TEX amsthm Frank Mittelbach theorem L A TEX \theorem \newtheorem{ }{ } \newtheorem{ }{ }[ ] \newtheorem{ }[ ]{ } theorem \theoremstyle{ } \theorembodyfont{ } \theoremheaderfont{ } plain \theorem break margin change marginbreak margin changebreak change theorem 2.1 2.2 2.3

5.9 139 {\theorembodyfont{\normalfont} \theoremheaderfont{\normalfont\bfseries} \newtheorem{exam}{ } \newtheorem{refer}[exam]{ } \newtheorem{prob}[exam]{ }} 5.9 5 \newcommand*\niji[3][]{% [a]{b}{c} \ensuremath{#1x^2+#2x+#3=0}} \newcommand*\niji[3][]{% [a]{b}{c} \ensuremath{x=\frac{-#2\pm% \sqrt{#2^2-4#1#3}}{2#1}}} \niji[a]{b}{c} \begin{displaymath} \Niji[a]{b}{c} \end{displaymath} \niji{6}{5} \niji{6}{5} $x=1,5$ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x = b ± b 2 4ac 2a x 2 +6x+5 = 0 x 2 +6x+ 5 = 0 x = 1, 5 \usepackage{txfonts} \[ \int f(x)dx + \int g(y)dy + \iint h(x,y)dx\,dy \] Z Z f(x)dx + ZZ g(y)dy + h(x, y)dx dy \intx \iintxy \newcommand\intx[1]{\int#1dx} \newcommand\inty[1]{\int#1dy} \newcommand\iintxy[1]{\iint#1dx\,dy} \[ \intx{f(x)} + \inty{g(y)} + \iintxy{h(x,y)} \] Z Z f(x)dx + ZZ g(y)dy + h(x, y)dx dy dy/dx + P (x)y = Q(x) \[ y=e^{-\int P(x)dx}\left\{ \int{q(x)e^{\int P(x)dx}dx + \mathrm{c}} \right\} \] jz y = e R P (x)dx ff P (x)dx Q(x)eR dx + c

140 5 P (x) Q(x) \newcommand{\my}{% \ensuremath{dy/dx+p(x)y=q(x)}} \newcommand{\mypq}[2]{\ensuremath{% e^{\int{#1}dx}\left\{\int{{#2}% e^{\int{#1}dx}dx+\mathrm{c}}% \right\}}} $P(x)=x^2+\pi$ $Q(x)=e^x$ {\my} $y$ \[ \mypq{(x^2+\pi)}{e^x}\] P (x) = x 2 + π Q(x) = e x dy/dx + P (x)y = Q(x) y jz R e (x 2 +π)dx ff e x (x 2 +π)dx er dx + c \[\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}+ \frac{\partial^2f}{\partial x^2}+ \frac{\partial^3f}{\partial x^3}\] f x + 2 f x + 3 f 2 x 3 \newcommand{\pdif}[3][]{\frac{% \partial^{#1}{#2}}{\partial{#3}^{#1}}} \[ \pdif{f}{x}+\pdif[2]{f}{x} \] f x + 2 f x 2 \newcommand{\pdif}[3][]{\frac{% \partial^{#1}{#2}}{\partial{#3}^{#1}}} \[ \pdif[2]{f}{x} + \pdif{\sp2f}{xy} + \pdif[2]{f}{y} \] 2 f x + 2 f 2 xy + 2 f y 2 \partial \frac

5.9 141 5.9.1 = def def = \stackrel \stackrel{ }{ } \newcommand{\defeq}{% \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}} \( x \defeq p(t)+q(t)+r(t) \) x def = p(t) + q(t) + r(t) 5 \substack amsmath \begin{displaymath} \sum^l_{i=1} \sum^m_{j=1} \sum^n_{k=1} p_i q_j r_k \neq \sum_{ \substack{i\le 1\le l \\ j\le 1 \le m \\ k\le 1 \le n}} p_i q_j r_k \end{displaymath} lx mx i=1 j=1 k=1 nx p i q j r k X i 1 l j 1 m k 1 n p i q j r k 5.9.2 \ooalign \crcr {\ooalign{ \crcr }} \hss \not \newcommand{\cnot}[1]{\ooalign{ \crcr{\hss{#1}\hss}}}

142 5 \newcommand{\pile}[2]{% {\ooalign{#1\crcr#2}}} \newcommand{\cpile}[2]{{\ooalign{{% \hss#1\hss}\crcr{\hss#2\hss}}}} \newcommand{\cnot}[1]{% \ooalign{ \crcr{\hss{#1}\hss}}} $\pile Y=$ $\cpile Y=$ \cnot{a} \pile/a Y= Y= A /A 5.9.3 \mathbf \boldmath \unboldmath amsmath amsbsy \boldsymbol bm \bm txfonts pxfonts \boldmath \unboldmath \(\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq\) \boldmath \(\int^a_b f(x)dx \neq\) \unboldmath\(\int^a_b f(x)dx \) R a b f(x)dx R a b f (x)dx R a f(x)dx b \mathbf amsbsy \boldsymbol \(\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \boldsymbol{\int^a_b f(x)dx}\neq \int^a_b f(x)dx \) R a f(x)dx R a f (x)dx R a f(x)dx b b b amsbsy bm \bm

5.9 143 \(\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \bm{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \int^a_b f(x)dx \) R a f(x)dx R a f (x)dx R a f(x)dx b b b 5.9.4 \mathstrut \[ \overline{\sqrt a + \sqrt b \neq \sqrt{\mathstrut a}+ \sqrt{\mathstrut b}} \] a + b p a + p b 5 \mathstrut \phantom \vphantom \hphantom \phantom \vhpantom \hphantom \[ \sqrt{\int f(x)dx}+\sqrt{g} \neq \sqrt{\int f(x)dx}+\sqrt {\vphantom{\int f(x)dx} g} \] s Z f(x)dx + g s Z f(x)dx + s g \smash 0 \smash \vphantom 0 \vphantom \[\underbrace{a+b}+\underbrace{i+j} \neq \underbrace{\smash{a+b} \vphantom{i+j}} + \underbrace{i+j}\] a + b {z } + i + {z j } a {z + } b + i + {z j } 5.10 \phantom

144 5 \newcommand\pn[1]{\phantom{\mbox{}#1}} \begin{eqnarray*} a_{11}x_1 +a_{12}x_1 \PN{+a_{23}x_3} &=& b_1\\ a_{21}x_1 +a_{22}x_2 + a_{23}x_3 &=& b_2\\ a_{31}x_1 \PN{+a_{22}x_2}+ a_{33}x_3 &=& b_3 \end{eqnarray*} a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 1 = b 1 a 21x 1 + a 22x 2 + a 23x 3 = b 2 a 31x 1 + a 33x 3 = b 3 + \mbox 5.9.5 \frac a b a/b \[ \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{c}\neq \frac{a/b}{c} \] a b c a/b c / \begin{displaymath} \frac{\frac{a-b}{c}}{d} \neq \frac{a-b/c}{d} \neq \frac{(a-b)/c}{d} \end{displaymath} a b c d a b/c d (a b)/c d \begin{displaymath} (a+f(x))/(a-g(x)) \neq \bigl(a+f(x)\bigr)\big/ \bigl(a-g(x)\bigr) \end{displaymath} (a+f(x))/(a g(x)) `a+f(x) `a g(x)

5.9 145 5.11 \frac $f=\frac{1}{ef + ev}$ $g=\frac{f + e - v}{2}$ f = 1 ef+ev g = f+e v 2 $f=1/(ef + ev)$ $g=(f + e - v)/2$ f = 1/(ef + ev) g = (f + e v)/2 5 5.9.6 \cases amsmath cases \begin{cases} 1 \\ 2 \\... \\ n \end{cases} \( f(x) = \begin{cases} \,x & \quad(x>0)\\ \,0 & \quad(x=0)\\ \,-x & \quad(x<0) \end{cases} \) 8 >< x (x > 0) f(x) = 0 (x = 0) >: x (x < 0) \choose \choose \brack \brace \atop \choose \[ {a + b \brack x + y} \neq {a + b \brace x + y} \neq {a + b \atop x + y} \] " # ( ) a + b a + b x + y x + y a + b x + y \begin{displaymath} \frac{a+b}{x+y} \neq \binom{a+b}{x+y} \end{displaymath} a + b x + y! a + b x + y

146 5 5.9.7 \emph{fool} \(fool\) \[ fool \neq \mathit{fool}. \] fool fool fool fool. fool L A TEX $5,000\times10=50,000$ \par $5{,}000\times10=50{,}000$ 5, 000 10 = 50, 000 5,000 10 = 50,000,! \, \[ \frac{(p - 1)! (q - 1)!} {p! q! r!} \neq \frac{(p - 1)!\,(q - 1)!} {p!\,q!\,r!} \] (p 1)!(q 1)! p!q!r! (p 1)! (q 1)! p! q! r!! \textit \mathit \usepackage{amsmath} \newcommand*\temptxt{is this text mode?!} \textit{\temptxt}\\ \(\mathit{\temptxt}\)\\ \(\temptxt\)\\ \(\mathit{is\ this\ text\ mode?!}\) Is this text mode?! Isthistextmode?! Isthistextmode?! Is this text mode?!

5.9 147? 5.9.8 \begin{eqnarray} a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 + \dots + a_{1k}x_k & = & b_1 \nonumber \\ a_{21}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 + \dots + a_{1k}x_k & = & b_2 \nonumber \\ \vdots & = & \vdots \nonumber\\ a_{n1}x_1 + a_{n2}x_2 + \dots + a_{nk}x_k & = & b_n \nonumber \end{eqnarray} a 11x 1 + a 12x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 2. =.. a n1x 1 + a n2x 2 + + a nk x k = b n 5 \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{*{2}{c@{\:+\:}}% @{\cdots\:+\:}c@{\;=\;}c} a_{11}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_1\\ a_{21}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_2\\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots\\ a_{n1}x_1 & a_{n2}x_2 & a_{nk}x_k & b_n\\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} a 11x 1 + a 12x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 2. +... + +... =.. a n1x 1 + a n2x 2 + + a nk x k = b n 3 \multicolumn

148 5 \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{*{2}{c@{\:+\:}}% @{\cdots\:+\:}c@{\;=\;}c} a_{11}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_1\\ a_{21}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_2\\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{\dotfill} \\ a_{n1}x_1 & a_{n2}x_2 & a_{nk}x_k & b_n\\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 2................................. a n1 x 1 + a n2 x 2 + + a nk x k = b n 5.10 TEX TEX *2 5.10.1 TEX $y^ = x^ + x^ $ y = x + x $y^2 = x^3 + 32x^2$ y 2 = x 3 + 32x 2 *2 http://www.math.tohoku.ac.jp/texinfo.html

5.10 149 L A TEX TEX/L A TEX 5 5.10.2 f(x) x = 0 f(x) x = 0 \\ $f(x)$ $x = 0$ f(x) x = 0 f(x) x = 0 L A TEX 5.12 n v e f \ldots. n v e f.... $n$$v$ 1 $e$, 2 $f$\ldots. n v 1 e, 2 f...., $v, e, f$ \ldots. v, e, f....

第 5 章 数式 書 方 150 文書全体 句読点 全角 全角 点丸 使 場合 良 問題 以下 特性数 $v$, $e$, $f$ 半角 *3 投稿先 一貫性 重視 修正 指定 半角 適切 行分割 行 考 特性数 v, e, f \ldots. 5.11 考... 数式表現 拡張 AMSLATEX 米国数学会 American Mathematical Society 提供 AMSTEX Frank Mittelbach 氏 Rainer Schöpf 氏 AMSLATEX 呼 群 AMSLATEX LATEX amsmath *4 含 AMSLATEX 用意 AMSLATEX 次 用 数式記述用 AMSFonts *5 記号 提供 事 表現 幅 広 amsmath AMSLATEX 核 種々 amstext, amsgen, amsbsy, amsopn 含 自動的 読 込 \boldsymbol 数式記述 関 群 構成 amsbsy 数式 太字 移植 LATEX 使 命令 定義 amstext 数式中 文章 出力 描 asmcd \text 命令 定義 CD 環境 定義 amsopn 新規 演算子 定義 定義 \DeclareMathOperator 命令 amscd 可換図 描 外 amsxtra amsmath 補助的 定義 amssymb 種々 拡張的 記号 定義 *3 *4 *5 句読点問題 関 宗教論争 得 話題 奥 深 AMSLATEX 現在 2 古 1.2 良 表現 幅 広 事 一般的 原則 徐々 少 離 思 全 著者 AMSLATEX 表現方法 納得 amsfonts 本書 詳 言及 場合 更新 側面 多少 限

5.11 AMSLATEX 151 eucal Computer Modern Euler 5.13 amsmath centertags, tbtags sumlimits, nosumlimits, intlimits, nointlimits, namelimits, nonamelimits leqno, ceqno, fleqn 5 \begin{equation} \begin{split} f & = a + b + c + d \\ & + e + f + g + h \\ & = i + j \\ \end{split} \end{equation} f = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = i + j (5.4) \begin{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e \\ + g + h + i + j \\ + k + l + m + n \\ + o + p + q \end{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q (5.5) \begin{gather} a = b + c \\ c = d + f + g \end{gather} a = b + c (5.6) c = d + f + g (5.7) \begin{align} a &= b + c + d \\ f(x) &= g + h + i + j \end{align} a = b + c + d (5.8) f(x) = g + h + i + j (5.9)

152 第 5 章 数式 書 方 \begin{align} a_1 &= b + c & g_1 &= d + e \\ a_2 &= f + h & g_2 &= i + j \end{align} \begin{flalign} a_1 &= b + c & g_1 &= d + e \\ a_2 &= f + h & g_2 &= i + j \end{flalign} \begin{alignat*}{2} (a+b)^2 &= a^2+2ab+b^2 & \qquad & \text{展開 }\\ &=a(a+2b)+b^2 & & \text{$a$ 括 } \end{alignat*} AMSLATEX 複数行 数式 記述 新設 g1 = d + e (5.10) a2 = f + h g2 = i + j (5.11) a1 = b + c g1 = d + e (5.12) a2 = f + h g2 = i + j (5.13) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = a(a + 2b) + b \begin{equation} f = \begin{cases} x & \text{if $x>0$.}\\ 0 & \text{if $x=0$.}\\ -x & \text{if $x<0$.} \end{cases} \end{equation} H 5.11.1 a1 = b + c 8 > <x f= 0 > : x 既存 LATEX 括 (5.14) *6 1 列 行列 環境 用 環境 紹介 星付 *6 a 数式環境 概説 数式用 環境 数式環境 gather 1 列 中央揃 展開 if x > 0. if x = 0. if x < 0. 便利 環境 新設 調整付 環境 基本的 2 命令 修正 変更 部分 場合 番号付

5.11 AMSLATEX 153 multline 1 2 \shoveleft, \shoveright matrix cases array \hdotsfor align 1 flalign 1 align alignat split 1 5 \\ gather, multline, align, flalign, alignat * \tag \notag \tag* 5.14 \begin{align} a =& b + c + d \\ f(x) =& g + h + i + j \end{align} a =b + c + d (5.15) f(x) =g + h + i + j (5.16)

154 5 5.11.2 gather gather 1 5.15 L A TEX 2ε eqnarray gather \begin{eqnarray*} & a = b & \\ & c = b + d & \\ & d = d + e & \end{eqnarray*} 5.11.3 split split displaymath equation \begin{displaymath} \begin{split} f(x) & = x^9 + \frac{1}{9}x^8 + \frac{1}{8}x^7 + \cdots\\ & + \cdots \end{split} \end{displaymath} f(x) = x 9 + 1 9 x8 + 1 8 x7 + + \cdots AMSL A TEX \dotsc\dotsb \dotsm \dotsi \dotso $a_1, a_2, \dotsc$\\ $a_1 + a_2 + \dotsb$\\ $a_1 a_2 \dotsm$\\ $\int_{a_1}\int_{a_2}\dotsi$ a 1, a 2,... a 1 + a 2 + a 1 a 2 R a 1 Ra 2

5.11 AMSLATEX 155 5.11.4 align, flalign, alignat align 1 \begin{align} a &= b + c + d \\ f(x) &= g + h + i + j \end{align} a = b + c + d (5.17) f(x) = g + h + i + j (5.18) 5 \begin{align} a_1 &= b + c & g_1 &= d + e \\ a_2 &= f + h & g_2 &= i + j \end{align} a 1 = b + c g 1 = d + e (5.19) a 2 = f + h g 2 = i + j (5.20) flalign 1 align \begin{flalign} a_1 &= b + c & g_1 &= d + e \\ a_2 &= f + h & g_2 &= i + j \end{flalign} a 1 = b + c g 1 = d + e (5.21) a 2 = f + h g 2 = i + j (5.22) alignat \begin{alignat*}{2} (a+b)^2 &= a^2+2ab+b^2 & \qquad & \text{ }\\ &=a(a+2b)+b^2 & & \text{$a$ } \end{alignat*} (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = a(a + 2b) + b 2 a 5.11.5 multline \shoveleft \shoveright

156 5 \begin{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e \\ + g + h + i + j \\ \shoveright{+ k + l + m + n}\\ + o + p + q \end{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q (5.23) 5.16 \setlength\multlinegap{10pt} \begin{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e \\ + g + h + i + j \\ + k + l + m + n \\ + o + p + q \end{multline} \setlength\multlinegap{30pt} \begin{multline} f = a + b + c + d + e \\ + g + h + i + j \\ + k + l + m + n \\ + o + p + q \end{multline} \multlinegap 5.11.6 AMSL A TEX matrix pmatrix ( ) bmatrix [ ] Bmatrix { } vmatrix Vmatrix \begin{math} \begin{pmatrix} a_{11} & a_{11} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{pmatrix} \end{math} «a11 a 11 a 21 a 22

matrix A = 5.11 AMSLATEX 157 ( a c ) b d A = ( a b c d ) \smallmatrix $A = \left(\begin{smallmatrix} a & b\\ c & d\end{smallmatrix} \right)$ \ldots. A = ( a b c d ).... 5 5.17 5.9.8 AMSL A TEX \hdotsfor \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{*{2}{c@{\:+\:}}% @{\cdots\:+\:}c@{\;=\;}c} a_{11}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_1\\ a_{21}x_1 & a_{12}x_2 & a_{1k}x_k & b_2\\ \hdotsfor{4}\\ a_{n1}x_1 & a_{n2}x_2 & a_{nk}x_k & b_n\\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} a 11x 1 + a 12x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1k x k = b 2................................. a n1x 1 + a n2x 2 + + a nk x k = b n \hdotsfor \hdotsfor[ ]{ } 5.18 5.9.1 \substack amsmath subarray

158 5 \begin{displaymath} \sum_{\substack{i\le 1\le l \\ j\le 1 \le m\\ k\le 1 \le n}} p_i q_j r_k \neq \sum_{\begin{subarray}{l} i\le 1\le l \\ j\le 1 \le m \\ k\le 1 \le n\end{subarray}} p_i q_j r_k \end{displaymath} X i 1 l j 1 m k 1 n p i q j r k X i 1 l j 1 m k 1 n p i q j r k \substack subarray \substack 5.11.7 \begin{align} (a+b)^2 &= a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ &= a(a+2b)+b^2 \end{align} (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 (5.24) = a(a + 2b) + b 2 (5.25) \tag \begin{align} g &= (a+b)^2 \label{eq:x}\\ &= a^2+2ab+b^2 \tag{\ref{eq:x}a}\\ &= a(a+2b)+b^2 \tag{\ref{eq:x}b} \end{align} g = (a + b) 2 (5.26) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 (5.26a) = a(a + 2b) + b 2 (5.26b) subequations

5.11 数式表現 拡張 AMSLATEX 159 \begin{subequations}\label{eq:a} \begin{align} (a+b)^2 &= a^2+2ab+b^2\label{eq:b}\\ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (5.27a) &= a(a+2b)+b^2\label{eq:c} 2 = a(a + 2b) + b (5.27b) \end{align} \end{subequations} 式 (5.27) 式 (5.27a), (5.27b) 含 式~\eqref{eq:a} 式~\eqref{eq:b}, \eqref{eq:c} 含 数 式 番 号 節 (section) 子 \numberwithin 命令 使 次 AMSLATEX 出力 \numberwithin{equation}{section} 単純 section H 5.11.8 amscd \theequation equation 例 使 可換図 比較的簡単 描 事 可能 \newcommand*\end{\mathop{\mathrm{end}}} \begin{displaymath} \begin{cd} S^{{\mathcal{W}}_\Lambda} \otimes T @> j >> T\\ @VVV @VV{\End P}V\\ (S\otimes T)/I @= (Z\otimes T)/J \end{cd} \end{displaymath} amscd 再定義 増分 応 行 方法 一 \newcommand{\law}[1]{\mathop{\hbox% to3em{\rightarrowfill}}\limits#1} \newcommand{\raw}[1]{\mathop{\hbox% to3em{\leftarrowfill}}\limits#1} \newcommand{\rar}[2]{% \Bigm#1\rlap{$\scriptstyle#2$}} \newcommand{\lar}[2]{% \llap{$\scriptstyle#2$}\bigm#1} j S WΛ T?? y (S T )/I 次 T?? yend P (Z T )/J 考 5

160 5 \newcommand*\end{\mathop{\mathrm{end}}} \newcommand*\mk{\mkern-4mu} \newcommand*\leq{\hbox to 3em{$=\MK=\MK=\MK=\MK=$}} \[ \begin{array}{ccc} S^{{\mathcal{W}}_\Lambda}\otimes T & \law{^j} & T\\[1ex] \lar \downarrow{} & & \rar \uparrow{\end P}\\[1ex] (S\otimes T)/I & \Leq & (Z\otimes T)/J \end{array} \] 5.11.9 5.24 amsmath Γ \vargamma Λ \varlambda Σ \varsigma Ψ \varpsi \vardelta Ξ \varxi Υ \varupsilon Ω \varomega Θ \vartheta Π \varpi Φ \varphi 5.25 amsmath inj lim \injlim proj lim \projlim lim \varliminf lim \varlimsup lim \varinjlim lim \varprojlim 5.25 \DeclareMathOperator \DeclareMathOperator*{ }{ } \limits 5.19 \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage{type1cm,amsmath} \newcommand*\end{\mathop{\mathrm{end}}} \DeclareMathOperator{\END}{\mathrm{End}} \begin{document} \begin{align} \int \mathrm{end} x\,dx & = cx\\ \int \End x\,dx & = bx\\ \int \END x\,dx & = ax

5.11 AMSLATEX 161 \end{align} \end{document} \DeclareMathOperator \operatorname 5.26 amsmath H RR RRR \oint \iint \iiint RRRR R R \iiiint \idotsint 5 \begin{align*} \int\int f(x,y)\,dx\,dy = g(x,y)\\ \int\!\!\!\int f(x,y)\,dx\,dy = g(x,y)\\ \iint f(x,y)\,dx\,dy = g(x,y)\\ \end{align*} Z Z ZZ ZZ f(x, y) dx dy = g(x, y) f(x, y) dx dy = g(x, y) f(x, y) dx dy = g(x, y) 5.27 \dddot \ddddot... a \dddot{a} 5.27 Á \Acute{\Acute{A}} Ǎ \Check{\Check{A}} Ä \Ddot{\Ddot{A}} amsmath... a \ddddot{a} Â \Hat{\Hat{A}} Ā \Bar{\Bar{A}} À \Grave{\Grave{A}} Ă \Breve{\Breve{A}} Ȧ \Dot{\Dot{A}} A \Vec{\Vec{A}} Ã \Tilde{\Tilde{A}} 5.28 amsxtra A\sphat Ab \sphat A \spcheck A \sptilde A. \spdot A.. \spddot A... \spdddot A \spbreve

162 5 5.29 amsmath \thinspace \negthinspace \medspace \negmedspace \thickspace \negthickspace 5.11.10 5.20 align, gather, alignat aligned, gathered, alignedat \begin{equation*} \left. \begin{aligned} I &= E/R \\ E &= RI \end{aligned} \right\} \qquad \text{} \end{equation*} ) I = E/R E = RI aligned t, c, b 5.21 AMSL A TEX \intertext \begin{align*} (a+b)^2 &= a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \intertext{ } &=a(a+2b)+b^2 \\ \intertext{ $a$ } \end{align*} (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = a(a + 2b) + b 2 a

5.11 AMSLATEX 163 \\ \\ \displaybreak \displaybreak 1 4 \allowdisplaybreaks \allowdisplaybreaks \displaybreak \allowdisplaybreaks \\* 5.22 L A TEX \overrightarrow, \overleftarrow amsmath \overleftrightarrow, \underleftarrow, \underrightarrow, \underleftrightarrow 5 \begin{gather*} \overrightarrow{a + b}\\ \underleftarrow{a + b}\\ \underrightarrow{a + b}\\ \underleftrightarrow{a + b} \end{gather*} a + b a + b a + b a + b \xleftarrow \xrightarrow \xleftarrow[ ]{ } \[ A \xleftarrow{\alpha + 1} B \xrightarrow[x]{\beta -1} C \] \xrightarrow[ ]{ } A α+1 B β 1 C X 5.23 5.5.1 \overset, \underset, \sideset \overset \underset \sideset leftidx \leftidx \begin{gather*} \overset{*}{x} \neq \underset{*}{x}\\ \leftidx{_a^b}{\prod}{_c^d}\\ \sideset{_a^b}{_c^d}{\prod} \end{gather*} X X b dy a c b Y d a c

164 5 5.11.11 L A TEX \frac \textstyle \tfrac \displaystyle \dfrac \[ \frac{r}{i} \neq \dfrac{r}{i} \neq \tfrac{r}{i} \] R I R I R I 5.24 \frac \binom \dbinom \tbinom \[ \binom{k}{1} \neq \dbinom{k}{1} \neq \tbinom{k}{1} \]!! k k 1 1 `k 1 \genfrac \genfrac{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ } 0 3 \displaystyle, \textstyle, \scriptstyle, \scriptscriptstyle \frac, \tfrac, \binom \genfrac \newcommand\frac[2]{\genfrac{}{}{}{}{#1}{#2}} \newcommand\tfrac[2]{\genfrac{}{}{}{1}{#1}{#2}} \newcommand\binom[2]{\genfrac{(}{)}{0pt}{}{#1}{#2}} \cfrac \begin{displaymath} \cfrac{1}{x+ \cfrac{1}{x+ \cfrac{1}{x+\dotsb} } } \end{displaymath} x + 1 x + 1 1 x +

5.12 txfonts/pxfonts 165 5.11.12 AMSFonts AMSFonts amssymb *7 5.30 AMSFonts \dotplus \boxtimes \curlywedge \smallsetminus \boxdot \curlyvee \Cap \boxplus \circleddash \Cup \divideontimes \circledast \barwedge \ltimes \circledcirc \veebar \rtimes \centerdot \doublebarwedge \leftthreetimes \intercal \boxminus \rightthreetimes 5 5.12 txfonts/pxfonts Young Ryu txfonts/pxfonts 5 txfonts/pxfonts \usefont \symbol \newcommand*\mytxsyc[1]{\text{% \usefont{u}{txsyc}{m}{n}% \symbol{#1}}} \newcommand*\multimapdotbotha {\mytxsyc{"17}} \newcommand*\circleddotleft {\mathrel{\mytxsyc{"93}}}%" \begin{eqnarray*} x \multimapdotbotha y & \neq & x \mathrel{\multimapdotbotha} y\\ x \circleddotleft y \\ \end{eqnarray*} x y x y x y *7 amssymb amsfonts

166 5 5.31 AMSFonts \leqq \precapprox \thicksim \leqslant \vartriangleleft \thickapprox \eqslantless \trianglelefteq \supseteqq \lesssim \vdash \Supset \lessapprox \Vvdash \sqsupset \approxeq \smallsmile \succcurlyeq \lessdot \smallfrown \curlyeqsucc \lll \bumpeq \succsim \lessgtr \Bumpeq \succapprox \lesseqgtr \geqq \vartriangleright \lesseqqgtr \geqslant \trianglerighteq \doteqdot \eqslantgtr \Vdash \risingdotseq \gtrsim \shortmid \fallingdotseq \gtrapprox \shortparallel \backsim \gtrdot \between \backsimeq \ggg \pitchfork \subseteqq \gtrless \varpropto \Subset \gtreqless \blacktriangleleft \sqsubset \gtreqqless \therefore \preccurlyeq \eqcirc \backepsilon \curlyeqprec \circeq \blacktriangleright \precsim \triangleq \because \circleddotleft \mathrel \multimapdotbotha \mathrel Computer Modern

5.12 txfonts/pxfonts 167 5.32 AMSFonts \nless \ntriangleleft \nsucceq \nleq \ntrianglelefteq \succnsim \nleqslant \nsubseteq \succnapprox \nleqq \subsetneq \ncong \lneq \varsubsetneq \nshortparallel \lneqq \subsetneqq \nparallel \lvertneqq \varsubsetneqq \nvdash \lnsim \ngtr \nvdash \lnapprox \ngeq \ntriangleright \nprec \ngeqslant \ntrianglerighteq \npreceq \ngeqq \nsupseteq \precnsim \gneq \nsupseteqq \precnapprox \gneqq \supsetneq \nsim \gvertneqq \varsupsetneq \nshortmid \gnsim \supsetneqq \nmid \gnapprox \varsupsetneqq \nvdash \nsucc \nvdash \nsucceq 5 5.33 AMSFonts \dashrightarrow \Lsh \rightarrowtail \dashleftarrow \upuparrows \looparrowright \leftleftarrows \upharpoonleft \rightleftharpoons \leftrightarrows \downharpoonleft \curvearrowright \Lleftarrow \multimap \circlearrowright \twoheadleftarrow \leftrightsquigarrow \Rsh \leftarrowtail \rightrightarrows \downdownarrows \looparrowleft \rightleftarrows \upharpoonright \leftrightharpoons \rightrightarrows \downharpoonright \curvearrowleft \rightleftarrows \rightsquigarrow \circlearrowleft \twoheadrightarrow 5.34 AMSFonts \nleftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow

168 5 5.35 AMSFonts Ϝ \digamma ℶ \beth ג \gimel κ \varkappa ℸ \daleth 5.36 AMSFonts \ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner 5.37 AMSFonts \hbar \nexists \blacksquare ħ \hslash \mho \blacklozenge \vartriangle Ⅎ \Finv \bigstar \triangledown \Game \sphericalangle \square k \Bbbk \complement \lozenge \backprime ð \eth S \circleds \varnothing \diagup \angle \blacktriangle \diagdown \measuredangle \blacktriangledown 5.38 \checkmark R \circledr \maltese Y= \yen 5.39 txfonts/pxfonts \medcirc \nplus \sqcapplus \medbullet \boxast \rhd \invamp \boxbslash \lhd \circledwedge \boxbar \unrhd \circledvee \boxslash \unlhd \circledbar \Wr \circledbslash \sqcupplus

5.12 txfonts/pxfonts 169 5.40 txfonts/pxfonts α \alphaup ν \nuup ω \omegaup β \betaup ξ \xiup \Diamond γ \gammaup π \piup \Diamonddot δ \deltaup ϖ \varpiup \Diamondblack ɛ \epsilonup ρ \rhoup ƛ \lambdaslash ε \varepsilonup ϱ \varrhoup ƛ \lambdabar ζ \zetaup σ \sigmaup \varclubsuit η \etaup ς \varsigmaup \vardiamondsuit θ \thetaup τ \tauup \varheartsuit ϑ \varthetaup υ \upsilonup \varspadesuit ι \iotaup φ \phiup \Top κ \kappaup ϕ \varphiup \Bot λ \lambdaup χ \chiup µ \muup ψ \psiup 5 5.41 txfonts/pxfonts \bignplus \sqint \oiintctrclockwise \bigsqcupplus \sqiintop \oiintclockwise \bigsqcapplus \sqiiintop \varoiintctrclockwise \bigsqcap \fint \varoiintclockwise \bigsqcap \iint \oiiintctrclockwise \varprod \iiint \oiiintclockwise \oiint \iiiint \varoiiintctrclockwise \oiiint \idotsint \varoiiintclockwise \ointctrclockwise \varointctrclockwise \ointclockwise \varointclockwise 5.42 txfonts/pxfonts \llbracket \rrbracket \lbag \rbag 5.43 txfonts/pxfonts \varg \varv \varw \vary

170 5 5.44 txfonts/pxfonts \mappedfrom \ngtrless \Join \longmappedfrom \nlessgtr \openjoin \Mapsto \nbumpeq \lrtimes = \Longmapsto \nbumpeq \opentimes \Mappedfrom \nbacksim \nsqsubset = \Longmappedfrom \nbacksimeq \nsqsupset \mmapsto \ne \dashleftarrow \longmmapsto \nasymp \dashrightarrow \mmappedfrom \nequiv \dashleftrightarrow \longmmappedfrom \nsim \leftsquigarrow \Mmapsto \napprox \ntwoheadrightarrow = \Longmmapsto \nsubset \ntwoheadleftarrow \Mmappedfrom \nsupset \Nearrow = \Longmmappedfrom \nll \Searrow \varparallel \ngg \Nwarrow \varparallelinv \nthickapprox \Swarrow \nvarparallel \napproxeq \Perp \nvarparallelinv \nprecapprox \leadstoext \colonapprox \nsuccapprox \leadsto \colonsim \npreceqq \boxright \Colonapprox \nsucceqq \boxleft \Colonsim \nsimeq \boxdotright. = \doteq / \notin \boxdotleft \multimapinv \notni \Diamondright \multimapboth \nsubset \Diamondleft \multimapdot \nsupset \Diamonddotright \multimapdotinv \nsqsubseteq \Diamonddotleft \multimapdotboth \nsqsupseteq \boxright \multimapdotbotha \coloneqq \boxleft \multimapdotbothb \eqqcolon \boxdotright \VDash \coloneq \boxdotleft \VvDash \eqcolon \DiamondRight = \cong \Coloneqq \DiamondLeft \preceqq \Eqqcolon \DiamonddotRight \succeqq \Coloneq \DiamonddotLeft \nprecsim \Eqcolon \circleright \nsuccsim \strictif \circleleft \nlesssim \strictfi \circleddotright \ngtrsim \strictiff \circleddotleft \nlessapprox \circledless \multimapbothvert \ngtrapprox \circledgtr \multimapdotbothvert \npreccurlyeq \ljoin \multimapdotbothavert \nsucccurlyeq \rjoin \multimapdotbothbvert

171 6 6.1 1 1 38

172 6 5 6 5.6 6.2 L A TEX table figure L A TEX (float) 6.1 (table) tabular 6.1 table table figure (figure) picture figure table figure L A TEX 6.2 table figure figure \begin{figure}[htbp]

6.3 173 6.2 h t b p! \end{figure} 6 \caption figure/table \caption{ }\label{ } \caption \caption figure table 3.8 \ref \label 6.3 L A TEX tabbing tabular array tabular

174 6 array 5.5.5 tabbing tabular tabular tabular \begin{tabular}{ } 11 &... & 1n \\. &... &. \\ m1 &... & mn \end{tabular} tabular tablar 6.3 tabular 6.3 tabular l 1 c 1 r 1 2 @{ } 1 p{ } *{ }{ } & \\ 1 3 \begin{tabular}{ccc} \LaTeX\,2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX\,3\\ \end{tabular} L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3 \hline \vline 6.4 \hline \multicolumn

6.3 175 6.4 tabular \hline \hline\hline \vline \cline{ } \multicolumn{ } { }{ } 2 \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \hline\hline \multicolumn{3}{ c }{{\LaTeX}}\\ \hline \LaTeX\,2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX\,3\\ \cline{2-3} \end{tabular} L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3 6 \begin{tabular}{ ccc c c } \hline & \multicolumn{1}{ c}{ } & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \\ & \multicolumn{1}{ c }{} & & & \\ \cline{2-2} & & & & \\\cline{1-2} & \multicolumn{1}{c }{} & & & \\ \cline{2-2} & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{table}[htpb] \begin{center} \caption{ }\label{tab:tabular:example} \begin{tabular}{llcr}

176 6 \hline & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline \LaTeX & \LaTeX\,2.09 & {\LaTeXe}& \LaTeX\,3 \\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} 6.5 6.5 1 2 3 L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3 6.1 mytab \newenvironment{mytab}[3][htbp] {\begin{table}[#1]\begin{center}\caption{#2}\label{#3}} {\end{center}\end{table}} \begin{mytab}[htbp]{ }{tab:hoge} \begin{tabular}{lll} \LaTeX\,2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX\,3\\ \end{tabular} \end{mytab} 6.2 3.3 \maketitle \and tabular \newcommand \AND{\end{tabular}\hspace{1zw}\begin{tabular}[t]{c}} \newcommand \makeauthor[1]{% \begin{center}\begin{tabular}[t]{c}#1\end{tabular}\end{center}} \makeauthor{ \\ \\ \AND \\ \\ \AND \\ \\ }

6.3 177 6.3.1 tabular \footnotemark \footnotetext \footnotemark[ ] \footnotetext[ ]{ } \footnotemark \footnotetext \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \hline \footnotemark[1] & \footnotemark[2] & \footnotemark[3]\\ \hline \end{tabular} \footnotetext[1]{.} \footnotetext[2]{.} \footnotetext[3]{.} \\ * 1 * 2 * 3 a. b. c. 6 \begin{tabular}{ c c c }\hline ${}^{a}$ & ${}^{b}$ & ${}^{c}$ \\ \hline \end{tabular} {\footnotesize \\ $^{a}$.\\ $^{b}$.\\ $^{c}$.} a b c a. b. c. 6.3.2 tabular tabular \begin{tabular}[ ]{ } \end{tabular}

178 6 tabular t b c \newcommand{\testtab}[1][c]{~ ~ \begin{tabular}[#1]{ c } \hline \\ \\ \hline\end{tabular}} \testtab \testtab[t] \testtab[b] 6.3.3 booktabs (typical) \begin{tabular}{ l l l } \hline & & \\ \hline\hline & TWS01 & 1000 \\ \hline & SP01 & 5000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} TWS01 1000 SP01 5000 \begin{tabular}{lll} \hline & & \\ \hline & TWS01 & 1000 \\ & SP01 & 5000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} TWS01 1000 SP01 5000 Simon Fear booktabs \toprule \midrule \bottomrule \cmidrule { } \toprule \midrule \bottomrule

6.3 179 \usepackage{booktabs} \begin{tabular}{lll} \toprule & & \\ \midrule & 02A & 3 \\ & 55B & 2 \\ & X2B & 5 \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} 02A 3 55B 2 X2B 5 \cmidrule \cmidrule \multicolumn \usepackage{booktabs} \begin{tabular}{lll} \toprule \multicolumn{2}{c}{ } & \\ \cmidrule{1-2} & & \\ \midrule & 02A & 3 \\ & 55B & 2 \\ & X2B & 5 \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} 02A 3 55B 2 X2B 5 6 6.3.4 dcolumn tabular \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{ l r@{.}l } $\sqrt{157}$ & 12 & 53 \\ $\pi$ & 3 & 141592 \\ \end{tabular} \end{center} 157 12.53 π 3.141592 David Carlisle dcolumn D{ TEX }{ DVI }{ } \newcolumntype{ }{ }

180 6. \usepackage{dcolumn} \begin{center} \newcolumntype{.}{d{.}{.}{6}} \begin{tabular}{ l. } $\sqrt{157}$ & 12.53 \\ $\pi$ & 3.141592 \\ \end{tabular} \end{center} 157 12.53 π 3.141592 tabular D. 6.3.5 multirow array/tabular \begin{tabular}{lll} \multicolumn{2}{c}{ } & \\ & & \\ \end{tabular} Jerry Jeichter Piet Oostrum multirow \multirow{ }{ }{ } \multirow{ }*{ } LR \usepackage{multirow} \begin{tabular}{ l l l } \hline \multicolumn{2}{ c }{ } & \\ \hline & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}

6.3 181 \begin{tabular}{ l l } \hline \multirow{2}*{ } & \\ & \\ \hline & \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1 3 \begin{tabular}{ c l } \hline \multirow{4}{1zw}{ } & \\ & \\ & \\ & \\ \hline & \\ \hline \end{tabular} 6 6.3.6 longtable David Carlisle longtable longtable longtable table longtable \endfirsthead \endhead \endfoot \endlastfoot 6.1

182 6 \documentclass[a4j,11pt,papersize]{jsarticle} \usepackage{longtable} \newcommand\hoge[1][0]{% #1-0 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-1 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-2 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-3 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-4 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-5 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-6 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-7 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-8 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ #1-9 & 32892378923894832894 & 1000 \\ } \begin{document} % \jobname.aux longtable % 2 \newcommand\mytablehead{\hline & & \\} \begin{longtable}{ l l l } \caption{ \tablab{longtable}} % \endfirsthead \hline \multicolumn{3}{ c }{}\\ \mytablehead \hline % \endhead \hline \multicolumn{3}{ c }{ }\\ \hline % \endfoot \multicolumn{3}{ c }{ }\\ \hline % \endlastfoot % \mytablehead \hline \hoge[1] \hoge[2] \hoge[3] \hoge[4] \hoge[5] \hoge[6] \hoge[7] \hoge[8] \hoge[9] \hoge[10] \hoge[11] \hoge[12] \hoge[13] \hline \end{longtable} \end{document}

6.3 183 1: 1-0 32892378923894832894 1000 1-1 32892378923894832894 1000 1-2 32892378923894832894 1000 1-3 32892378923894832894 1000 1-4 32892378923894832894 1000 1-5 32892378923894832894 1000 1-6 32892378923894832894 1000 1-7 32892378923894832894 1000 1-8 32892378923894832894 1000 1-9 32892378923894832894 1000 2-0 32892378923894832894 1000 2-1 32892378923894832894 1000 2-2 32892378923894832894 1000 2-3 32892378923894832894 1000 2-4 32892378923894832894 1000 2-5 32892378923894832894 1000 2-6 32892378923894832894 1000 2-7 32892378923894832894 1000 2-8 32892378923894832894 1000 2-9 32892378923894832894 1000 3-0 32892378923894832894 1000 3-1 32892378923894832894 1000 3-2 32892378923894832894 1000 3-3 32892378923894832894 1000 3-4 32892378923894832894 1000 3-5 32892378923894832894 1000 3-6 32892378923894832894 1000 3-7 32892378923894832894 1000 3-8 32892378923894832894 1000 3-9 32892378923894832894 1000 4-0 32892378923894832894 1000 4-1 32892378923894832894 1000 4-2 32892378923894832894 1000 4-3 32892378923894832894 1000 4-4 32892378923894832894 1000 4-5 32892378923894832894 1000 4-6 32892378923894832894 1000 4-7 32892378923894832894 1000 4-8 32892378923894832894 1000 4-9 32892378923894832894 1000 5-0 32892378923894832894 1000 5-1 32892378923894832894 1000 5-2 32892378923894832894 1000 5-3 32892378923894832894 1000 5-4 32892378923894832894 1000 5-5 32892378923894832894 1000 5-6 32892378923894832894 1000 5-7 32892378923894832894 1000 5-8 32892378923894832894 1000 5-9 32892378923894832894 1000 6-0 32892378923894832894 1000 6-1 32892378923894832894 1000 6-2 32892378923894832894 1000 6-3 32892378923894832894 1000 6-4 32892378923894832894 1000 6-5 32892378923894832894 1000 6-6 32892378923894832894 1000 6-7 32892378923894832894 1000 6-8 32892378923894832894 1000 6-9 32892378923894832894 1000 7-0 32892378923894832894 1000 7-1 32892378923894832894 1000 7-2 32892378923894832894 1000 7-3 32892378923894832894 1000 7-4 32892378923894832894 1000 6 1 2 7-5 32892378923894832894 1000 7-6 32892378923894832894 1000 7-7 32892378923894832894 1000 7-8 32892378923894832894 1000 7-9 32892378923894832894 1000 8-0 32892378923894832894 1000 8-1 32892378923894832894 1000 8-2 32892378923894832894 1000 8-3 32892378923894832894 1000 8-4 32892378923894832894 1000 8-5 32892378923894832894 1000 8-6 32892378923894832894 1000 8-7 32892378923894832894 1000 8-8 32892378923894832894 1000 8-9 32892378923894832894 1000 9-0 32892378923894832894 1000 9-1 32892378923894832894 1000 9-2 32892378923894832894 1000 9-3 32892378923894832894 1000 9-4 32892378923894832894 1000 9-5 32892378923894832894 1000 9-6 32892378923894832894 1000 9-7 32892378923894832894 1000 9-8 32892378923894832894 1000 9-9 32892378923894832894 1000 10-0 32892378923894832894 1000 10-1 32892378923894832894 1000 10-2 32892378923894832894 1000 10-3 32892378923894832894 1000 10-4 32892378923894832894 1000 10-5 32892378923894832894 1000 10-6 32892378923894832894 1000 10-7 32892378923894832894 1000 10-8 32892378923894832894 1000 10-9 32892378923894832894 1000 11-0 32892378923894832894 1000 11-1 32892378923894832894 1000 11-2 32892378923894832894 1000 11-3 32892378923894832894 1000 11-4 32892378923894832894 1000 11-5 32892378923894832894 1000 11-6 32892378923894832894 1000 11-7 32892378923894832894 1000 11-8 32892378923894832894 1000 11-9 32892378923894832894 1000 12-0 32892378923894832894 1000 12-1 32892378923894832894 1000 12-2 32892378923894832894 1000 12-3 32892378923894832894 1000 12-4 32892378923894832894 1000 12-5 32892378923894832894 1000 12-6 32892378923894832894 1000 12-7 32892378923894832894 1000 12-8 32892378923894832894 1000 12-9 32892378923894832894 1000 13-0 32892378923894832894 1000 13-1 32892378923894832894 1000 13-2 32892378923894832894 1000 13-3 32892378923894832894 1000 13-4 32892378923894832894 1000 13-5 32892378923894832894 1000 13-6 32892378923894832894 1000 13-7 32892378923894832894 1000 13-8 32892378923894832894 1000 13-9 32892378923894832894 1000 3 4 6.1 longtable

184 6 6.3.7 tabularx L A TEX 2ε array/tabular p{ } David Carlisle tabularx tabularx \begin{tabularx}{ }{ } \end{tabularx} \documentclass[a4j,10pt,papersize]{jsarticle} \usepackage{tabularx} \makeatletter \def\hoge{\@tempcnta=\z@ \@whilenum \@tempcnta<10\do{% \advance\@tempcnta\@ne} } \makeatother \begin{document} \hoge% \begin{center} \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ X X X } \hline \hoge & \hoge & \hoge \\ \hline \end{tabularx} \end{center} \hoge% \begin{center} \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ r l X l X } \hline & & & & \\ \hline & 500 & \hoge & 59A & \hoge \\ \hline & 300 & \hoge & 9JA & \hoge \\ \hline \end{tabularx} \end{center} \hoge% \end{document}

6.3 185 6.2 500 59A 300 9JA 6 6.2 tabularx tabularx X tabularx X 6.3.8 L A TEX GUI L A TEX tabular Microsoft Excel Excel2tabular *1 Microsoft Excel L A TEX Microsoft Excel OpenOffice.org Calc Calc2L A TEX *2 Calc tabular L A TEX *1 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/i/love/e2t/ *2 http://web.hc.keio.ac.jp/~mr041754/calc2latex/indexj.html

186 6 L A TEX Excel Hans-Peter Doerr exceltex *3 Perl 6.4 2 L A TEX picture L A TEX picture picture epic, eepic, pict2e picture L A TEX [34] L A TEX [35] BMP, JPEG, PNG, EPS, PDF L A TEX graphicx L A TEX PDF Dvipdfmx PostScript dvips DVI PDF Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx BMP, JPEG, PNG, EPDF PDF, EPS DVI PDF PDF Dvipdfmx L A TEX PDF Dvipdfmx L A TEX EPS Dvipdfmx *3 http://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/text/ctan/macros/latex/contrib/exceltex/

6.5 187 6.5 L A TEX L A TEX 6.5.1 6.6 2006 4 Ghostscript 6 6.6 xdvi dvips Dvipdfmx dviout EPS* EPS EPS*, EPDF, PNG, BMP, JPEG EPS*, Susie plug-in L A TEX graphicx Dvipdfmx dvipdfmx \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} graphicx dvipdfmx.def dvipdfmx.def URL $texmf/tex/latex/graphics/ *4 TEX/L A TEX 2006 dvipdfmx dvipdfm Dvipdfmx PDF *5 *4 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/dvipdfmx.def *5 TEX

188 6 \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} Unix OS PostScript dvips graphicx dvipsk pdvips dvips xdvi Windows dviout Windows dviout dviout dviout dviout GRAPHIC/LATEX2E/dviout.def $texmf/tex/latex/graphics/ *6 EPS 1 EPS PDF Dvipdfmx 6.5.2 L A TEX 1. PDF EPS 2. graphicx 3. graphicx PostScript dvips PDF Dvipdfmx dvipdfmx 4. EPS L A TEX 5. \includegraphics Dvipdfmx L A TEX *6 dviout EPS Ghostscript EPS PPM dviout Ghostscript

6.5 189 Dvipdfmx JPEG PNG PDF, BMP filename.img filename.bb graphicx Dvipdfm ebb filenam.bb JPEG, PNG, PDF *7 JPEG PNG PDF EPS PDF 6 $ ebb filename.jpg.bb filename.bb filename.bb %%Title:./filename.jpg %%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 %%CreationDate: Tue Dec 30 13:04:10 2003 filename.bb filename.bb \includegraphics[bb={0 0 595 842}]{filename.jpg}. filename.png 8.3 6.3 image.png ebb image.png image.png image.bb image.bb image.bb *7 ebb identify file Windows Mac OS X

190 6 %%Title:./image.png %%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 841 BoundingBox \documentclass[papersize]{jsarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \begin{document} \centering \includegraphics[width=4cm]{image.png} \end{document} DVI Dvipdfmx PDF image.png PDF 6.5.3 \includegraphics \includegraphics[ ]{ } height= totalheight= width= scale= angle= origin= bb= bb=0 0 640 480 (0,0) 640 480 viewport= trim= noclip

6.5 191 clip draft keepaspectratio graphicx 6.4 images gnu-head.pdf gnu-head.bb 6 \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=3cm] {images/gnu-head} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=2cm, trim=20 20 20 20] {images/gnu-head} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=2cm, clip,viewport=131 304 459 548] {images/gnu-head} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=2cm,angle=30, clip,viewport=131 304 459 548] {images/gnu-head}

第 6 章 図表 構成 192 \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=2cm,angle=90, clip,viewport=131 304 459 548] {images/gnu-head} H 6.5.4 図 画像 拡大 回転等 操作 90 回転 反時計回 命令 使 事 場合 \rotatebox \rotatebox[h設定i]{h角度i}{h要素i} 任意引数 \includegraphics \rotatebox 図 限 要素 表 可能 回転 以下 origin=h 使 angle 事 i 要素 回転 原点 指定 h設定i 項目 指定 左 l 右 r 中央 c x=h長 i x 方向 原点 位置 直接h長 i 指定 y=h長 i y 方向 原点 位置 直接h長 i 指定 要素 拡大縮小 列 文字 }? 回 \rotatebox[origin=b]{50}{ \rotatebox{30}{?} } 転 \rotatebox{70}{文字列 } \rotatebox[origin=c]{60}{回 転 \scalebox 使 \scalebox{h横 拡大率i}[h縦 拡大率i]{h要素i} 長 指定 拡大縮小 \scalebox{2.3}{拡大縮小}\par \scalebox{3}[1]{拡大縮小} 要素 反転 上部 t 下部 b h拡大率i 同 \reflectbox \reflectbox{h要素i} 拡大縮小 使

LATEX LATEX 2ε 6.5 193 \reflectbox{}\par \reflectbox{ }\par \scalebox{-1}[1]{ } \resizebox \resizebox{ }{ }{ }! \resizebox{!}{1cm}{ }\par \resizebox{3cm}{!}{ } 6 \rotatebox \scalebox \reflectbox \resizebox minipage \newcommand{\testtab}{% \begin{tabular}{ c } \hline \LaTeX\\ \LaTeXe \\ \hline \end{tabular}} \rotatebox{80}{\testtab}~ \reflectbox{\testtab} L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 6.5.5 Dvipdfmx EPS Dvipdfmx PDF JPEG PNG BMP MetaPost EPS PDF L A TEX \includegraphics EPS Dvipdfmx DVI PDF Ghostscript EPS EPDF Dvipdfmx EPS EPDF PDF EPS EPDF EPS Ghostscript pdfwrite

194 6 epstopdf ps2pdf *8 epstopdf PDF EPS BoundingBox ps2pdf PDF BoundingBox 2006 4 eps2pdfs #!/bin/bash EPS= ls *.eps ; for fig in $EPS; do epstopdf $fig $f= basename $fig.eps grep "^%%BoundingBox:" $fig > $f.bb done eps2pdfs PATH /usr/local/bin/ $ eps2pdfs EPS PDF file.eps file.pdf file.bb 6.5.6 PDF BoundingBox PDF Heiko Oberdiek pdfcrop PDF pdftex, Perl, Ghostscript $ pdfcrop input.pdf input-crop.pdf PDF BoundingBox pdfinfo pdfinfo Creator: TeX Producer: pdftex-1.10b CreationDate: Sat Apr 15 21:23:00 2006 *8 Vine Linux ps2jpdf PDF apt-get update; apt-get install ps2jpdf

6.5 195 Tagged: no Pages: 1 Encrypted: no Page size: 416 x 40 pts File size: 7995 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4 pdfcrop Page size: BoundingBox makebb *9 416 x 40 pts #!/bin/sh # cd $1; # PNG BoudingBox ebb for f in ls *.png ; do if [ -f basename $f.png.bb ] ; then echo "already basename $f.png.bb exits." else ebb -v $f; fi done # JPEG BoundingBox ebb for f in ls *.jpg ; do if [ -f basename $f.jpg.bb ] ; then echo "already basename $f.jpg.bb exits." else ebb -v $f; fi done # PDF BoundingBox pdfinfo for f in ls *.pdf ; do if [ -f basename $f.pdf.bb ] ; then echo "already basename $f.pdf.bb exits." else echo "creating basename $f.pdf.bb..." pdfinfo $f grep -e Page size: \ sed -e s/x//; s/page size:/\%\%boundingbox: 0 0 /; s/pts//; \ > basename $f.pdf.bb fi done 6 *9 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/makebb

196 6 makebb img img PNG, JPEG, PDF BoundingBox sed Perl 6.5.7 dvips Dvipdfmx dvipsk Dvipdfmx Unix OS PostScript PDF images image.eps image.pdf images.bb \includegraphics \includegraphics[width=3cm]{images/gnu-head} graphicx dvips EPS dvipdfmx PDF graphicx %\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} % dvipsk \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} % Dvipdfmx 6.5.8 \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=10cm]{images/file.eps} \caption{ }\label{fig:samplefig} \end{center} \end{figure} myfig \newcommand{myfig}[4][width=.8\linewidth]{% \begin{figure}[htbp]% \centering\includegraphics[#1]{#2}% \caption{#3}\label{fig:#4}% \end{figure}}

6.5 197 ~\ref{fig:sample} \myfig[width=100pt,clip]{images/file.eps}{ }{sample} DVI 3.1 6.5.9 6 L A TEX Dvipdfmx JPEG, PNG, BMP, EPS, PDF EPS PDF Windows PrimoPDF Mac OS X OS PDF Adobe Acrobat Acrobat 6.5.10 6.5.9 L A TEX graphicx * 10 Illustrator Adobe PDF *10

198 6 Photoshop Gnuplot [Acrobat 4 (PDF 1.3)] [ ] Adobe PDF PDF Illustrator Adobe Acrobat \includegraphics trim [ ] [ ] Photoshop PDF PostScript, PSTricks, Tgif, Illustrator, eepic, METAFONT, METAPOST Octave MATLAB GPL Gnuplot Gnuplot eepic Gnuplot set output plotfile1.tex \\ set term eepic rotated dashed\\ plot x plotfile1.tex eepic L A TEX \documentclass[dvipdfmx]{jsarticle} \usepackage{graphicx,color,epic,eepic,amssymb} \begin{document} \input{plotfile1} \end{document} R graphicx, epic, eepic, amssymb \input plotfile1.tex GPL PostScript, PDF, PicTEX, Xfig, PNG, JPEG pdf()\\ plot(rnorm(10))\\ dev.off() R PDF Rplots.pdf

6.5 199 Tgif William Chia-Wei Cheng QPL EPS PDF PDF Ghostscript Mac OS X Mac OS X PDF PDF L A TEX Keynotes, Pages, Grapher, OmniGraffle [ ] [ ] [PDF] PDF [ ] [ ] [ ] PDF Mathematica [ ] [ ] [TeX(X)] L A TEX 2ε EPS filename.eps Mathematica EPS L A TEX filename.eps %%BoundingBox: 91.5625 3.1875 321.938 190 6 2 x 0 y 0 x y MATLAB MATLAB [ ] [] EPS Level 2 Illustrator PDF Adobe Acrobat Dvipdfmx PDF PDF Adobe Acrobat PDF

第 6 章 図表 構成 200 図 張 込 6.6 H 6.6.1 際 工夫 図 二 横 並 2 段組 場合 事 開 二 1 段組 場合 一 図 minipage 環境 使 (a) 図 両脇 挿入 (b) 以下 入力 例 \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth} \centering% 図 (a) 入 {\small (a) 初期値$c=0.6$} \end{minipage} \hfill \begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth} \centering% 図 (b) 入 {\small (b) 初期値$c=1.0$} \end{minipage} \caption{1段組 横 図 二 並 } \end{figure} 両方 図 番号 別 同様 記述 Steven Douglas Cochran 氏 事 二 以上横 並 使 subfigure (b) 初期値 c = 1.0 図 6.3 長 簡単 記述 (a) 初期値 c = 0.6 x 問題 6.5 等 環境 1 段組 横 図 二 並 時々 文章幅 保持 長 事 次 入力 実際 自分 使 環境 文章幅 \linewidth 図 張 込 結果 吟味

6.6 201 \begin{quote} linewidth $=$ \the\linewidth\par \begin{quote} linewidth $=$ \the\linewidth \end{quote} \end{quote} linewidth = 135.81981pt linewidth = 117.32607pt \includegraphics[width=.47\linewidth]{images/gnu-head}\\ 6.6 \includegraphics \graphicspath 6 \graphicspath{ } images pictures \graphicspath \graphicspath{{images/}{geolay/}} 6.6.2 labelfig EPS Raymond Séroul Laurent Siebenmann labelfig \SetLabels \endsetlabels \ShowGrid \strut\affixlabels \SetLabels \endsetlabels \ShowGrid

202 6 \AffixLabels ( 0 1 * 0 1 ) \\ (0.5*0.3) 0 1 \T \E \B \L, \R \ShowGrid draft graphicx draft final % draft %\documentclass[draft,a4j,11pt,papersize]{jsarticle} % draft \documentclass[a4j,11pt,papersize]{jsarticle} % graphicx final % labelfig \usepackage[final]{graphicx} \usepackage{labelfig} 6.4 \GridLineWidth \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} \GridLineWidth{.2pt} \SetLabels \T\L(.8*.45) \\ \T\L(.2*.9) \\ \T\L(.7*.9) \\ \T\L(.75*.3) \\ \T\L(.65*.1) \\ \T\L(.3*.6) \\ \T\L(.7*.6) \\ \endsetlabels \ifdraft \ShowGrid \fi \strut\affixlabels{\includegraphics{images/gnu-head}}% \caption{\y{labelfig} \label{fig:you}}% \end{center} \end{figure}

6.7 203.8.6.4.2 6.2.4.6.8 6.4 labelfig 6.7 L A TEX graphicx 1 graphicx 6.4 L A TEX \special L A TEX TEX L A TEX picture 6.7.1 L A TEX verbatim verbatim DVI * 11 *11 plain2 LATEX

204 6 6.7 \begin{verbatim} a / \ / \ b c / \ / \ d e f g \end{verbatim} a / \ / \ b c / \ / \ d e f g 6.7.2 3 2 + 1 Illustrator Illustrator Illustrator n i P i = (x i, y i ) 6.1 6.2 n 1 P (u) = P i B i,n (u) (6.1) B(u) = i=0 n! i! (n i)! ui (1 u) n i (6.2) Type1 2 P 0 = ( 1, 1) P 1 = (0, 0) P 2 = (1, 1) 6.1 6.2 P (u) = P 0 B 0,2 + P 1 B 1,2 + P 1 B 1,2 = P 0 (1 u) 2 + P 1 2u(1 u) + P 2 u 2 (6.3)

6.7 205 6.3 u 3 6.5 L A TEX picture y P 0 P 2 P 1 O x 6 6.5 L A TEX 6.7.3 picture L A TEX picture picture \unitlength \begin{picture}(x,y)(x 0,y 0 ) \end{picture} picture picture (x,y) (x 0,y 0 ) (x,y) picture x y (x 0,y 0 ) \put \multiput x y \unitlength

206 6 \put(x,y){ } \multiput(x,y)( x, y){ }{ } \put (x,y) \multiput (x,y) ( x, y) ( x, y) 2 \qbezier \qbezier(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 )(x 3,y 3 ) (x 1,y 1 ) (x 2,y 2 ) (x 3,y 3 ) 2 \line(x,y){ } \vector(x,y){ } \circle*{ } \oval(, )[ ] \line (x,y) \vector \line \circle* * \oval \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(40,30) \put(10,10){\line(1,1){10}} \put(10,0){\vector(1,1){10}} \put(20,20){\circle{5}} \end{picture} \oval t b l r

6.7 207 \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(50,30) \put(8,12){\oval(10,15)[tl]} \put(8,8){\oval(10,15)[bl]} \put(10,10){\oval(10,15)} \put(12,12){\oval(10,15)[tr]} \put(12,8){\oval(10,15)[br]} \end{picture} picture \thinlines \thicklines \thinilnes \thicklines picture 6 \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(50,30) \thicklines \put(10,10){\line(1,1){10}} \put(10,20){\vector(1,1){10}} \thinlines \put(10,0){\vector(1,1){10}} \put(20,20){\circle{5}} \end{picture} 6.8 6.5 picture \setlength{\unitlength}{1cm} \begin{picture}(6,4)(0,0) \put(0,2){\vector(1,0){6}} \put(6.2,2){\makebox(0,0)[b]{$x$}} \put(3,0){\vector(0,1){4}} \put(3.2,4){\makebox(0,0)[t]{$y$}} \multiput(0,1.9)(1,0){6}{\line(0,1){.2}}% \multiput(2.9,0)(0,1){4}{\line(1,0){.2}}% \put(2,3){\circle*{.1}} \put(2,3.1){\makebox(0,0)[b]{$p_0$}} \dashline{.1}(2,3)(3,2)% \put(3,2){\circle*{.1}} \put(2.8,1.9){\makebox(0,0)[t]{$p_1$}} \put(3.2,1.9){\makebox(0,0)[t]{$o$}} \put(4,3){\circle*{.1}} \put(4,3.1){\makebox(0,0)[b]{$p_2$}} \dashline{.1}(4,3)(3,2)%

208 6 \qbezier(2,3)(3,2)(4,3) \end{picture} 6.7.4 picture 1 epic L A TEX picture picture picture L A TEX 1980 Sunil Podar epic picture epic L A TEX picture \multiputlist \matrixput \grid \picsquare \dottedline \dashline \drawline \jput \putfile dottedjoin dashjoin drawjoin ( x, y) \multiputlist \multiputlist(x,y)( x, y)[ tbrl ]{ } \matrixput \matrixput(x,y)( x 1, y 1 ){ n 1 }( x 2, y 2 ){ n 2 }{ } \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,110)(0,0) \multiputlist(0,0)(15,10)% {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} \matrixput(0,0)(20,0){7}(0,20)% {5}{\mbox{ }} \end{picture} 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 \grid \grid(, )(, )[ x,y ]

6.7 209 \dottedline[ ]{ }(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 ) (x n,y n ) \dashline{ }[ ](x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 ) (x n,y n ) \drawline(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 ) (x n,y n ) \dottedline \dashline \drawline \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,120)(0,0) 0 25 50 75 100 \put(0,0){% 100 100 \grid(100,100)(25,25)[0,0]} \dottedline[$\circ$]{10}(0,0) 75 75 (100,100) \dashline{3}(0,80)(30,50)(50,45) 50 50 (100,20) \drawline(0,70)(10,60)(30,40) 25 25 (100,50) \end{picture} 0 0 0 25 50 75 100 6 6.7.5 picture 2 eepic Sunil Podar epic Conrad Kwok eepic epic epic \usepackage{epic,eepic} L A TEX picture \line \circle* \oval epic eepic Tpic Tpic dviout dvips Dvipdfmx Tpic \allinethickness{ } \Thicklines

210 6 \allinethickness picture \Thicklines \thicklines \begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0) \newcommand\vp[2]{% \put(0,0){\vector(#1,#2){70}}} \thinlines \VP{1}{0} \thicklines \VP{1}{1} \VP{0}{1} \Thicklines \VP{2}{1} \end{picture} eepic \drawline \path \qbezier \spline \spline Chaikin \path(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 ) (x n,y n ) \spline(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 ) (x n,y n ) \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,100)(0,0) \path(0,60)(25,100)(100,25) (150,50)(100,100)(25,0)(55,75) \Thicklines \spline(0,60)(25,100)(100,25) (150,50)(100,100)(25,0)(55,75) \end{picture} \ellipse \arc \ellipse*{ }{ } \arc{ }{ }{ } [0, π/2] [, + 2π] \filltype \circle* \ellipse* black white shade \filltype{ }

6.8 211 \begin{picture}(150,100)(0,0) \filltype{shade} \put(10,50){\ellipse*{50}{30}} \filltype{black} \put(50,50){\ellipse*{30}{50}} \put(80,50){\ellipse{45}{65}} \end{picture} 6.7.6 picture 3 pict2e Hubert Gäßlein Rolf Niepraschk pict2e picture 2003 picture 6 dvips xdvi pdftex vtex dvipdfm picture \circle \cbezier \qbezier(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 )(x 3,x 3 ) \cbezier(x 1,y 1 )(x 2,y 2 )(x 3,x 3 )(x 4,x 4 ) \qbezier 2 \cbezier 3 \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0) \qbezier(0,0)(50,100)(100,0) \cbezier(0,0)(25,200) (75,0)(100,100) \end{picture} 6.8

212 6 6.8.1 Tpic Unix OS Brian Kernighan PIC Tim Morgan TEX Tpic Unix OS PIC PIC Tpic TEX \special Tpic Tpic Tpic dvips dviout Dvipdfmx 6.9 6.6 PIC PIC file pic Tpic file input L A TEX file L A TEX DVI special Picture 6.6 Tpic tpicsmpl.pic.ps box "PIC file" arrow "pic" above box "\textsc{tpic} file" arrow "input" above dashed box "{\LaTeX} file" arrow "{\LaTeX}" above box "DVI" arrow "special" above dashed ellipse "Picture" fill.pe tpicsmpl.pic pic TEX -t $ pic -t tpicsmpl.pic > tpicsmpl.tex tpicsmpl.tex \graph file.tex

6.8 213 \input \box \input{tpicsmpl} \begin{center} {\box\graph} \end{center} figure 6.10 6.9 tpicsmpl.tex \special pn, pa, fp, sh \special{pa 4500 0} 6 6.11 Unix OS man pic for, if, sin, cos 6.8.2 Donald Knuth METAFONT John Hobby EPS METAPOST METAFONT TEX file.gf METAPOST EPS file.n METAPOST METAPOST METAFONT Donald Knuth METAFONTbook [54] METAFONT $ mf *

214 6 This is METAFONT, Version 2.7182 (Web2C 7.3.9) ** \relax ** \relax * drawdot (0,0); showit; * draw (0,0)..(100,0); showit; * draw (0,100)..(100,100)..(100,0); showit; * end. METAPOST mp mpost METAPOST hoge.mp beginfig(1) u=100; draw (u,u)--(2u,u)--(2u,2u)..cycle; draw (u,u)..(2u,u)..(2u,2u)..(u,2u)..cycle; endfig; end. $ mpost hoge.mp EPS hoge.1 Ghostscript 6.7 METAPOST mpost

6.8 215 6 6.7 METAPOST jmpost ptex Windows jmpost 6.8.3 PSTricks Timothy Zandt PSTricks \special PostScript PostScript TEX/L A TEX PostScript dvips PostScript PSTricks 70 L A TEX [35] 4 PSTricks grahics color pst-col pst-all \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvips,usenames]{pst-col} \usepackage{pst-all} EPS

216 6 PSTricks Dvipdfmx PSTricks EPS \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvips,usenames]{pst-col} \usepackage{pst-all} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{pspicture}(100,100) \end{pspicture} \end{document} fig1.tex $ platex fig1 $ dvipsk -Pdl -E -o fig1.eps fig1 $ epstopdf fig1.eps $ egrep "^%%BoundingBox:" fig1.eps > fig1.bb L A TEX PDF fig1.pdf graphicx \includegraphics \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx} \includegrpahics[bb={0 0 100 100}]{fig1.pdf} CV Radhakrishnan CV Rajagopal pdftricks pdftex PSTricks pl A TEX pdftricks pst2pdf for f in $FIGURES ; do latex $fig dvips -Ppdf -E -o $fig.eps $fig epstopdf $fig.eps done latex platex dvips epstopdf PDF 1 egrep "^%%BoundingBox:" $FILE > $fig.bb

6.8 217 6.8.4 Xy-pic Kristoffer Rose Ross Moore XY-pic L A TEX [35] 5 6.8.5 XΥMTEX L A TEX picture epic XΥMTEX XΥMTEX [49] 6 6.8.6 L A TEX Windows Excel EPS graphicx 6.5.10 Thomas Williams Colin Kelley Gnuplot gnuplot 3.7 3.8 gnuplot * 12 SciLab * 13 John Eaton Octave *12 http://takeno.iee.niit.ac.jp/~foo/gp-jman/ *13 http://www.ecl.sys.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/scilab/docjp.html

219 7 L A TEX 7.1 (references) Oren Patashnik BIBTEX JBIBTEX

220 7 thebibliography \bibitem JBIBTEX file.bib JBIBTEX \cite 7.2 thebibliography \bibitem \bibitem[ ]{ } thebibliography \begin{thebibliography}{ } \bibitem[ ]{ } \end{thebibliography} \cite ~\cite[ ]{ } \cite{kk1981} ~\cite{kk1981} \cite{ay1991} ~\cite{kk1981,ay1991} ~\cite[chapter.~8]{kk1981}\cite[pp.80--89]{ay1991} \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{kk1981} 624 1981 \bibitem{ay1991} Ada Young. \emph{the Art of Awk Programming}. \textbf{5}. Angus Univ.~Press. 1991. \end{thebibliography}

7.2 221 [1] [1][2] [1,2] [Chapter. 8; 1][pp.80 89; 2] [1] 624 1981 [2] Ada Young. The Art of awk programming. 5. Angus Univ. Press. 1991. thebibliography 9 \begin{thebibliography}{9} 2 \begin{thebibliography}{99} 7 7.2.1 thebibliography \bibitem[ ]{ }...,.. 1999 \bibitem[mirai 1999]{MT1999}.1999,. Taro Mirai \begin{thebibliography}{watanabe 2000} \bibitem[hokkai 1997]{HM1997a} Michiko Hokkai.

222 7 \emph{going My Way}. 1997, Future. \bibitem[hokkai 1999]{HM1999a}.. 1999,. \bibitem[watanabe 2000]{NN2000a}.. 2000, NNN. \end{thebibliography} [Hokkai 1999] [Watanabe 2000] [Hokkai 1997] Michiko Hokkai. Going My Way. 1997, Future. [Hokkai 1999].. 1999,. [Mirai 1999]. 1999,. [Watanabe 2000].. 2000, NNN. Michiko Hokkai 2 [ ] [ ] 7.3 L A TEX JBIBTEX [89, 88] 7.3.1 JBIBTEX L A TEX.bib

7.3 223 7.3.2 file.bib @ {, 1 = { 1 }, 2 = { 2 }, } 7 @book{tm2004a, author = { }, yomi = {Taro Mirai}, title = { }, publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = {007//Wa}, } @ @ book book TM2004a author yomi title publisher year note yomi

224 7 file.bib \cite 7.2 7.3.3 L A TEX \bibliography \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{ }.bib.bib \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} ~\cite{tw2004a} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \bibliography{ref} \end{document} JBIBTEX $ platex file \cite $ jbibtex file.bib $ platex file.bbl $ platex file JBIBTEX This is JBibTeX, Version 0.99c-j0.33 (Web2C 7.5.2) The top-level auxiliary file: file.aux The style file: jplain.bst Database file #1: ref.bib

7.3 225 file.bbl 1 JBIBTEX 2 file.aux 3 jplain.bst ref.bib JBIBTEX JBIBTEX file.blg 3 1 JBIBTEX file.bbl 3 Make latexmk hoge.tex \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} ~\cite{tw2004a} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \bibliography{ref} \end{document} 7 ref.bib @book{tw2004a, author = { }, yomi = {Toru Watanabe}, title = { }, publisher = {}, year = {2004}, note = {}} hoge.tex 1 LaTeX Warning: Citation TW2004a on page 1 undefined on input line 3. No file hoge.bbl. LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. No file hoge.bbl hoge.bbl

226 7 hoge.aux 4 \relax \citation{tw2004a} \bibstyle{jplain} \bibdata{ref} JBIBTEX file.aux JBIBTEX $ jbibtex hoge This is JBibTeX, Version 0.99c-j0.33 (Web2C 7.5.2) The top-level auxiliary file: hoge.aux The style file: jplain.bst Database file #1: ref.bib 1 JBIBTEX 2 hoge.aux 3 jplain.bst ref.bib hoge.bbl hoge.bbl \begin{thebibliography}{1} \bibitem{tw2004a}. \newblock. \newblock, 2004. \newblock. \end{thebibliography} 7.2 hoge.bbl JBIBTEX hoge.blg hoge.bbl hoge.tex $ platex hoge.tex

7.3 227 LaTeX Warning: Citation TW2004a on page 1 undefined on input line 3. (./hoge.bbl) [1] (./hoge.aux) LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right.) $ platex hoge.tex 3 3 1 JBIBTEX hoge.bbl 7 $ platex hoge.tex $ jbibtex hoge $ platex hoge.tex $ platex hoge.tex file.bbl file.tex \cite BIBTEX 2 L A TEX 7.1 2 C file.c \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} \section{ }\label{joron} \section{ }\label{honron} \ref{joron} \end{document}

228 7 TEX \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} \section{ }\label{joron} \ref{honron}% \section{ }\label{honron} \ref{joron} \end{document} 7.2 \cite \nocite \nocite{ } file.bib \nocite \documentclass{jsarticle} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \begin{document} \nocite{*} \bibliography{file} \end{document} 7.3.4 \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{,... } \bibliographystyle jplain \bibliography 1 1

7.3 229 @book{label, book 7.1 7.1 article book booklet inbook incollection inproceedings manual masterthesis phdthesis misc 7 author title publisher year 7.2 7.3 author and author={ and and } author editor author={ and others} jplain et al.

230 7 7.2 address annote author booktitle chapter crossref edition editor howpublished journal key month note number organization pages publisher school series title volume year 7.3.5 BIBTEX jplain plain alpha abbrv unsrt 4 jplain jalpha jabbrv junsrt WWW

7.3 231 7.3 article book booklet inbook incollection inproceedings manual masterthesis misc phdthesis author title journal year volume number pages month note author title publisher, year volume series address edition month note title author howpublished adddress month year note author title chapter pages publisher year volume series type note address edition month booktitle author title year publisher editor volume series type month note address edition author title booktitle year editor volume series pages address month organization publisher note title author address edition month year note organization author title school year type address month note author title howpublished month year note author title school year type address month note 7 jplain [1],. 2000.. NNN. jalpha 3 key

232 7 jabbrv junsrt [NG 2000],. 2000.. NNN. [1],. 2000.. NNN. [1],, 2000.. NNN. 7.3.6 7.3 (book) (author) (title) (publisher) (year) (volume) (series) (edition) 2004 [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε @book{bibunsyo, author = { }, yomi = {Haruhiko Okumura}, title = {[ 3 ] \LaTeXe\ }, publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = {021.49/Ok}, } (yomi) 7.4 (author) (title) (journal) (year) (volume) (number) (pages) The RoboCup Synthetic Agent Challenge 97 @inproceedings{eo1997, author = {Ei-ichi Osawa and others}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference

7.3 233 on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI-97}, title = {The RoboCup Synthetic Agent Challenge~97}, volume = 1, pages = {24--29}, year = 1997, } (conference) (proceeding) inproceedings 7.5 WWW URL (howpublished) (year, month) (title) (author) TEX Wiki @misc{ho2006, howpublished = {\url{http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki /}}, author = { }, yomi = {Haruhiko Okumura}, title = {{\TeX\ Wiki}}, year = 2006, month = 2, } 7 url \url 8.18 TEX Wiki 7.3 7.5 JBIBTEX file.bbl \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{ho2004}. \newblock [ 3 ] \LaTeXe\. \newblock, 2004. \newblock 021.49/Ok. \bibitem{ho2006}.

234 7 \newblock {\TeX\ Wiki}. \newblock \url{http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/}, 2 2006. \bibitem{eo1997} Ei-ichi Osawa, et~al. \newblock The robocup synthetic agent challenge~97. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI-97}, Vol.~1, pp.~24--29, 1997. \end{thebibliography} file.bbl [1]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. 021.49/Ok. [2]. TEX Wiki. http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/ texwiki/, 2 2006. [3] Ei-ichi Osawa, et al. The robocup synthetic agent challenge 97. In Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI-97, Vol. 1, pp. 24 29, 1997. et al. en-dash 7.3.7 cite \cite{ 1, 2,..., n } [3,2,5,1] [1-3,5] Donald Arseneau cite hyperref [1-3,5]

7.3 235 7.3.8 ( 1999) \makeatletter \renewcommand{\@cite}[2]{ {#1\if@tempswa, #2\fi} } \renewcommand{\@biblabel}[1]{ #1 } \makeatother JBIBTEX cite 7 nospace space nosort 7.4 7.4 cite \citeform \citepunct \citeleft [ \citeright ] \citemid \cite mycite.tex \documentclass[12pt]{jsarticle} \usepackage{cite} \begin{document} ~\cite[p.~130]{first,second,third,sixth,fifth}

236 7 \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{first} First Name. \emph{ }. 1991,. \bibitem{second} Second Name. \emph{ }. 1992,. \bibitem{third} Third Name. \emph{ }. 1993,. \bibitem{forth} Forth Name. \emph{ }. 1995,. \bibitem{fifth} Fifth Name. \emph{ }. 1994,. \bibitem{sixth} Sixth Name. \emph{ }. 1990,. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} [1 3,5,6; p. 130] \cite p. 130 \usepackage \renewcommand\citemid{; } \renewcommand\citeleft{ } \renewcommand\citeright{ } \renewcommand\citepunct{,} 1 3,5,6; p. 130 \citeform \renewcommand\citeform[1]{\romannumeral 0#1} i iii,v,vi; p. 130 7.4 Morten Alver Nizar Batada JabRef *1 Java Ref for Windows *2 Windows Ref for Windows file.bib *1 http://jabref.sourceforge.net/ *2 http://homepage3.nifty.com/refwin/

237 8 LATEX 8.1 8.1.1 L A TEX 8.1 layout document \layout 8.1 layout \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage{layout} \begin{document} \layout \end{document} jsarticle jsbook jbook

9 3 238 8 LATEX 4 5 Header 6 2 Body 7 Margin Notes 10 11 8 1 Footer 1 one inch + \hoffset 2 one inch + \voffset 3 \oddsidemargin = 62pt 4 \topmargin = 20pt 5 \headheight = 12pt 6 \headsep = 25pt 7 \textheight = 592pt 8 \textwidth = 327pt 9 \marginparsep = 10pt 10 \marginparwidth = 106pt 11 \footskip = 30pt \marginparpush = 5pt (not shown) \hoffset = 0pt \voffset = 0pt \paperwidth = 597pt \paperheight = 845pt 8.1

8.1 239 \voffset 0 1 \voffset -1in \hoffset 1 \oddsidemargin oneside \oddsidemargin \evensidemargin twoside oneside \topmargin \voffset \headheight \headsep \footskip 8 \textheight \textwidth \marginparwidth \marginparpush \marginparsep \columnsep \columnseprule 2 2 1 1 \setlength{\textwidth}{33zw} \setlength{\textheight}{40\baselineskip}

240 8 LATEX 8.1.2 geometry 2 cm \voffset = 0.54 cm \hoffset = 0.54 cm \evensidemargin = 0 cm \ossdidemargin = 0 cm \textheight = \paperheight 4 cm \topmargin \headheight \headsep \footskip \textwidth = \paperwidth 4 cm L A TEX \setlength \voffset {-1in}% \voffset \addtolength \voffset {2cm} \setlength \hoffset {-1in}% \hoffset \addtolength \hoffset {2cm} \setlength \textheight {\paperheight}% \textheight \addtolength \textheight {-4cm} \addtolength \textheight {-\topmargin} \addtolength \textheight {-\headheight} \addtolength \textheight {-\headsep} \addtolength \textheight {-\footskip} \setlength \textwidth {\paperwidth}% \textwidth \addtolength \textwidth {-4cm} \setlength \evensidemargin {0pt}% \setlength \oddsidemargin {\evensidemargin}% \setlength \fullwidth {\textwidth} geometry geometry geometry

8.1 241 \usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry} 2 cm *1 geometry \geometry \usepackage[a5paper]{geometry} \geometry{hmargin={3cm,0.8in},height=8in} \geometry{height=10in} geometry calc \usepackage{calc} \usepackage[textheight=20\baselineskip+10pt]{geometry} jsclasses jsbook \fullwidth \textwidth 8 \setlength \fullwidth{\textwidth} geometry \geometry a0paper, a1paper, a2paper, a3paper, a4paper, a5paper, a6paper, b0paper, b1paper, b2paper, b3paper, b4paper, b5paper, b6paper, letterpaper, executivepaper, legalpaper, screen screen 225 mm 180 mm screen centering paper= paperwidth paperwidth=10cm paperheight papersize papersize={, } papersize= paperwidth paperheight *1 2 cm

242 8 LATEX landscape portrait hscale (\paperwidth) hscale=.8 width=.8\paperwidth 0.7 vscale (\paperheight) vscale=.8 height=.9\paperheight 0.7 scale scale={, } scale= 0.7 width/totalwidth width= totalwidth= height/totalheight height= totalheight= total total={, } total= textwidth \textwidth textwidth= textheight \textheight textheight= text/body \textwidth \textheight body={, } text= lines \textheight lines= includehead height/totalheight (\headheight \headsep) includefoot height/totalheight (\footskip) includeheadfoot includehead includefoot includemp (\marginparwidth \marginparsep)

8.1 243 marginparwidth marginparsep includeall includeheadfoot includemp ignorehead includehead=false ignorefoot includefoot=false ignoreheadfoot ignorehead ignorefoot ignoremp ignoreall ignoreheadfoot ignoremp heightrounded underfull vbox \textheight \baselineskip + \topskip hdivide hdivide={,, } * hdivide={2cm,15cm,*} vdivide vdivide={,, } divide divide={ 1, 2, 3 } hdivide={ 1, 2, 3 } vdivide={ 1, 2, 3 } 8 left/lmargin/inner lmargin= (twoside) right/rmargin/outer rmargin= (twoside) top/tmargin tmargin= bottom/bmargin

244 8 LATEX bmargin= hmargin hmargin={, } hmargin= vmargin vmargin={, } vmargin= margin margin={ 1, 2 } hmargin={ 1, 2 } vmargin={ 1, 2 } hmarginratio hmarginration= : 100 (oneside) 1 : 1, (twoside) 2 : 3 vmarginratio marginratio marginratio={, } marginration= hcentering hmarginration=1:1 vcentering vmarginration=1:1 centering marginration=1:1 twoside asymmetric bindingoffset bindingoffset bindingoffset= L A TEX headheight/head head= \headheight headsep headsep= \headsep footskip/foot foot= \footskip nohead \headheight \headsep 0 pt nofoot \footskip 0 pt noheadfoot nohead nofoot

8.1 245 marginparwidth/marginpar marginpar= \marginparwidth marginparsep marginparsep= \marginparsep nomarginpar \marginparwidth \marginparsep 0 pt columnsep columnsep= \columnsep hoffset hoffset= \hoffset voffset voffset= \voffset offset offset={, } offset= twocolumn 2 twoside textwidth textwidth= \textwidth textheight textheight= \textheight reversemp/reversemarginpar 8 dvips dvips dvipdfm Dvipdfm pdftex pdftex, pdfl A TEX verbose geometry showframe 1 jsbook

246 8 LATEX, 8.2 2 cm 1 : 1 1 : 1 centering, 1 cm

8.1 247 twoside, bindingoffset=1cm, 8.3 3 cm 2 cm 40 2.5 cm geometry \geometry{left=3cm,right=2cm,lines=40,top=2.5cm,includeheadfoot} 8 \geometry{hmargin={3cm,2cm},tmargin=2.5cm,lines=40,includeheadfoot} 10 inch 2 cm vdivide= {*,10in,2cm},

248 8 LATEX \geometry{bottom=2cm,textheight=10in} 80% scale=0.8, centering, A5 3 cm a5paper, marginparwidth=3cm, includemp, B4 2 2 cm 2 cm

8.1 249 dvipdfm, b4paper, landscape, twocolumn, margin=2cm, nomarginpar, nofoot, nohead, columnsep=2zw, A4 2 15 mm 25 mm 6 mm 8 a4paper, twocolumn, ignoreall, nomarginpar, noheadfoot, margin={15mm,25mm}, columnsep=6mm, 8.1.3 1 \pagestyle{ } \pagestyle 8.1 myheadings

250 8 LATEX 8.1 empty plain headings myheadings \markright { } \markboth { }{ } \markright \markboth 2006 \pagestyle{myheadings} \markboth{ }{2006 } 1 \thispagestyle{ } \pagenumbering \pagenumbering{ } 1 8.2 26 27 8.1.4 2 fancyhdr L A TEX Piet Oostrum fancyhdr fancyhdr fancyheadings

8.1 251 8.2 arabic 1, 2, 3,... roan i, ii, iii,... Roman I, II, III,... alph a, b, c,..., z Alph A, B, C,..., Z fancyhdr \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} 8 fancyhdr \lhead \chead \rhead \headrulewidth \footrulewidth \lfoot \cfoot \rfoot \lhead \chead \rhead \lfoot \cfoot \rfoot \headrulewidth \footrulewidth \headrulewidth \iffloatpage \def\headrulewidth{\iffloatpage{0pt}{.4pt}} \lhead jarticle

252 8 LATEX \lhead{} \chead{} \rhead{ } \lfoot{ } \cfoot{} \rfoot{\textbf{\thepage}} \def\headrulewidth{.4pt} \def\footrulewidth{.4pt} jbook twoside 1 1.1 2 1.2 1 3 EL(H) EC(H) ER(H) EL(F) EC(F) ER(F) OL(H) OC(H) OR(H) OL(F) OC(F) OR(F) \fancyhead \fancyfoot \documentclass{jbook} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead[er,ol]{\rightmark} \fancyhead[el,or]{\leftmark} \fancyfoot[ec,oc]{\textbf{\thepage}} \chaptermark \sectionmark fancyhdr

8.2 253 \def\chaptermark#1{\markboth{% \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter \@chapapp\thechapter\@chappos\hskip1zw \fi \fi #1}{}}% \def\sectionmark#1{\markright{% \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@ \thesection \hskip1zw\fi #1}}% 8.1.5 / / \AtEndDocument{\label{lastpage}} \makeatletter \newcommand{\ps@total}{% \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil--\thepage/\pageref{lastpage}--\hfil }% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot} \makeatother \pagestyle{total} 8 \ps@total total \normalfont \bfseries 8.2 L A TEX \newpage 2 \clearpage 2

254 8 LATEX \cleardoublepage \samepage \hspace{ } \hspace*{ } \vspace{ } \vspace*{ } \hspace{1cm} \vspace{1cm} \par\hspace{1cm} \hspace{1cm} 8.3 L A TEX 8.3.1 L A TEX \hour \minute jclasses/jsclasses \today \month \hour \year \day \minute jarticle \ \ \today

8.4 単位 通貨 出力 氏 標準 西暦 jsclasses 個人的 天皇制 名残 文書 和暦 使 \today 以外 好 世界 置 個人的 欧文 \number 等 値 表示 略 \today. *2 必要 今日 2006 年 8 月 18 日 略 2006 LATEX \TeX TEX 奥村晴彦氏 \LaTeX LATEX \LaTeXe LATEX 2ε 加 jsclasses \ptex ptex 次 \platex platex 実 僕 {\TeX}使 \\ {\LaTeX} {\LaTeXe} 使 {\ptex} 使 用意 TEX 使 LATEX \\ 僕 使 8 \platexe platex 2ε 実 僕 \\ 僕 {\TeX pert} LATEX 2ε TEXpert ptex 使 単位 通貨 出力 8.4 文中 数式中 $y=30cm$ 入力 単位 基本的 合計 300mm 訳 体 出力 $y=30\,\mathrm{cm}$ 良 *3 普通 y = 30cm 合計 300mm y = 30 cm 合計 300 mm 場合 合計 300\,mm *2 思 言語 標準的 表示方法 出力 年 8 月 18 日. *3 食 月\number\day 日 標準 感 今日 \number\year 年\number\month H 8.3.2 和暦 jclasses 和暦 使 255 単位 数式中 \two@digits 命令 用 2006/04/15 場合 y = 30 [cm] 事 思 使 事 補

256 8 LATEX \ensuremath mm \newcommand{\mm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{mm}}} L A TEX l \newcommand{\litter}{\,\ensuremath{\mathit{l}}} units.sty %File:units.sty \newcommand{\mm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{\milli mm}}} \newcommand{\cm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{cm}}} \newcommand{\km}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{km}}} \newcommand{\mg}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{mg}}} \newcommand{\kg}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{kg}}} \newcommand{\cc}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{cc}}} \newcommand{\litter}{\,\ensuremath{l}} \newcommand{\ohm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{\omega}}} \mathrm 8.4 units.sty \U \newcommand*\u[1]{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{#1}}} \newcommand*\bu[1]{\ensuremath{\,[\mathrm{#1}]}} x = 1 [cm] $x = 1\BU{cm}$ L A TEX textcomp fontenc

8.5 257 \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} txfonts pxfonts \usepackage{txfonts,textcomp}% pxfonts 8.3 textcomp tectcomp CTAN *4 8.5 \tableofcontents thebibliography \renewcommand{\refname}{ } 8 8.4 \bibname jreport jbook (j)article \refname jsclasses \renewcommand{presectionname}{ } \renewcommand{postsectionname}{ } \presectionname \postsectionname 8.6 \chapter* \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } *4 CTAN: info/symbols/comprehensive/

258 8 LATEX 8.3 textcomp \texttwelveudash \texttildelow \textrquill \textleftarrow \textdblhyphenchar \textcent \textrightarrow \textasciibreve \textsterling \textblank ˇ \textasciicaron \textcurrency $ \textdollar \textgravedbl \textyen ' \textquotesingle \textacutedbl \textbrokenbar \textdblhyphen \textdagger \textsection 0 \textzerooldstyle \textdaggerdbl \textasciidieresis 1 \textoneoldstyle \textbardbl \textcopyright 2 \texttwooldstyle % \textperthousand ª \textordfeminine 3 \textthreeoldstyle \textbullet \textcopyleft 4 \textfouroldstyle \textcelsius \textlnot 5 \textfiveoldstyle $ \textdollaroldstyle \textcircledp 6 \textsixoldstyle \textcentoldstyle \textregistered 7 \textsevenoldstyle ƒ \textflorin \textasciimacron 8 \texteightoldstyle \textcolonmonetary \textdegree 9 \textnineoldstyle \textwon ± \textpm \textlangle \textnaira ² \texttwosuperior \textminus \textguarani ³ \textthreesuperior \textrangle \textpeso \textasciiacute \textmho \textlira µ \textmu \textbigcircle \textrecipe \textparagraph Ω \textohm \textinterrobang \textperiodcentered \textlbrackdbl \textinterrobangdown \textreferencemark \textrbrackdbl \textdong ¹ \textonesuperior \textuparrow \texttrademark º \textordmasculine \textdownarrow \textpilcrow \textsurd ` \textasciigrave \textbaht ¼ \textonequarter \textborn \textnumero ½ \textonehalf \textdivorced \textdiscount ¾ \textthreequarters \textdied \textestimated \texteuro \textleaf \textopenbullet \texttimes \textmarried \textservicemark \textdiv \textmusicalnote \textlquill % \textpertenthousand \textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightdblbase \textasteriskcentered \textthreequartersemdash \textfractionsolidus

8.7 259 8.4 \prepartname \postpartname \prechaptername \postchaptername \contentsname \listfigurename \listtablename \bibname thebibliography \figurename \tablename \appendixname appendix 8 \addcontentsline{ }{ }{ } \addtocontents{ }{ } jreport \chapter*{ } \chapter* \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } \addtocontents{toc}{\newpage} \addtocontents{lof}{\newpage} 8.7 L A TEX 1 2

260 8 LATEX \onecolumn \twocolumn[ ] \columnsep \columnseprule 2 2 1 \onecolumn 2 \twocolumn \twocolumn 2 1 8.5 \columnsep 2zw \columnseprule.4pt \twocolumn[{\large\latexe }] 2 {\LaTeX} 2 \textwidth 1 \columnwidth table* figure* table figure 1 \twocolumn 2 multicol 2 balance 8.7.1 3 multicol Frank Mittelbach multicol 10 \begin{multicols{ } \end{multicols}

8.7 261 multicols \begin{multicols}{4} 10 \end{multicols} 10 8 L A TEX 2ε \onecolumn \twocolumn 1 2 \onecolumn \twocolumn 2 multicol table figure table* figure* mytable myfigure \documentclass[a4j,10pt,papersize]{jsarticle} \newcommand*\mypict{\setlength\unitlength{1pt}% \begin{picture}(40,40)% \put(20,20){\circle*{10}}% \put(20,20){\circle{20}}% \end{picture}}% \usepackage{multicol} \columnseprule=.4pt \columnsep=2zw \multicolsep=1zw

262 8 LATEX \makeatletter \def\myfigure{\vbox\bgroup\centering\def\@captype{figure}} \def\mytable{\vbox\bgroup\centering\def\@captype{table}} \def\endmyfigure{\egroup} \def\endmytable{\egroup} \def\hoge{\@tempcnta=\z@ \@whilenum \@tempcnta<100\do{% \advance\@tempcnta\@ne} } \makeatother \begin{document} \hoge \begin{multicols}{3} \hoge \begin{equation} f(x) = ax +b \end{equation} \hoge \begin{figure*}[tb] \centering\mypict \caption{ \texttt{figure} } \end{figure*} \hoge \begin{myfigure} \mypict \caption{\texttt{multicols} } \end{myfigure} \hoge \begin{mytable} \begin{small} \caption{\texttt{multicols} } \begin{tabular}{lll} \hline \LaTeX & \LaTeXe& \LaTeX\,3\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{small} \end{mytable} \hoge \end{multicols} \hoge \begin{multicols}{4}[\section{ }] \hoge \end{multicols} \hoge \begin{multicols}{5} \hoge\par \hoge \end{multicols} \hoge

8.8 263 \begin{multicols}{7} \hoge\par \hoge \end{multicols} \end{document} 8.2 Frank Mittelbach multicol figure* table* figure/table myfigure/mytable / ( myfigure/mytable ) / \columnseprule=.4pt % \columnsep=2zw % \multicolsep=1zw % / 8 8.8 TEX/L A TEX 2 \newlength \newlength{ } \setlength{ }{ } \addtolength{ }{ } \setlength \addtolength \newlength \newlength \setlength

264 8 LATEX f(x) = ax + b (1) 2 2 multicols 1 2 1 figure 1 multicols L ATEX LATEX 2ε LATEX 3 1 2 3 4 8.2 multicol

8.9 箱 操作 0.0pt 28.45274pt 28.45274pt 5.69054pt 36.98856pt 5.69054pt \newlength{\newa}\the\newa\\ \setlength{\newa}{10mm}\the\newa\\ \setlength{\newa}{10mm plus 3mm minus 2mm}\the\newa\\ \addtolength{\newa}{3mm}\the\newa 可変長 長 値 足 縮 率 伸 率 265 plus 8.53581pt minus plus 8.53581pt minus 影響 例 出力 分 長 設定 次 命令 使 \settowidth{h綴 i}{h要素i} \settoheigth{h綴 i}{h要素i} \settodepth{h綴 i}{h要素i} 長 対 要素 幅 代入 \settoheight 深 紹介 使 \settowidth \settodepth 使 高 関 8 命令 使 道 少 %\newlength{\newa} \newcommand{\fakewidth}[1]{% \settowidth{\newa}{#1}% \framebox[\the\newa][c]{\strut}} 解 {$\int f(x)dx$} \par 解 \fakewidth{$\int f(x)dx$} 解 R f (x)dx 解 箱 操作 8.9 LATEX 定義 用意 箱 LAT EX 格納 領域 持 箱 LAT EX 点 基準 箱 説明 ltboxes.dtx 文章 段落 数式 図表 箱 高 幅 深 基準点 3 種類 長 座標 持 合 H 8.9.1 LATEX 枠 箱 簡単 複数 要素 一 箱 収 事 要素

266 8 LATEX \makebox[ ][ ]{ } \makebox l c r s \makebox[3zw][l]{ } \makebox[3zw][c]{ } \makebox[5zw][r]{ } \makebox[5zw][s]{g o o d!} G o o d! \mbox \mbox{ } \makebox \hspace*{\fill} \mbox{ } 8.9.2 L A TEX \framebox[ ][ ]{ } \framebox \makebox \fboxrule \fboxsep \fboxrule \fboxsep \framebox[3zw][l]{ } {\fboxrule=3pt\framebox[3zw][c]{ }} \framebox[5zw][r]{ } \framebox[5zw][s]{g o o d!} G o o d! \makebox \fbox \fbox{ }

8.9 267 {\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{ }} {\fboxrule=.8pt \fbox{ }} 8.9.3 \parbox \parindent \parbox[ ][ ][ ]{ }{ } \parbox t c b \parbox{13zw}{ \par \par } 8 \parbox[c]{4zw}{}\ldots \parbox[t][3zw][c]{4zw}{ }\ldots \parbox[b][3zw][t]{4zw}{ }\ldots......... minipage \begin{minipage}[ ]{ } \end{minipage} minipage ~ \begin{minipage}[t]{7zw} % \footnote{ } \end{minipage} ~ a a

268 8 LATEX 8.9.4 \newsavebox{ } \newsavebox L A TEX \savebox \sbox \savebox{ }[ ][ ]{ } \sbox{ }{ } \savebox lrbox lrbox \begin{lrbox}{ } \end{lrbox} \usebox \usebox{ } \usebox \newsavebox{\hoge} \savebox{\hoge}{\latexe \LaTeX\,3 } \usebox{\hoge}, \usebox{\hoge}.\\ \usebox{\hoge}, \usebox{\hoge}.\\ \sbox{\hoge}{} \usebox{\hoge} L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3, L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3. L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3, L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3. L A TEX \setbox

8.9 269 8.9.5 \raisebox \raisebox{ }[ ][ ]{ } \raisebox \raisebox{1zw}{ } \raisebox{-1zw}{ } \raisebox{1.5zw}{\fbox{ }} 8.9.6 8 \rule[ ]{ }{ } \rule 0 pt 0 pt \newcommand*\rule[2]{% \rule{0pt}{#1}\rule{#2}{0pt}} \fbox{\rule{3zw}{4zw}} \fbox{\rule{3zw}{2zw}} \underline \underline{ } \underline \underline{\fbox{ } } \underline{ }

270 8 LATEX 8.9.7 2 fancybox L A TEX \fbox \framebox \fbox{ } \\ \framebox[10zw][c]{ }\\ \fbox{\fbox{2 }} \\ {\fboxrule=1pt\fbox{ }}\\ {\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{ }} 2 Timothy Zandt fancybox \shadowbox \doublebox \ovalbox \Ovalbox \shadowbox{ } \\ \doublebox{2 \\ \ovalbox{ } \\ \Ovalbox{ }} 2 fancybox Sbox \TheSbox \fbox minipage fminipage \newenvironment{fminipage}% {\begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}\fbox{\thesbox}} \newenvironment{fminipage}% {\begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}% \fbox{\thesbox}} \begin{fminipage}{.8\linewidth} \end{fminipage}

8.9 271 \fbox 1 \( y = f(x) + \fbox{\(c\)}\) \begin{equation} \fbox{\(y = f(x)\)} \end{equation} y = f(x) + C y = f(x) (8.1) (\linewidth 2\fboxrule 2\fboxsep) calc \usepackage{calc,fancybox} \fbox{\parbox{(\linewidth- 2\fboxrule-2\fboxsep)}{ \begin{equation} y=f(x) \end{equation}}} y = f(x) (8.2) 8 eqnarray fancybox Beqnarray \fbox \fbox{\begin{beqnarray} y & = & f(x)\\ & = & 1/x \end{beqnarray}} y = f(x) (8.3) = 1/x (8.4) table figure \Sbox \usepackage{calc,fancybox}% \newenvironment{ftable}[1][htbp]% {\begin{table}[#1] \begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}{% (\linewidth-2\fboxrule-2\fboxsep)}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}\fbox{\thesbox}\end{table}} ftable ffigure 8.5 fancybox center Bcenter Bflushleft Bflushright

272 8 LATEX 8.5 L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3 \fbox{\begin{bcenter} \\ \\ \end{bcenter}} \fbox{\begin{bflushleft} \\ \\ \end{bflushleft}} \fbox{\begin{bflushright} \\ \\ \end{bflushright}} minipage minipage \fbox fancybox Bitemize Benumerate Bdescription \fbox{\begin{benumerate} \item \item \item \end{benumerate}} 1. 2. 3. \verb \VerbBox \VerbBox{\fbox}{ \verb \VerbBox{\fbox}{\verb+\+} } \VerbBox{\fbox}{\verb+\+} verbatim Sbox \TheSbox fverbatim

8.9 273 \VerbatimEnvironment Verbatim \newenvironment{fverbatim}[1]% {\VerbatimEnvironment \begin{sbox} \begin{minipage}{#1}% \begin{verbatim}}{\end{verbatim}% \end{minipage}\end{sbox}% \fbox{\thesbox}} \begin{fverbatim}{.8\linewidth} \end{fverbatim} L A TEX framebox \fbox Timothy Zandt fancybox 8 \boxput*(x,y){ }{ } \boxput \boxput \usepackage{fancybox,color} \boxput(0,0){\color{blue}\huge Draft} {\color{red}\parbox{\linewidth}{% \LaTeX \LaTeX }} L Draft A TEX L A TEX \fancyput \thisfancyput \fancyput*(x,y){ } \thisfancyput*(x,y){ } verbatim fancybox

274 8 LATEX 8.10 L A TEX 4 quad 1 4 1 6 5 quad 8.10.1 8.6 8.6 8.6 \ 1/4 quad \quad 1 quad \qquad 2 quad \enspace 1/2 quad \enskip 1/2 quad \thinspace 1/5 quad \negthinspace 1/5 quad {\quad} {\qquad} \ 8.6 8.7 Donald~E. Knuth made \TeX\@. Leslie~Lamport made \LaTeX\@. Donald E. Knuth made TEX. Leslie Lamport made L A TEX.

8.10 275 8.7 \, 3/18 quad \: 4/18 quad \; 5/18 quad \! 3/18 quad ~ \hspace* \hspace*[ ] 8 \hspace{2zw} \par \hspace*{-2zw} jsclasses pt cm truept truecm em zw 8.10.2 \addvspace \vspace* \vspace* \smallskip \midskip \bigskip L A TEX \vspace* \addvspace

276 8 LATEX 8.8 \smallskip \medskip \bigskip 3 pt ±1 pt 6 pt ±2 pt 12 pt +4 pt 2 pt \addvspace{ } \vspace*{ } \vspace* \addvspace \vspace \vspace*{2zw} 2 2 8.11 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX fil fill fil 0 fill fil fil fill fill {\hfil} {\hfil} \par {\hfil} {\hfill} fil fill

8.11 277 8.9 L A TEX \hfil \hfill \hss \vfil \vfill \vss \stretch \stretch{ } 8 fill hoge\hspace{\stretch{3}}hoge% \hspace{\stretch{1}}hoge.\par hoge\hspace{\fill}hoge\hspace{\fill} hoge.\par hoge hoge hoge. hoge hoge hoge. \fill \hspace \vspace \vspace*{\fill} 8.11.1 \hfil \hfill L A TEX 8.10 fill \dotfill \hrulefill ltplain.dtx

278 8 LATEX 8.10 \dotfill..................... \hrulefill \leftarrowfill \rightarrowfill \downbracefill { }} { \upbracefill } {{ } fontdef.dtx \makebox[5zw][l]{ \dotfill }\\ \hrulefill\\ \leftarrowfill \\ \rightarrowfill\par...... \leaders \leaders \cleaders \xleaders \newcommand{\hogefill}{\leavevmode \leaders\hbox{ }\hfill\kern0pt} \hogefill\par \hogefill \par 8.12 \appendix appendix 2 appendix \begin{appendix} \end{appendix}

8.13 279 A 8.13 3 5 3 5 \include{,... } \input{,... } \includeonly{,... } \include \chapter \input L A TEX.tex %#!platex \documentclass[dvipdfmx,papersize]{jsbook}% \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,bm,verbatim,listings}% \includeonly{2joron}% \begin{document} \maketitle \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables \frontmatter% \include{0preface}% \include{1thanx}% \mainmatter% %\doublespacing % \include{2joron}% \include{3honron}% \include{4keturon}% %\singlespacing % \begin{appendix}% 8

280 8 LATEX \include{5code}% : \end{appendix}% \backmatter% \bibliographystyle{jplain}% \bibliography{ron}% \end{document} 8.14 L A TEX Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University Hakodate. Today, please let me talk about my future plan. First,... %Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University Hakodate. %Today, please let me talk about my future plan. %First,... 1 1 8.15

8.16 color 281 Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University-Hakodate. Future University-Hakodate \newcommand*{\fun}{future University-Hakodate} \newcommand*{\fun}{ } \newcommand* xspace 8 \newcommand*{ }{ \xspace} \usepackage{xspace} \newcommand*\lc{logical OR}% \LC is good? \LC is also ok. \renewcommand*\lc{logical OR\xspace} \LC is funky! \LC is also ok. Logical ORis good? Logical OR is also ok. Logical OR is funky! Logical OR is also ok. 8.16 color TEX/L A TEX 2 color 8.16.1 L A TEX 2

282 8 LATEX graphics David Carlisle color color graphicx Dvipdfmx \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{color} usenames color dvipsnames dvips 8.6 colortest.tex Dvipdfmx PDF %#!F=hoge; platex $F.tex && dvipdfmx $F && open $F.pdf \documentclass[10pt,dvipdfmx,papersize]{jsarticle} \usepackage{type1ec,multicol} \usepackage{color} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \renewcommand \DefineNamedColor[4]{% \textcolor[#3]{#4}{\rule{2em}{1em}}\space{#2}\\} \parindent=0pt \begin{multicols}{3} \input{dvipsnam.def} \end{multicols} \end{document} / colortest.pdf rgb cmyk gray Red Green Blue 3 0 1 Cyan Magenta Yellow Black 4 0 1 0 1

8.16 color 283 named \definecolor \definecolor{ }{ }{ } \definecolor{mygray}{gray}{0.85} \definecolor{myred}{rgb}{0.3,0,0} \definecolor{myyellow}{cmyk}{} \textcolor \textcolor{ } \textcolor[ ]{ }{ } \color 8 \color{ } \color[ ]{ } \textcolor{gray}{ }\\ \textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{ }\\ {\color{gray}{\fbox{ }}} \pagecolor \pagecolor{ } \pagecolor[ ]{ } 1 \colorbox \colorbox{ }{ } \colorbox[ ]{ }{ } \colorbox{red}{ }\\ \colorbox[gray]{.8}{ }\\ \colorbox{black}{\color{white}% }

284 8 LATEX \fcolorbox \fcolorbox{ }{ }{ } \fcolorbox[ ]{ }{ }{ } \fcolorbox \fbox \fboxrule \fboxsep \fcolorbox{red}{blue} { }\\ \fcolorbox[gray]{.5}{.8} { }\\ {\fboxrule=2.4pt\fcolorbox{blue} {red}{ }} 8.17 listings verbatim Texinfo Carsten Heinz listings *5 *6 lgrind morevrb progc listings listings \usepackage[ ]{listings} draft draft *5 http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texfaq/qa/21172.html *6 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/jlisting.zip

8.17 listings 285 final draft savemem TEX/L A TEX listings TEX draft listings lstlisting L A TEX begin{lstlisting}[ 1, 2,... ] end{lstlisting} C \begin{lstlisting}[language=c] int main (void){ printf ("Hello World!!\n"); } \end{lstlisting} 8 \lstinputlisting \lstinputlisting[ 1, 2,... ]{ } \lstset \usepackage[dvips]{color} \lstset{%listings frame=tbrl,% backgroundcolor={\color[gray]{0.85}},% numbers=left,% numberstyle=\scriptsize,% stepnumber=1,%1 numbersep=1zw}% 1 \lstdefinestyle

286 8 LATEX \lstdefinestyle{ }{ } 1 \lstdefinestyle{number1}{numbers=left numberstyle=\scriptsize,% stepnumber=1 numbersep=1zw} \begin{lstlisting}[language=c,style=number1] \lstdefinstyle{c}{language=c,style=number1} \begin{lstlisting}[style=c] \lstnewenvironment{ }{ }{ } C \lstnewenvironment{c}{% \lstset{language=c,style=number1}}{} 8.7 float \begin{lstlisting}[language=c,float,caption={listings }] int main (void){ printf ("Hello World!!\n"); } \end{lstlisting} 8.17.1 listings 8.11

8.17 listings 287 8.11 listings Assembler Basic C C++ Cobol csh [Sharp]C Delphi Fortran HTML IDL Java ksh [LaTeX]TeX Lisp Logo make Mathematica Matlab MetaPost MuPAD Octave Pascal [plain]tex Perl PHP Prolog Python Ruby Scilab SQL tcl [tk]tcl TeX VBScript [Visual]Basic [Visual]C++ VRML XML 8 \begin{lstlisting}[\language={[latex]tex}] \lstdefinelanguage \lstdefinelanguage{ }{ } 8.8 CCC \lstdefinelanguage{ccc}{ morekeywords={short int long float double},% sensitive=false, morecomment=[l]{//},% morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},% morestring=[b]",% morestring=[d],% } 8.9 listings

288 8 LATEX columns=[l]{fullflexible} fullflexible fixed, flexible columns 8.17.2 lineskip= 0 pt firstline= 1 lastline= 9999999 tabsize= 8 showtabs= true false tab= $\Longrightarrow$ showspace= true false linewidth= \linewidth xleftmargin= 0 pt xrightmargin= 0 pt breaklines= true false false prebreak= postbreak= postbreak=\return language={ } 8.11

8.17 listings 289 basicstyle= \small \ttfamily commentstyle= stringstyle= keywordstyle= numbers= none left right stepnumber= numberstyle= firstnumber= auto last 8 float= htbp caption= label= captionpos= t b \ref \lstlistoflistings \lstlistlistingname \lstlistingname caption Listings listing \lstlistlistingname \lstlistingname \renewcommand{\lstlistlistingname}{ } \renewcommand{\lstlistingname}{}

290 8 LATEX frame= none single shadowbox, leftline, topline, bottomline, lines frame= trbltrbl t, b, l, r framerule= 0.4 pt framesep= 8.10 \begin{lstlisting}[framerule=.4pt,frame=shadowbox,language=c] void main (void){ int a = 3; int b = 5; printf ("a + b = %d.\n", a + b); } \end{lstlisting} 8.1 8.1 void main (void){ int a = 3; int b = 5; printf ("a + b = %d.\n", a + b); } backgroundcolor= rulecolor= rulesepcolor= color [frame=single,backgroundcolor={\color[gray]{.85}}, rulecolor={\color[cmyk]{0,1,1,.3}},language={c}] 8.2 void main (void){ 8.2 int a = 3; int b = 5;

8.17 listings 291 } printf ("a + b = %d.\n", a + b); \lstinputlisting[language={prolog},caption=prolog % \textsf{listings},label=src:prolog]{filename.pl} 8.3 8.3 Prolog Listings % File: prolog.pl % Author: Toru Watanabe % Date: Saturday, Aug. 9th, 2003 % Original Source Information: % File: Micro Expert System. % Ian Frank, July 2001, updated May 2002 % (Based on original by Alison Cawsey) % Dynamic userfact/1 :- dynamic(userfact/1). % Clear userfact/1 clear_facts :- retract(userfact(_)), clear_facts. clear_facts :- write( OK removed user facts ) % New Operators :- op(975 fx if). :- op(950 xfy then). :- op(925 xfy and). %% If All people come to X s party then X is happy. rule(if all_come_the_party(x) then happy(x) ). qtext(good(x,wed_class) [ Is,X, s Wednesday class good? ] ). %% If X is happy this problem would be succeed. atext(happy(x),[ Everyone comes to the party and,x, is happy!! ]). % prove(goal) :- bchain(goal),! % bchain to check if true. atext(goal Text) % get hold of appropriate text. write_list(text) % write out the recommendation % prove(_) :- 8

292 8 LATEX write_list([ The goal does not seem to be true. ]). % yesno(text) :- write_list(text), write_list([ (y/n) ]), get(x), X =:= 121. 8.18 URL url URL L A TEX \verb Donald Arseneau url \verb % # URL \url \path e-mail \email \newcommand{\email}{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url} \urlstyle \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url} \newcommand\folder{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\url} \url{ftp://www.any.com/dir/file.htm} \email{name@server.ac.jp} \folder{/usr/local/bin/} ftp://www.any.com/dir/file.htm name@server.ac.jp /usr/local/bin/ 8.19 hyperref L A TEX HTML Sebastian Rahtz hyperref [96] \special

8.19 hyperref 293 HyperTEX L A TEX HTML 2 URL HTML # \hypertarget{ name }{ } \hypertarget name \href \href{ URL }{ } \href URL URL \href{http://www.server.co.jp/~user/index.htm}{ } URL 8 \hyperimage{ URL } \hyperimage URL 8.18 url \url hyperref \url 8.19.1 hyperref keyval = \usepackage hyperref \usepackage[pdfpagemode=fullscreen,colorlinks=true,dvipdfm]{ hyperref} PDF DVI dvipdfm hyperref

294 8 LATEX breaklinks=false breaklinks=true true false dvips ps2pdf latex2html tex4ht pdftex dvipdfm a4paper a5paper b5paper breaklinks colorlinks PDF bookmarks bookmarksopen PDF PDF dvipdfm dvipdfm Dvipdfmx -E boookmarksopenlevel = PDF L A TEX 3.3 bookmarksnumbered bookmarkstype= PDF PDF PDF file.foo foo PDF \texorpdfstring

8.19 hyperref 295 \texorpdfstring{ L A TEX }{ PDF } \section{ \hoge } \texorpdfstring \section{ \textorpdfstring{\hoge}{hoge} } dvipdfm Dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfm \usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,% bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarkstype=toc]{hyperref} file.toc PDF PDF PDF \ifnum 42146=\euc"A4A2 \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode EUC-UCS2}}\else%" \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}}\fi 8 \ifnum 42146=\euc"A4A2 \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode EUC-UCS2}}\else%" \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}}\fi \usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,% bookmarkstype=toc,bookmarksnumbered=false,% bookmarksopen=true,colorlinks=true,% linkcolor=blue,citecolor=blue,filecolor=blue,% menucolor=magenta,pagecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue,% backref=page]{hyperref} PDF hyperref \special{pdf:docinfo << /Author ( ) /Title ( ) /Subject ( ) /Creator ( PDF ) /Keywords ( ) >>}

296 8 LATEX Dvipdfmx PDF pdfinfo PDF \usepackage[dvipdfm,pdftitle={ },% pdfsubject={ },pdfauthor={ },% pdfkeywords={ }]{hyperref} 8.20 L A TEX 8.20.1 YaTEX GNU Emacs YaTEX YaTEX *7 GNU Emacs AUCTEX 8.20.2 Make L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX Make Make Unix OS Unix OS OS GNU Linux Windows Cygwin Windows Unix $ make *7 http://www.yatex.org/

8.20 297 make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. Make all: file.dvi file.dvi: file.tex platex file all: : Make 8 = MENDEX=mendex -d jisyo.dic -g TEX=platex DVIPS=dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 DVIPDFM=dvipdfmx -f hiarginox.map -p a4 -V 4 -z 5 L A TEX \include L A TEX DVI file.dvi file.tex L A TEX file.aux L A TEX file.aux file.aux file.dvi: file.aux file.aux: file.tex platex file

298 8 LATEX FILE=hoge TEX=platex all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux platex $(FILE) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex platex $(FILE) $ file.dvi file.log Makefile Makefile # # FILE=hoge TEX=platex REFGREP=grep "^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed." all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux (while $(REFGREP)$ $(FILE).log; do $(TEX) $(FILE); done) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(TEX) $(FILE) Make Makefile Makefile file.tex $ make file.dvi 1 file.aux file.log file.toc clean: rm -f $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).toc $(FILE).tex~ Emacs file.tex 2 Makefile file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex

8.20 299 SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex file.aux SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(TEX) $(FILE) REF=biblio1.bib biblio2.bib biblio3.bib $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(REF) $(TEX) $(FILE) DVI file.dvi PDF file.pdf PostScript file.ps file.dvi file.pdf file.ps file.dvi pdfl A TEX file.tex file.pdf file.pdf file.tex file.ps file.pdf TEX =platex DVIPS =dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 -o $(FILE).ps DVIPDFM=dvipdfmx -f dlbase14.map -p a4 -V 4 -z 5 -o $(FILE).pdf all: $(FILE).pdf $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPDFM) $(FILE) $(FILE).ps: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPS) $(FILE) 8 TAR gzip $(FILE)src/ OTHERS #SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex #OTHERS=mymacro.sty #REF=biblio1.bib biblio2.bib biblio3.bib #FILE=main tar: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(OTHERS) $(REF) Makefile mkdir -p $(FILE)src/ cp $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(OHTERS) $(REF) Makefile $(FILE)src/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)src/ rm -fr $(FILE)src

300 8 LATEX $(file)src tar $(file)src.tgz $(file)src.tgz Makefile # Title: Makefile # Date: 2004/03/28 # Name: Thor Watanabe # Mail: thor@tex.dante.jp # FILE =sample # SRC =#chap1.tex chap2.tex,..., chap<n>.tex # OHTERS =#funthesis.cls mymacro.sty # IMG =#hoge.eps capture1.jpg #. REF =biblio.bib # TeX TEX=platex # Red Hat #DVIPS =pdvips -Ppdf #XDVI =pxdvi # GNU Linux #DVIPS =dvips -Ppdf #XDVI =xdvik # Windows DVIPS =dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 XDVI =dviout # dvipdfmx DVIPDF =dvipdfmx -p a4 -f dlbase14.map -o $(FILE).pdf # REFGREP=grep "^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed." # PRINTER=//server/printername # all: $(FILE).ps $(FILE).pdf printps: $(FILE).ps lpr -P$(PRINTER) $(FILE).ps $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPDF) $(FILE) $(FILE).ps: $(FILE).dvi

8.20 301 $(DVIPS) -o $(FILE).ps $(FILE) $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux $(FILE).bbl (while $(REFGREP) $(FILE).log; do $(TEX) $(FILE); done) $(FILE).bbl: $(REFFILE) $(BIBTEX) $(FILE) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(TEX) $(FILE) clean: rm -f $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).toc $(FILE).dvi rm -f $(FILE).pdf $(FILE).tex~ $(FILE).lof $(FILE).lot tar: mkdir -p $(FILE) cp $(SRC) $(OHTERS) $(REF) $(IMG) $(FILE).tex Makefile $( FILE)/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)/ rm -fr $(FILE)/ FILE=report #SRC=file1.eps file2.eps XDVI=xdvi TEX=platex all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).tex platex $(FILE) && platex $(FILE) && platx $(FILE) $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi dvipdfmx -p a4 -o $(FILE).pdf $(FILE) clean: rm $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).tex~ view: $(FILE).dvi $(XDVI) $(FILE) & tar: mkdir -p $(FILE)src/ cp $(FILE).tex Makefile $(SRC) $(FILE)src/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)src/ rm -fr $(FILE)src/ 8 $ make view report.tex hoge.dvi $ make tar

302 8 LATEX reportsrc.tgz SRC SRC=file1.eps file2.eps Makefile *8 # \begin{setting}[suffixes] # \comment{}.suffixes: \.aux.bb.bbl.bib.blg.bmp.cls.dic.dtx.dvi.eps \.htm.html.idx.ilg.ind.ins.jpg.jpeg.lof.log.lol \.lot.mp.obj.out.pdf.pl.plt.png.ps.sty.tex.toc # \end{setting} # \begin{setting}[programs] # \comment{dvi } TEX= platex # \comment{ } MAKEIDX=mendex # \comment{dvi \to PDF } DVIPDF= dvipdfmx # \comment{ } RM= rm -f # \comment{ } RMFR= rm -fr # \comment{ } MKDIR= mkdir -p # \comment{make } AUTOMAKE=make # \end{setting} # \begin{setting}[filenames] # \comment{ } F= main # \comment{ } M= mymacros # \comment{} IST= $M.ist # \comment{ } SRC= $(IST) $F.dic $F.tex $F.pdf \ $M.dtx $M.ins $M.sty $M.pdf \ Makefile makebb # \comment{ } IMG= img *8 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/makefile

8.20 303 # \end{setting} # \begin{setting}[commandlineoptions] # \comment{$tex } TEXOPT= -src-specials # \comment{$dvipdf } DVIPDFOPT= -O 2 -p a4 -V 4 -r 1200 # \comment{$dvips } DVIPSOPT= -t a4 # \comment{$makeidx } IDXOPT= -s $(IST) -d $F.dic # \end{setting} # \begin{setting}[printer] # \comment{ } LPNAME= 192.168.11.16 # \end{setting} # \begin{setting}[programs] # \begin{subsetting}[mac OS X] # \comment{dvi } XDVI= mxdvi # \comment{pdf } PDFVIEWER= open # \comment{dvi \to PS } DVIPS= dvips # \end{subsetting} 8 # \begin{subsetting}[linux] #XDVI= xdvi # or pxdvi #PDFVIEWER= acroread #DVIPS= dvips # or pdvips # \end{subsetting} # \begin{subsetting}[windows + Cygwin] #XDVI= /cygdrive/c/dviout/dviout.exe #PDFVIEWER= /cygdrive/c/program\ Files/Adobe/Reader32.exe #DVIPS= dvipsk # \end{subsetting} # \end{setting} # \begin{dependency} # \comment{ } all: $F.pdf $F.dvi: $F.tex $F.ind: $F.idx

304 8 LATEX $F.idx: $F.tex $F.pdf: $F.dvi $M.dvi: $M.dtx $M.pdf: $M.dvi $M.sty: $M.dtx # \end{dependency} # \begin{generationrules}.tex.dvi: $(TEX) $*; $(TEX) $*; # \comment{ (while egrep "may have changed" $*.log; do $(TEX) $*; done).dtx.dvi: $(TEX) $<; $(TEX) $<.tex.idx: $(TEX) $*;.idx.ind: $(MAKEIDX) $(IDXOPT) -o $*.ind $*.idx.dvi.pdf: $(DVIPDF) $(DVIPDFOPT) $*.dvi.ps: $(DVIPS) $(DVIPSOPT) -o $@ $*.dtx.sty: $(TEX) $*.ins # \end{generationrules} # \begin{aliases} # \begin{subsetting}[primary] # \comment{$f.tex PDF $F.pdf } pdf: $F.pdf # \comment{$f.tex DVI $F.dvi } dvi: $F.dvi # \comment{$f.tex $F.ind } ind: $F.ind # \comment{ istt.sty } sty: $M.sty # \comment{ istt.sty } man: $M.pdf # \end{subsetting} # \begin{subsetting}[secondary] # \comment{} fast: $(TEX) $F; $(TEX) $F # \comment{} faster:

8.20 305 $(TEX) $F # \comment{ PDF } today: $F.pdf cp $< $F- date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M.pdf # \end{subsetting} # \begin{subsetting}[previewing] view: $F.dvi $(XDVI) $< viewpdf: $F.pdf $(PDFVIEWER) $< # \end{subsetting} # \end{aliases} # \begin{setting}[distribution] clean: $(RM) $F.aux $F.log $F.toc $F.dvi $F.ind $(RM) $F.out $F.brf $F.idx $F.ilg *~ # \comment{ TAR ball} tar: $M.pdf $F.pdf $(MKDIR) $(F)src/img cp -r img $(F)src/ cp $(SRC) $(F)src/ tar czf $(F)src.tgz $(F)src/ $(RMFR) $(F)src/ # \comment{ } checktar: tar tzf $(F)src.tgz sort less # \comment{pdf } checkpdf: $F.pdf pdfinfo $< less; pdffonts $< less # \comment{ ($IMG ) BoundingBox } bb:./makebb $(IMG) ls: ls -lhgf --color=auto # \end{setting} 8 all checkpdf clean fast ind man sty today viewpdf bb checktar dvi faster ls pdf tar view main.tex, makebb, mymacro.dtx, mymacro.ins,

306 8 LATEX mymacro.ist img 8.11 *9 Makefile 8.20.3 latexmk Make Perl John Collins latexmk latexmk latexmk.pl $latex = latex ; $latex = platex ; $bibtex = bibtex ; $bibtex = jbibtex ; $makeindex = makeindex ; $makeindex = mendex ; $dvips = dvips ; $dvips = dvipsk ; $ latexmk file.tex DVI BIBTEX MakeIndex 8.20.4 CVS Unix OS Windows *9 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/mainsrc.tgz

8.21 307 Brian Berliner David Zuhn Jim Kingdon Jeff Polk CVS GNU Emacs VC CVS * 10 8.21 8.21.1 calc TEX \advance by \multiply by \divide by L A TEX \newcounter{ } \setcounter{ }{ } \addtocounter{ }{ } \newlength{ } \setlength{ }{ } \addtolength{ }{ } 8 \setcounter \addtocounter, \setlength, \addtolength Kresten Krab Thorup Frank Jensen calc L A TEX \settowidth{ }{ LR } \settoheight{ }{ LR } \settodepth{ }{ LR } \setlength{\parskip}{0.68\mylength} *10 http://www.radiofly.to/nishi/cvs/

308 8 LATEX \setlength{\parskip}{\widthof{$f + g$} * \real{0.68}} \real \widthof \widthof{ LR } \heightof{ LR } \depthof{ LR } \usepackcalc} \setcounter{uho}{3 + 5 * 4 - \value{page}} \setlength{\hoge}{\widthof{$f + g$} + \value{section}pt * \real {2.5}} 8.12 \documentclass{jsarticle} \newcounter{tnumber} \newcommand\use{\setcounter{tnumber}{0}} \newcommand\num{\stepcounter{tnumber}\thetnumber} \begin{document} \begin{tabular}{clr} \hline \Use & & \\ \hline \Num & Donald Knuth & 100\\ \Num & Leslie Lamport & 95\\ \Num & & 90\\ \Num & Th\ or Watanabe & 85\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{document} 8.13 8.12 L A TEX calc \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage{calc}

8.21 309 \newcounter{tnumber} \newcounter{goukei} \newcounter{heikin} \newcommand\use{\setcounter{tnumber}{0}% \setcounter{heikin}{0}} \newcommand\num{\stepcounter{tnumber}\thetnumber} \newcommand\sum[1]{\addtocounter{goukei}{#1}#1} \newcommand\avr{\setcounter{heikin}{\value{goukei}/\value{tnumber }}% \theheikin} \begin{document} \begin{tabular}{clr} \hline \Use & & \\ \hline \Num & Donald Knuth & \Sum{100}\\ \Num & Leslie Lamport & \Sum{95}\\ \Num & & \Sum{90}\\ \Num & Th\ or Watanabe & \Sum{85}\\ \hline & & \Avr \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{document} 8 92 8.21.2 ifthen L A TEX David Carlisle ifthen \ifthenelse{ }{ }{ } \whiledo{ }{ } \newboolean{ } \setboolean{ }{ true false } \ifthenelse, \whiledo (\lengthtest) (\isodd) (\equal)

310 8 LATEX \boolean{ } \isodd{ } \equal{ 1 }{ 2 } \lengthtest 1 2 8.14 \usepackage{ifthen}% \newcounter{test}% \newcommand*\ax[3][a]{% \setcounter{test}{0} \whiledo{\value{test}<#2}{% \stepcounter{test}#1\sb{\thetest}#3}} \begin{displaymath} f = \Ax[\sqrt a]{10}{+} \Ax[\sqrt b]{9}{+} \sqrt b_{10} \end{displaymath} 8.15 \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{are}}}{ }{ } \ifthenelse{\boolean{draft}}{ }{ } 8.16 \def\a{ } \def\b{ } \ifthenelse{\equal{\a}{\b}}{ }{ }\par \ifthenelse{\lengthtest{\textwidth < \textheight}}{ }{ } 8.17 \newboolean{hoge} \ifthenelse{\boolean{hoge}}{true}{false} \setboolean{hoge}{true} \ifthenelse{\boolean{hoge}}{true}{false} false true 8.18

8.21 311 \newcounter{hoge} \setcounter{hoge}{100} \whiledo{\value{hoge}<107}{\roman{hoge}\space\stepcounter{hoge}} c ci cii ciii civ cv cvi cvii cvii \and, \or, \not, \(, \) 8.19 \newboolean{a} \newboolean{b} % A/B \newcommand*\tf[1]{\ifthenelse{\boolean{#1}}{1}{0}}% \newcommand*\set[2]{\setboolean{a}{#1}\setboolean{b}{#2}}% A/B \newcommand*\and[2]{% AND(\TF{A}, \TF{B}) $=$ \ifthenelse{\boolean{a}\and\boolean{b }}{1}{0}} \newcommand*\xor[2]{% XOR(\TF{A}, \TF{B}) $=$ \ifthenelse{% \( \(\not \boolean{#1}\) \and \boolean{#2}\)\or \( \boolean{#1} \and \(\not \boolean{#2}\)\)}{1}{0}} \SET{false}{false} \AND{A}{B}, \XOR{A}{B}\par \SET{false}{true} \AND{A}{B}, \XOR{A}{B}\par \SET{true}{false} \AND{A}{B}, \XOR{A}{B}\par \SET{true}{true} \AND{A}{B}, \XOR{A}{B}\par 8 AND(0, 0) = 0, XOR(0,0) = 0 AND(0, 1) = 0, XOR(0,1) = 1 AND(1, 0) = 0, XOR(1,0) = 1 AND(1, 1) = 1, XOR(1,1) = 0

313 9 funthesis.cls *1 9.1 jsarticle article jarticle 1 abstract abstract \twocolumn \onecolabstract \twocolumn[{\maketitle \begin{onecolabstract} \end{onecolabstract}}] jsarticle \documentclass[twocolumn,papersize,dvipdfmx]{jsarticle} \columnseprule 0.5pt% \usepackage{type1cm,epic,eepic,amssymb,amsmath,graphicx,url} \title{2 } \author{{\small }\\ m1201234 \\ } \begin{document}% *1

314 9 \begin{abstract}% \LaTeX{} Word \end{abstract} \maketitle % \section{ } \section{ } 2003 9 10 \section{ } ~\ref{tab:result} \K{ } \begin{table}[htbp] \centering \caption{ }\label{tab:result} \begin{tabular}{lrr} \hline & ( )& (\%) \\ \hline Word & 75 & 45.2 \\ \LaTeX{} & 26 & 15.6 \\ HTML & 54 & 32.5 \\ Illustrator & 4 & 2.4 \\ OpenOffice & 1 & 0.6 \\ & 6 & 3.0 \\ \hline & 166 & 100 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} \section{ } $f(x)$ $f(x)$ $[-L,L]$ \begin{eqnarray*} f(x)& = & \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \left( a_n \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} + b_n \sin \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right) \\ a_n & = & \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \cos \frac{n\pi u}{l} du\\ b_n & = & \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \sin \frac{n\pi u}{l} du \end{eqnarray*} ~(\ref{eq:fourier1})

9.1 315 \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \frac{1}{2l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) du \nonumber\\ & + & \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \left[ \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} du \cdot \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right. \nonumber \\ & + & \left. \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \sin \frac{n\pi u }{L}du \cdot \sin \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right] \label{eq:fourier1} \end{eqnarray} ~(\ref{eq:fourier1}) \(L\rightarrow\infty\) ~(\ref{eq:fourier2}) \begin{equation} F(\alpha )= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \int^{\infty}_{-\infty} f(u) e^{-t\alpha u}du \label{eq:fourier2} \end{equation} ~(\ref{eq:fourier2}) \section{ } Gnuplot Gnuplot Gnuplot ~\ref{fig:sample} \begin{figure}[htbp] \centering \fbox{\rule{0pt}{3zw}\rule{3zw}{0pt}} \caption{picture }\label{fig:sample} \end{figure} \nocite{*} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \bibliography{\jobname}%.bib \end{document} 9

316 9 2 m1201234 2006 2 20 L A TEX Word, Word L A TEX 2003 Word 1 2 2003 9 10 1 ( ) (%) Word 75 45.2 L A TEX 26 15.6 HTML 54 32.5 Illustrator 4 2.4 OpenOffice 1 0.6 6 3.0 166 100 3 1 4 HTML Word Word L A TEX f(x) f(x) [ L, L] 1

9.1 317 f(x) = a0 2 + ( n=1 L an = 1 L L L bn = 1 L an cos nπx L f(u) cos nπu L du f(u) sin nπu L L du (1) + bn sin nπx ) L f(x) = 1 L f(u)du 2L L [ 1 L + f(u) cos nπx nπx du cos L n=1 L L L + 1 ] L f(u) sin nπu nπx du sin (1) L L L L [2] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. L A TEX., 2000. [3]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. [4],. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.1 Basic Kit 1999., 1998. [5],,. Linux., 1999. [6] Donald E. Knuth. METAFONT., 1994. [7] Donald E. Knuth. TEX., 1992. (1) L (2) F (α) = 1 f(u)e tαu du (2) 2π 9 (2) 5 Gnuplot Gnuplot Gnuplot 1 1 picture [1] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. The L A TEX., 1998. 2

318 9 9.2 jreport jsbook jsbook \documentclass[11pt,report]{jsbook} jreport jsbook \chapter, \section, \subsection \subsubsection jsarticle abstract \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } 9.2.1 %\documentclass[english]{funthesis}% \documentclass{funthesis} \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}%dvips dvips % % \\ \jtitle{ {\LaTeX} } % \etitle{title in English} % ( ) \jauthor{ } % ( ) \eauthor{taro MIRAI} % \affiliciation{} % \studentnumber{1300000} % \advisor{ } % %

9.2 319 %\coadvisor{ } % \date{2004/01/31} % \begin{document} % \maketitle % \begin{eabstract} Abstract in English. (about 500 words) \fake{you should write your English abstract in one page. } % \begin{ekeyword} Keyrods1, Keyword2, Keyword3, Keyword4, Keyword5 \end{ekeyword} \end{eabstract} % (2000 ) \begin{jabstract} ( 200 \fake{ } % \begin{jkeyword} 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \end{jkeyword} \end{jabstract} % \tableofcontents % \listoffigures % \listoftables \chapter{ } % (chapter) \section{ } % (section) \chapter{ } \section{ } \chapter{ } % ( ) \begin{appendix} \chapter{} % 1() \section{ } % 2() \chapter{} 9

320 9 \section{ } \texttt{hoge.cpp} \begin{verbatim} int main( void ){ return 0; } \end{verbatim} \fake[40]{{\thehoge} \par} % \end{appendix} \chapter*{ } % \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{ }..,. \bibitem{mt1999}.., 1999. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} 9.2.2 Times jsbook jreport jsbook jsbook jsbook mygs.sty %% File: mygs.sty %% Copying : Your Name %% E-mail : name@univ.ac.jp %% Date : 2006/04/20 \ProvidesPackage{mygs}[2006/04/20 First Family] Times 1 \RequirePackage{txfonts}

9.2 321 \Requirepacakge 8.1 1 1 40 \textwidth 40 40zw \setlength\textwidth{40zw} \setlength\fullwidth{\textwidth}%jsbook 40 \textheight 40 40\baselineskip \setlength\textheight{40\baselineskip} \setlength\hoffset{13\p@} \setlength\voffset{0\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin{0\p@} \setlength\oddsidemargin{\evensidemargin} \setlength\topmargin{0\p@} \setlength\headheight{0\p@} \setlength\headsep{0\p@} \setlength\marginparwidth{0\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{0\p@} \setlength\marginparsep{0\p@} 9 \p@ pt 0pt jsbook \pagestyle{plainfoot} jreport plain 13 \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil-- \thepage\ --\hfil}%

322 9 \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot \setlength\footskip{2\baselineskip}% \normalfont \bfseries Times Bold jsbook \renewcommand{\headfont}{\gtfamily\rmfamily\bfseries} jsbook jreport tocdepth \subsection \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} jreport indentfirst \RequirePackage{indentfirst} mygs.sty *2 %% File: mygs.sty %% Copying : Thor Watanabe %% E-mail : thor@tex.dante.jp %% Date : 2006/04/20 \ProvidesPackage{mygs}[2006/04/20 First Family] \RequirePackage{txfonts}% Times %\RequirePackage{indentfirst}% jreport \setlength\textwidth{40zw}%1 40 \setlength\fullwidth{\textwidth}%jsbook \setlength\textheight{40\baselineskip}%1 40 \setlength\hoffset{13\p@}%\p@ 0pt \setlength\voffset{0\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin{0\p@} \setlength\oddsidemargin{\evensidemargin} \setlength\topmargin{0\p@} \setlength\headheight{0\p@} \setlength\headsep{0\p@} \setlength\marginparwidth{0\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{0\p@} \setlength\marginparsep{0\p@} *2 http://tex.dante.jp/jou1/mygs.sty

9.2 323 \setlength\footskip{2\baselineskip}% \def\ps@foot{% -- -- \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil-- \thepage\ --\hfil}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot } \pagestyle{plainfoot}%jsbook %\pagestyle{plain}%jreport \renewcommand{\headfont}{\normalfont\bfseries} \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} A4 11 pt \documentclass[a4j,11pt,report]{jsbook} mygs.sty \usepackage \usepackage{mygs} 9 1 \maketitle \titlepage \maketitle \renewcommand{\maketitle}{% \begin{titlepage} \let\footnotesize\small \let\footnoterule\relax \let\footnote\thanks \null\vskip2\cvs% \begin{center}\thispagestyle{empty}% {\LARGE\headfont }\par\vskip\cvs {\Large\normalfont }\par\vskip2\cvs {\small \qquad }\par\vskip.5\cvs {\small \qquad }\par\vskip2\cvs { 2006/03/30}\par\vskip3\cvs {\Large\headfont English Title}\par\vskip\cvs {\large\rmfamily Your Name}\par\vskip\cvs \end{center}% \vfill\null

324 9 \end{titlepage}} \vskip \section \section \@startsection{ }{ }{ }{ }{ } { }*[ ]{ } 9.1 jsbook.cls \section \makeatletter \renewcommand{\section}{% \if@slide\clearpage\fi \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% {\Cvs \@plus.5\cdp \@minus.2\cdp}% {.5\Cvs \@plus.3\cdp}% {\normalfont\large\headfont\raggedright}} \makeatother \newcommand \renewcommand \raggedright \centering \@makechapterhead, \@makeschapterhead \@makecaption \@biblabel 9.2 \section \renewcommand\@seccntformat[1]{\@nameuse{the#1}.\quad} 9.3 \@makechapterhead 7 \par\nobreak \vskip \Cvs \raggedright \centering

9.2 325 \def\@makechapterhead#1{% \vspace*{2\cvs}% 50pt {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter \huge\headfont \@chapapp\thechapter\@chappos \par\nobreak \vskip \Cvs % 20pt \fi \fi \interlinepenalty\@m \Huge \headfont #1\par\nobreak \vskip 3\Cvs}} % 40pt 9.4 jsclasses quotation 0 pt quotation \renewenvironment{quotation}{% \list{}{% \listparindent\parindent \itemindent\listparindent \rightmargin = \leftmargin}% \item\relax}{\endlist} 9 9.5 \@makecaption \advance\leftskip1cm \advance\rightskip1cm \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{{\small \advance\leftskip1cm \advance\rightskip1cm \vskip\abovecaptionskip \sbox\@tempboxa{#1\hskip1zw\relax #2}% \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa <\hsize \centering \fi #1\hskip1zw\relax #2\par \vskip\belowcaptionskip}} 9.6 \l@chapter \begingroup \large

326 9 \renewcommand*{\l@chapter}[2]{% \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}% \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@} \begingroup \parindent\z@ \rightskip\@tocrmarg \parfillskip-\rightskip \leavevmode \large \headfont % \large \setlength\@lnumwidth{4.683zw}% \advance\leftskip\@lnumwidth \hskip-\leftskip #1\nobreak\hfil\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss#2}\par \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup \fi}

327 A A.1 PDF TEX TEX 2006 4 TEX TEX Donald Knuth TEX ε-tex TEX 2006 4 *1 TEX PDF Hàn Th ê Thành pdftex pdfl A TEX PDF 2006 4 ε-tex pdftex pdfε-tex pdfε-l A TEX L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3 ε-tex/pdftex Mac OS X pdfε-tex X TEX *2 Mac OS X ATSUI: Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging E *1 *2 http://scripts.sil.org/xetex/

328 A A.2 TEX Donald Knuth Computer Modern Computer Modern PostScript Type 1 PDF PostScript type1cm type1ec Times Word Young Ryu txfonts Palatino pxfonts A.1 A.1 CM Roman CM Sans Serif CM Typewriter CM Roman pxfonts Palatino Helvetica Monospaced Palatino txfonts Times Helvetica Monospaced Times lmodern LM Roman LM Sans Serif LM Typewriter type1cm CM Roman CM Sans Serif CM Typewriter type1ec EC Roman EC Sans Serif EC Typewriter mathptmx Times Times mathpazo Palatino Palatino helvet Helvetica avant Avant Garde courier Courier bookman Bookman Avant Garde Courier newcent New Century Avant Garde Courier charter Schoolbook Charter lmodern lmodern.sty \ProvidesPackage{lmodern}[2005/02/28] \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{lmr} \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{lmss} \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{lmtt} \endinput

A.2 329 f(z) = 1 (z a) n 2πi C (z n=0 0 a) n+1 f(z 0) dz 0 (z a) n n! f(z 0 ) = n! 2πi n=0 C (z 0 a) n+1 dz 0 (z a) n = f (n) (a) n! n=0 type1cm f (z) = 1 (z a) 2πi n C n=0 (z 0 a) n+1 f (z 0) dz 0 (z a) = n n! f (z 0 ) n! 2πi (z 0 a) n+1 dz 0 = n=0 f (z) = 1 2πi = = C (z a) n f (n) (a) n=0 n! n=0 n=0 f (z) = 1 2πi = n=0 C n=0 (z a) n (z 0 a) n+1 f (z 0) dz 0 (z a) n n! f (z 0 ) n! 2πi (z 0 a) n+1 dz 0 C (z a) n f (n) (a) n! (z a) n C (z n=0 0 a) f (z 0) dz n+1 0 (z a) n n! f (z 0 ) n! 2πi (z 0 a) dz n+1 0 C mathpazo mathptmx (z a) n = f (n) (a) n! n=0 pxfonts f (z) = 1 (z a) n 2πi C (z n=0 0 a) f (z 0) dz n+1 0 (z a) n n! f (z 0 ) = n! 2πi n=0 C (z 0 a) dz n+1 0 (z a) n = f (n) (a) n! n=0 txfonts A A.1

330 A Computer Modern \renewcommand \rmdefault {cmr} \renewcommand \sfdefault {cmss} \renewcommand \ttdefault {cmtt} \normalfont % Times, Helvetica, Courier \renewcommand \rmdefault {ptm}% Postscript TiMes \renewcommand \sfdefault {phv}% Postscript HelVetica \renewcommand \ttdefault {pcr}% Postscript CouRier \normalfont % type1ec \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{type1ec} fontenc textcomp A.1 \usepackge[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{type1ec} \usepackage{type1ec} type1cm, lmodern, txfonts, pxfonts helvet Times scaled \usepackage[scaled=.92]{helvet} scaled 0.95 \usepackage[scaled]{helvet} % 0.95 A.2 \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp}

A.2 331 \usepackage{lmodern}% \makeatletter \newcommand*\showfont[1]{\texttt{\string#1} $=$ {\ttfamily #1}\par} \newcommand*\sampletext[1]{\texttt{\string#1} $=$ {#1 This is a sample text.}\par} \newcommand*\showfontinfo{% \showfont \rmdefault \showfont \sfdefault \showfont \ttdefault \showfont \encodingdefault \showfont \familydefault \showfont \seriesdefault \showfont \shapedefault \sampletext \rmfamily \sampletext \sffamily \sampletext \ttfamily {$\int^\beta_\alpha f(x)dx = \left[ g(x)\right]^\beta_\alpha$}} \makeatother \begin{document} \showfontinfo \end{document} A \usepackage lmodern pxfonts txfonts A.3 Palatino, Helvetica, Courier \usepackage{mathpazo}% palatino \usepackage[scaled]{helvet}% Helvetica \usepackage{courier}% Courier pxfonts A.4 Times, Helvetica, Courier \usepackage{mathptmx}% Times \usepackage[scaled]{helvet}% Helvetica \usepackage{courier}% Courier txfonts Donald Knuth Computer Modern L A TEX 2ε cmtest.tex Dvipdfmx PDF cmtest.pdf \documentclass[a4j,papersize,english]{jsarticle} \usepackage{type1cm}

332 A \author{a. U. Th\ or} \title{a Short Story} \date{\today} \begin{document} \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{a Headline} \subsection{next Headline} This is a sample text\footnote{this is a sample footnote.}. \end{document} pdfinfo cmtest.pdf cmr6, cmr7, cmr8, cmr10, cmr12, cmr17, cmss10, cmss12 *3 type1cm Computer Modern Roman 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 pt type1cm \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{% <-6>cmr5 <6-7>cmr6 <7-8>cmr7 <8-9>cmr8 <9-10>cmr9 <10-12> cmr10 <12-17> cmr12 <17-> cmr17}{} PostScript A.2.1 ptex/pl A TEX JIS X 0208 JIS UTF UTF Adobe-Japan1-6 OTF TEX John Plaice Yannis Haralambous Omega, L A TEX Lambda ε-tex Aleph L A TEX Lamed 2006 4 *3 GothicBBB-Medium Ryumin-Light

A.3 333 A.3 A ASCII ptex jarticle, jreport, jbook jsclasses *4 jsarticle, jsbook, okumacro, okuverb, morisawa jsclasses jsarticle jarticle english jsbook jbook report jreport okuverb verbatim okumacro morisawa 5 A.4 EPS PDF (EPDF) Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx 2006 4 Dvipdfmx BMP, PNG, JPEG, PDF, EPS A.5 TEX TEX *4 5

334 A *5 A.5.1 ptetex TEX Vine Linux (4.0) TEX TEX tetex ptetex TEX, xdvi, dvips, Dvipdfmx Vine Linux Linux Adobe-Japan-1-6 PDF Adobe Reader 7.0 Adobe Reader Adobe Reader OpenLDAP *6 Adobe Adobe Reader Linux RPM rpm # apt-get install openldap openldap-devel # rpm -ivh AdobeReader_jpn-7.0.5-1.i386.rpm ptetex OS TEX tetex # apt-get --purge remove tetex ptetex # apt-get install build-essential bison flex ed # apt-get install zlib-devel libpng-devel ncurses-devel # apt-get install XOrg-devel openmotif-devel RPM *7 date=20060330 # baseurl=http://tutimura.ath.cx/~nob/tex/ptetex/ptetex3/rpm # date=20060330; ver=3.0 # wget $baseurl/vine3-ptetex3-$date-1.i386.rpm.bz2 # wget $baseurl/tetex-texmf-$ver-1.noarch.rpm.bz2 bunzip2 bzip2 -d rpm RPM # bunzip2 *.bz2 # rpm -Uvh tetex-texmf-$ver-1.noarch.rpm # rpm -Uvh Vine3-ptetex3-$date-1.i386.rpm TEX *8 *5 http://tex.dante.jp/typo/ *6 http://www.openldap.org/ *7 http://tutimura.ath.cx/~nob/tex/ptetex/ptetex3/rpm/ *8 Vine Linux OS tetex R-devel, bibtex2html, dvipdfmx, dvipng, hevea, jvf, latex2html, task-tetex, task-texmacro-info, tetex, tetex-doc,

A.5 335 \ifnum 42146=\euc"A4A2 %" \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode EUC-UCS2}}\else \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}} \fi \documentclass[dvipdfm]{jsarticle}[2006/01/04] \usepackage{url}[2004/03/15] \usepackage{type1cm}[2002/09/05] \usepackage{okumacro}[2004/08/23] \usepackage[deluxe]{otf}[2004/08/17] \usepackage{hyperref}[2002/06/06] \usepackage{graphicx}[1999/02/16] \usepackage{color}[1999/02/16] \begin{document} \title{ptetex!!!} \author{} \date \today \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{ptetex3!!!!} \footnote{\url{http://www.nn.iij4u.or.jp/~tutimura/}} \TeX! \section{otf } \CID{13706} \par \UTF{9AD9} \section{otf 2} \CID{20654}\par \CID{20556}\par \CID{15728} \par \CID{16314} \end{document} A file.tex *9 platex file file.dvi xdvi file FT2: * 10 Open Font Error xdvi Dvipdfmx PDF $ dvipdfmx file $ xpdf file.pdf Xpdf OTF * 11 tetex-extra, tetex-macros, texmacro-otf, xdvik, xdvik-search *9 *10 FreeType2 *11 OTF expert

336 A acroread hoge.pdf & Adobe Reader Vine Linux xpdfopen apt-get install xpdfopen $ F=file $ pdfcolose --file $F.pdf $ platex $F; dvipdfmx $F $ pdfopen --file $F.pdf Adobe Reader PDF * 12 A.6 A.6.1 Vine Linux TEX 2006 4 Vine Linux * 13 Vine Linux APT GUI Synaptic apt-get update # apt-get install y # apt-get update # apt-get upgrade 2 TEX apt-get install task-tetex TEX texhash texhash mktexlsr ls-r task-tetex tetex jvf, tetex, tetex-extra, xdvik, dvipdfmx, VFlib, freetype *12 DVI xdvi PDF PDF xpdfopen PDF pdftex *13 2006 4 Vine Linux 3.2

A.6 337 task-texmacro-info tetex texmacro-his, texmacro-ieice, texmacro-ipsj task-texmacro-phys tetex task-tetex, texmacro-jps tetex Thomas Esser TEX tetex tetex-doc tetex /usr/share/texmf/doc/ 60 MB TEX texdoc texdoc verbatim verbatim tetex-extra tetex txfonts, pxfonts tetex-macros tetex jsclasses-041229, prosper-1.00.4, kanjifonts-3.0, epsbox.sty, eclepsf.sty xdvik Paul Vojta DVI xdvik xdvi /usr/share/doc/texmacro- - / texmacro-his his ehis texmacro-ieice ieicej ieice texmacro-ipsj texmacro-jps jpsj2 texmacro-otf OpenType Font IEEE,,, L A TEX Emacs mathabx TEX ec-fonts-mftraced Jörg Knappen Type1 PostScript EC type1ec tipa L A TEX IPA: International Phonetic Alphabet Tipa (Gnu) Emacs Unix OS emacs Emacs color-mate Emacsen elisp yatex Emacs L A TEX (YaTEX) xdvik-search TEX src-special Emacsen elisp A

338 A WYSIWYG winefish L A TEX lyx L A TEX LyX TeXmacs WYSIWYG TEXmacs PDF PDF dvipdfmx DVI to PDF Dvipdfmx xpdf X PDF Xpdf pdftk Sid Steward PDF PDFtk ps2jpdf PostScript to PDF ps2jpdf xpdfopen Adobe Reader [ ] [ ]/[ ] BIBTEX BIBTEX bibtex2html Jean-Christophe Filliâtre Claude Marché.bib to HTML BIBTEX2HTML bibcheck Nelson Beebe BIBTEX bibclean Nelson Beebe BIBTEX bibutils bib2xml, xml2bib to detex Daniel Trinkle TEX DeTEX dvipng Jan-Ake Larsson DVI to PNG latex2rtf L A TEX to RTF L A TEX2RTF pstoedit PostScript/PDF to latex2html Nikos Drakos L A TEX to HTML L A TEX2HTML ngraph 2 Ngraph octave John Eaton Octave. scilab INRIA SciLab R R gnuplot Thomas Williams Colin Kelley Gnuplot gimp Gnu GIMP dia Alexander Larsson GTK+ Dia ImageMagick / xfig Brian Smith tgif William Chia-Wei Cheng 2 Tgif tgif2tex Tgif TEX ghostscript PostScript gv PostScript Ghostscript

339 B B.1 L A TEX L A TEX Unix OS Unix OS Unix OS L A TEX Windows Cgywin GNU Linux Unix [4],,. Cygwin + CygwinJE-Windows UNIX Cygwin is a UNIX environment for Windows., 2003. Cygwin [5]. Linux Vine Linux 2.6 & OpenOffice.org., 2004. GNU Linux Vine Linux OpenOffice.org [6] Jerry Peek, Grace Todino, and John Strang. Unix 5., 2002.. Unix Unix OS [7] Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt. bash 2., 1998. QUIPU LLC,. bash [8] Paul DuBois. csh & tcsh., 2002.,. bash csh [9] Oliver Kiddle, Jerry Peek and Peter Stephenson. From Bash to Z shell Conquering the Command Line. Apress, 2004.

340 B bash tcsh [10] Andrew Oram and Steve Talbott. make., 1997... make [11] Jennifer Vesperman. CVS., 2003.,. CVS [12] Karl Fogel. CVS., 2000. CVS Emacs Windows Meadow OS [13] Debra Cameron, Bill Rosenblatt, and Eric Raymond. GNU Emacs 2., 1999.. GNU Emacs GNU Emacs 100 [14]. Meadow/Emacs., 2003. GNU Emacs Windows Mule Meadow Emacs Emacs Meadow [15] Jeffrey E. F. Friedl. 2., 2003.. [16] Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins. sed & awk., 1997.. Unix OS [17] Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix. Perl 3., 2003.. Perl Perl [18, 19] 2 Perl CGI [18] Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant. Perl 3 VOL- UME 1., 2002.. Perl 1 [19]. Perl 3 VOLUME 2., 2002.

B.1 LATEX 341. Perl 2 [20]. Ruby.,. Ruby Perl [21],. Ruby., 1999. ruby [22] Ken Lunde. CJKV., 2002.. CJKV [23] Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy. HTML & XHTML 5., 2003.. HTML HTML [24] Tara Calishain and Rael Dornfest. Google Hacks & 100., 2003.,. Google Adobe PostScript PDF [25] Adobe Systems. PDF 2 Adobe Portable Document Format Version 1.3., 2001. PDF Acrobat PDF [26]. PostScript 3 ASCII., 2001.. Adobe PostScript [27]. PostScript., 1990.. Adobe PostScript [28] Sid Steward. PDF Hacks., 2005.. PDF *1 [29]. gnuplot., 1999. Gnuplot B *1 MATLAB Octave

342 B [30],. GIMP/GNUPLOT/Tgif UNIX., 1999. GIMP Gnuplot Tgif [31],. GIMP., 2000. GIMP B.2 L A TEX L A TEX B.2.1 1 [32]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. [33] Leslie Lamport. L A TEX 2ε., 1999.. L A TEX L A TEX manual L A TEX [34] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. The L A TEX., 1998.. L A TEX manual [33] L A TEX 2ε [35] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. L A TEX TEX PostScript., 2000.. The L A TEX [34] PostScript [36] Michel Goossens and Sebastian Rahtz. L A TEX Web TEX HTM- L/XML., 2001.. PDF HTML XML TEX [37],,. Linux., 1999. Linux L A TEX Gnuplot Tgif [38]. L A TEX 2ε., 2000. L A TEX 2ε 1

B.2 LATEX 343 [39]. L A TEX 2ε., 2003. [40]. L A TEX 2ε., 2005. L A TEX B B.2.2 2 [41],. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.1 Basic Kit 1999., 1998. pl A TEX 2ε [42]. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.2 Extended Kit., 1997. Gnuplot AMSL A TEX [43]. Ghostscript Another Manual., 1997. Ghostscript [44]. L A TEX 2ε 2., 2000. L A TEX 2ε XΥMTEX [45]. pl A TEX 2ε., 2000. [46]. L A TEX 2ε., 1996. TEX B.2.3 AMSL A TEX [47]. L A TEX 2ε., 2001. AMSL A TEX 1 [48] George Grätzer. Math into L A TEX. Springer, 2000. 1 CTAN: info/mil/

344 B B.2.4 XΥMTEX [49]. XΥMTEX: typesetting chemical structural formulas., 1997. 2 [50]. L A TEX., 1993. B.2.5 L A TEX book.cls [51]. L A TEX 2ε &., 2002. & [52]. L A TEX 2ε &., 2003. B.2.6 TEX L A TEX TEX Donald Knuth plain TEX [53] Donald Knuth. TEX., 1992... TEX 1 [54]. METAFONT., 1994.. TEX 1

B.3 345 B.3 B.3.1 B [55].. 624., 1981. [56],.., 1998. [57].., 2002. [58].., 2004. B.3.2 [59].., 2001. [60].., 2001. [61].., 1999. 3 [62].., 1997. 1 [63].., 1997. [64] Robert Ritter. The Oxford Style Manual. Oxford University Press, 2002. [65] University of Chicago Press Staff. The Chicago Manual of Style 15th edition. Chicago University Press, 2003. B.3.3 10 2

346 B [66]. L A TEX., 1995. [67]. L A TEX., 1996. B.3.4 [68] Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl. The Not So Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε Or L A TEX 2ε in 129 minutes. CTAN: info/lshort/english/ lshort L A TEX L A TEX [69] Tobias Oetiker. L A TEX 2ε 83 L A TEX 2ε.. CTAN: info/lshort/japanese/ lshort jlshort [70],. L A TEX. 1994. http://www.civil.tohoku.ac.jp/~bear/node12.html L A TEX L A TEX 2.09 B.4 World Wide Web Google *2 B.4.1 CTAN Ring Server CTAN Comprehensive TEX Arhcive Network TEX CTAN Graham Williams (CTAN: help/catalogue/index.html) Ring Server *2 http://www.google.co.jp

B.4 347 http://www.dnsbalance.ring.gr.jp/ Ring Server http://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/ CPAN/, GNU/, linux/, text/ *3 B.1 B B.4.2 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX [71] Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, Alan Jeffrey, Leslie Lamport, Frank Mittelbach, Chris Rowley, and Rainer Schöpf. L A TEX 2ε Sources, 2001. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/source2e.tex L A TEX 2ε [72] David Carlisle. The enumerate package, 1999. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/enumerate.dtx L A TEX tools [73]. The longtable package, 2000. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/longtable.dtx L A TEX tools [74]. The ifthen package, 2001. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/ifthen.dtx L A TEX tools [75] Kent McPherson. Displaying page layout variables, 2000. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/layout.dtx [76] Frank Mittelbach. Producing slides with L A TEX 2ε, 1997. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/slides.dtx slides [77]. An environment for multicolumn output, 2003. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/multicol.dtx multicol [78]. An Extension of the L A TEX theorem environment, 2003. macros/latex2e/required/tools/theorem.dtx L A TEX theorem theorem AMSL A TEX *3 http://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/text/

348 B CTAN/ CTAN: Comprehensive TEX Archive Network documentation/ TEX epslatex.pdf Keith Reckdahl L A TEX Using Imported Graphics in L A TEX and pdfl A TEX. gentle/ Michael Doob A Gentle Introduction to TEX A Manual for Self-study L A TEX plain TEX impatient/ Paul W. Abrahams plain TEX TEX for the Impatient The Gnu Free Documentation License (ISBN: 479529643X) lshort/ Tobias Oetiker L A TEX 2ε The Not So Short Introdution to L A TEX 2ε japanese/ mil/ George Grätzer Math into L A TEX An Introduction to L A TEX and AMSL A TEX. 3 (ISBN: 0817641319) symbols/ L A TEX comprehensive/ Scott Pakin L A TEX The Comprehensive L A TEX Symbol List dviware/ dvipdfmx/ Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx fonts/ TEX jknappen/ Jörg Knappen European Computer Modern Fonts EC macros/ TEX latex/ L A TEX 2ε latex2e L A TEX latex209 L A TEX 3 latex3 base/ L A TEX 2ε contrib/ TEX doc/ L A TEX 3 required/ AMSL A TEX, babel, graphicx support/ latexmk/ David J. Musliner L A TEX pdfcrop/ Heiko Oberdiek PDF Perl ( pdftex, Perl, Ghostscript) systems/ win32/ Windows tds/ TUG: TEX Users Group TDS TeX/ CTAN Ring Server TEX ascii-ptex/ ptex/pl A TEX dviout/ Windows DVI dviout ptex-win32/ Windows ptex current/ ptex gs/ Ghostscript B.1 Ring Server

B.4 349 [79] Frank Mittelbach, Denys Duchier, Johannes Braams, Marcin Wolinski, and Mark Wooding. The docstrip program, 1999. CTAN: CTAN/macros/latex2e/base/docstrip.dtx DocStrip [80] Rainer Schöpf, Bernd Raichle and Chris Rowley. A New Implementation of L A TEX s verbatim and verbatim* Environments, 2001. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/verbatim.dtx verbatim [81] L A TEX 3 Project Team. L A TEX 2ε font selection, 2000. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/fntguide.tex L A TEX NFSS L A TEX [82]. L A TEX 2ε for authors, 2001. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/usrguide.tex L A TEX L A TEX [83]. L A TEX 2ε for class and package writers, 1999. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/clsguide.tex [84] Kresten Thorup, Frank Jensen, and Chris Rowley. The calc package, 1998. CTAN: macros/latex2e/required/tools/calc.dtx L A TEX [85] Vlandimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and L A TEX 3 Project Team. Cyrillic languages support in L A TEX, 1999. CTAN: macros/latex2e/base/cyrguide.tex B B.4.3 L A TEX L A TEX [86] Mark Wicks. Dvipdfm User s Manual, 1999. CTAN: dviware/dvipdfm/dvipdfm.pdf Dvipdfm [87]. DVIPDFMx, an extension of DVIPDFM, 2003. http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx [88] Oren Patashnik. BIBTEXing: BIBTEX, 1991.. JBIBTEX. [89]. BIBTEX: JBIBTEX, 1991. JBIBTEX.

350 B [90] Scott Pakin. How to Package Your L A TEX Package, 2003. CTAN: info/dtxtut/ L A TEX. [91] Philipp Lehman. The Font Installation Guide, 2003. CTAN: info/type1fonts/fontinstallationguide/ L A TEX PostScript [92] Karl Berry. Fontname, 2003. CTAN: info/fontname/ L A TEX [93] Walter Schmidt. Using common PostScript fonts with L A TEX, 2004. CTAN: macros/latex/required/psnfss/psnfss2e.pdf L A TEX PostScript [94] TEX Users Group. A Directory Structure for TEX Files, 2003. CTAN: tds/ TEX B.4.4 [95] Carsten Heinz. The Listings Package, 2003. CTAN: macros/latex2e/contrib/listings/ listings [96] Sebastian Rahtz. Hypertext marks in L A TEX the hyperref package, 1998. CTAN: macros/latex2e/contrib/hyperref/ L A TEX hyperref [97] Keith Reckdahl. Using Imported Graphics in L A TEX and pdfl A TEX, 2006. CTAN: info/epslatex.pdf graphicx graphics [98] Timothy Zandt. PSTricks: PostScript macros for Generic TEX, 1993. http://tug.org/pstricks/main.cgi/ PostScript pstricks [99] Piet Oostrum. Page layout in L A TEX. CTAN: macros/latex2e/contrib/fancyhdr/ fancyhdr [100] American Mathematical Society. User s Guide for amsmath Package. http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html AMSL A TEX amsmath

B.5 351 B.5 L A TEX [URL-A] TEX Wiki http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texwiki/. [URL-B] The Publishing TEX http://www.ascii.co.jp/pb/ptex/ TEX TEX [URL-C] W32TEX http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/~kakuto/win32-ptex/ Windows ptex. [URL-D] dviout/dviprt http://akagi.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index-j.html Windows DVI dviout [URL-E] Mac ptex http://macptex.appi.keio.ac.jp/~uchiyama/macptex.html Mac OS X Mac ptex [URL-F] pl A TEX for Windows http://www.grn.mmtr.or.jp/~ohishi/tex/ L A TEX [URL-G] http://imt.chem.kit.ac.jp/fujita/fujitas/fujita.html XΥMTEX [49] [URL-H] http://argent.shinshu-u.ac.jp/otobe/ [URL-I] yama-ga.com http://www.yama-ga.com/ Gnuplot [URL-J] YaTEX http://www.yatex.org/ GNU Emacs elisp. B

352 B [URL-K] TEX http://www.nsknet.or.jp/~tony/tex/texindex.html [URL-L] emath http://emath.s40.xrea.com/ emath [URL-M] L A TEX http://www.klavis.info/texindex.html L A TEX [URL-N] SMALL L A TEX LAB http://www.h4.dion.ne.jp/~latexcat/ [51, 52] [URL-O] L A TEX 2ε http://psitau.at.infoseek.co.jp/ L A TEX OpenType utf/otf [URL-P] http://www.biwako.shiga-u.ac.jp/sensei/kumazawa/ [URL-Q] Home Page http://takeno.iee.niit.ac.jp/~foo/ latex2html Gnuplot [URL-R] Ghostscript 8.53 + GSview 4.8 http://auemath.aichi-edu.ac.jp/~khotta/ghost/ pl A TEX 2ε [URL-S] L A TEX http://www.lg.fukuoka-u.ac.jp/~ynagata/latex.html [URL-T] L A TEX http://www2.tba.t-com.ne.jp/ing/ L A TEX

353 C *1 *2 1.12 2006/05/12 B.1 B.4.4 fancyhdr 1.11 2006/05/12 ver. 1.10 FSF PDF 1.10 2006/05/07 ver. 1.00 1.00 2006/04/20 B.4.1 B FUNNIST Free Software Foundation *1 http://tex.dante.jp/ *2 thor@tex.dante.jp

354 C 3.6.3 5 5.11 AMSL A TEX 6.4 8.20 A 0.34 2005/03/20 0.33 0.33 2004/12/28 free 0.32 2004/01/14 URL e-mail URL B 0.31 2004/08/19 URL B 0.30 2004/08/05 0.21 2004/04/30 0.20 2004/04/16 5 0.10 2004/04/02

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360 D The Gnu Free Documentation License concerns *1. Each version of the license is given a distinguishing version number. If the document specifies that a particular numbered version of this license or any later version applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the document does not specify a version number of this license, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. *1 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/

361 / \............. 69, 120, 274 \!................ 120, 275 \" (ü)................. 61 \#...................... 12 #...................... 11 \$...................... 12 $.......... 11, 15, 99, 114 \%...................... 12 %............... 11, 61, 99 \&...................... 12 &................... 11, 99 array.. 126 eqnarray*... 116 tabular 174 \ (é)................. 61 \(..................... 311 \(..................... 114 \)..................... 311 \)..................... 114 \,........... 119, 120, 275 \-...................... 67 \. (ȧ)................. 61 \/...................... 60 \:........... 119, 120, 275 \;........... 119, 120, 275 \= (ā)................. 61 \@...................... 69 \@biblabel............ 324 \@empty............... 253 \@evenfoot............ 253 \@evenhead............ 253 \@gobbletwo........... 253 \@ifnextchar.......... 131 \@ifstar............... 99 \@makecaption.... 324, 325 \@makechapterhead.... 324 \@makeschapterhead... 324 \@mkboth.............. 253 \@oddfoot............. 253 \@oddhead............. 253 \@startsection....... 324 \[..................... 114 \............... 11, 91, 99 \]..................... 114 \^ (ô)................. 61 ^.............. 11, 99, 121 \_...................... 12 _.............. 11, 99, 121 \ (à)................. 61 \{................. 12, 125 {................... 11, 99 \}.................. 12, 125 }................... 11, 99 \..................... 125 \~ (ñ)................. 61 ~.......... 11, 70, 99, 275 A \AA (Å)............... 61 \aa (å)................ 61 abstract.......... 52 \acute (á)........... 135 \Acute................ 161 \addcontentsline..... 259 \addtocontents....... 259 \addtocounter.... 108, 307 \addtolength..... 263, 307 \addvspace............ 276 \advance.............. 307 \AE (Æ)............... 61 \ae (æ)............... 61 \AffixLabels..... 201, 202 \afterpage............. 87 \aleph (ℵ)........... 136 alignat..... 153, 162 alignedat....... 162 aligned.......... 162 align.. 153, 155, 162 \allinethickness..... 209 \allowdisplaybreaks.. 163 alltt............. 63 \Alph.............. 74, 108 \alph.............. 74, 108 \alpha (α)........... 132 \alphaup (α)......... 169 \amalg ( )........... 134 \and.......... 47, 176, 311 \angle ( )...... 136, 168 \appendix............. 278 \appendixname......... 259 appendix........ 278 \approx ( ).......... 134 \approxeq ( )....... 166 \arabic............ 74, 108 \arc................... 210 \arccos (arccos)..... 122 \arcsin (arcsin)..... 122 \arctan (arctan)..... 122 \arg (arg)............ 122 array... 87, 126, 153, 173, 180, 184 \Arrowvert ( )....... 125 \arrowvert ( )....... 125 \ast ( ).............. 134 \asymp ( )........... 134 \AtBeginDvi........ 30, 38 \AtEndDocument....... 253 \atop.................. 145 \author............. 45, 46 B \b (ā)................. 61 \B..................... 202 \backepsilon ( )..... 166 \backprime ( )....... 168 \backsim ( )........ 166 \backsimeq ( )...... 166 \backslash (\).. 125, 136 \bar (ā)............. 135 \Bar................... 161 \barwedge ( )........ 165 \baselineskip.... 243, 321 \baselinestretch...... 55 \Bbbk (k)............ 168

362 Bcenter.......... 271 Bdescription.... 272 \because ( )......... 166 \begin.................. 20 \begingroup........... 325 Benumerate...... 272 Beqnarray....... 271 \beta (β)............ 132 \betaup (β).......... 169 \beth (ℶ)............ 168 \between ( )......... 166 Bflushleft...... 271 Bflushright..... 271 \bfseries......... 80, 322 \bgroup............... 131 \bibitem......... 220, 221 \bibliography.... 224, 228 \bibliographystyle.. 224, 228 \bibname.............. 259 \Big................... 126 \big................... 126 \bigcap ( T )......... 134 \bigcirc ( )........ 134 \bigcup ( S )......... 134 \bigl.................. 126 \bigm.................. 126 \bignplus ( )....... 169 \bigodot ( J )........ 134 \bigoplus ( L )...... 134 \bigotimes ( N )..... 134 \bigr.................. 126 \bigskip.............. 276 \bigsqcap ( )....... 169 \bigsqcapplus ( )... 169 \bigsqcup ( F )....... 134 \bigsqcupplus ( )... 169 \bigstar ( )........ 168 \bigtriangledown ( )... 134 \bigtriangleup ( ). 134 \biguplus ( U )....... 134 \bigvee ( W )......... 134 \bigwedge ( V )....... 134 \binom................ 164 Bitemize........ 272 \blacklozenge ( )... 168 \blacksquare ( ).... 168 \blacktriangle ( ).. 168 \blacktriangledown ( ). 168 \blacktriangleleft ( ). 166 \blacktriangleright ( ) 166 \bm.................... 142 Bmatrix.......... 156 bmatrix.......... 156 \bmod.................. 122 \boldmath............. 142 \boldsymbol...... 142, 150 \boolean.............. 310 \bordermatrix......... 128 \Bot ( )............. 169 \bot ( )............. 136 \bottomrule........... 178 \bowtie ( )......... 134 \Box ( )............. 137 \boxast ( ).......... 168 \boxbar ( ).......... 168 \boxbslash ( )....... 168 \boxdot ( ).......... 165 \boxdotleft ( ).... 170 \boxdotleft ( ).... 170 \boxdotright ( )... 170 \boxdotright ( )... 170 \boxleft ( )....... 170 \boxleft ( )....... 170 \boxminus ( )....... 165 \boxplus ( )........ 165 \boxput............... 273 \boxput*.............. 273 \boxright ( )...... 170 \boxright ( )...... 170 \boxslash ( )........ 168 \boxtimes ( )....... 165 \brace................ 145 \bracevert (>)...... 125 \brack................ 145 \breve (ă)........... 135 \Breve................ 161 \bullet ( ).......... 134 \Bumpeq ( ).......... 166 \bumpeq ( ).......... 166 C \c (ç)................. 61 \Cap ( )............. 165 \cap ( )............. 134 \caption......... 109, 173 \cases................ 145 cases....... 145, 153 \cbezier.............. 211 \cdot ( )............. 134 \cdots ( )......... 136 CD............... 150 cemph............. 94 \centerdot ( )....... 165 \centering... 72, 103, 324 center........ 71, 72 \cfoot................ 251 \cfrac................ 164 \chapter.. 48, 49, 109, 318 \chapter*......... 52, 257 \chaptermark.......... 252 \chead................ 251 \check (ǎ)........... 135 \Check................ 161 \checkmark ( )...... 168 \chi (χ)............. 132 \chiup (χ)........... 169 \choose............... 145 \circ ( )............ 134 \circeq ( ).......... 166 \circle*......... 206, 210 \circlearrowleft ( )... 167 \circlearrowright ( ).. 167 \circledast ( )..... 165 \circledbar ( )..... 168 \circledbslash ( ).. 168 \circledcirc ( ).... 165 \circleddash ( ).... 165 \circleddotleft ( )... 170 \circleddotright ( ).. 170 \circledgtr ( )..... 170 \circledless ( ).... 170 \circledr (R)....... 168 \circleds (S)....... 168 \circledvee ( )..... 168 \circledwedge ( )... 168 \circleleft ( ).... 170 \circleright ( )... 170 \cite......... 88, 220, 224 \citeform........ 235, 236 \citeleft............. 235 \citemid.............. 235 \citepunct............ 235 \citeright............ 235 \cleaders............. 278 \cleardoublepage..... 254 \clearpage........ 87, 253 \cline............ 128, 175 \clubsuit ( )....... 136 \cmidrule........ 178, 179 \cmr................... 328 \cmss.................. 328 \cmtt.................. 328

363 \Colonapprox ( )... 170 \colonapprox ( ).... 170 \Coloneq ( )........ 170 \coloneq ( )........ 170 \Coloneqq ( )....... 170 \coloneqq ( )....... 170 \Colonsim ( )....... 170 \colonsim ( )....... 170 \color................ 283 \colorbox............. 283 \columnsep.. 239, 245, 260, 263 \columnseprule.. 239, 260, 263 \columnwidth.......... 260 comment........... 61 \complement ( )...... 168 \cong ( =)....... 134, 170 \contentsname......... 259 \coprod ( )......... 134 \cos (cos)............ 122 \cosh (cosh)......... 122 \cot (cot)............ 122 \coth (coth)......... 122 \cr.................... 129 \crcr.................. 141 \csc (csc)............ 122 \Cup ( )............. 165 \cup ( )............. 134 \curlyeqprec ( ).... 166 \curlyeqsucc ( ).... 166 \curlyvee ( )....... 165 \curlywedge ( )..... 165 \curvearrowleft ( ) 167 \curvearrowright ( )... 167 \Cvs................... 324 \cvs................... 323 D \d (ạ)................. 61 \dag ( )............... 61 \dagger ( ).......... 134 \daleth (ℸ).......... 168 dashjoin........ 208 \dashleftarrow ( ).... 167, 170 \dashleftrightarrow ( ) 170 \dashline........ 208, 209 \dashrightarrow ( )... 167, 170 \dashv ( )........... 134 \date............... 45, 46 \day................... 254 \dbinom............... 164 \ddag ( ).............. 61 \ddagger ( )......... 134 \ddddot (... a )......... 161 \dddot (... a )........... 161 \ddot (ä)............ 135 \Ddot.................. 161 \ddots (... ).......... 136 \DeclareMathOperator 150, 160, 161 \DeclareRobustCommand 93, 94 \definecolor.......... 283 \deg (deg)........... 122 \Delta ( )........... 133 \delta (δ)........... 132 \deltaup (δ)......... 169 \depthof.............. 308 description...... 73 \det (det)............ 122 \dfrac................ 164 \DH (Ð)............... 61 \dh (ð)................ 61 \diagdown ( )....... 168 \diagup ( )......... 168 \Diamond ( ).... 137, 169 \diamond ( )......... 134 \Diamondblack ( )... 169 \Diamonddot ( )..... 169 \DiamonddotLeft ( )... 170 \Diamonddotleft ( )... 170 \DiamonddotRight ( ).. 170 \Diamonddotright ( ).. 170 \DiamondLeft ( )... 170 \Diamondleft ( )... 170 \DiamondRight ( ). 170 \Diamondright ( ). 170 \diamondsuit ( ).... 136 \digamma (Ϝ)........ 168 \dim (dim)........... 122 \displaybreak......... 163 displaymath..... 115 \displaystyle.... 130, 164 \div ( )............. 134 \divide............... 307 \divideontimes ( ).. 165 \DJ (Ð)............... 61 \dj (đ)................ 61 \documentclass. 19, 24, 29 \documentstyle......... 29 document.......... 19 \dot (ȧ)............. 135 \Dot.................. 161 \doteq ( =)....... 134, 170 \doteqdot ( )....... 166 \dotfill......... 147, 278 \dotplus ( )........ 165 \dotsb................ 154 \dotsc................ 154 \dotsi................ 154 \dotsm................ 154 \dotso................ 154 dottedjoin...... 208 \dottedline...... 208, 209 \doublebarwedge ( ). 165 \doublebox............ 270 \doublespacing......... 55 \Downarrow ( ).. 125, 135 \downarrow ( ).. 125, 135 \downbracefill....... 278 \downdownarrows ( ) 167 \downharpoonleft ( ) 167 \downharpoonright ( )... 167 drawjoin........ 208 \drawline........ 208, 209 E \E..................... 202 \ell (l).............. 136 \ellipse*............. 210 \em................. 59, 60 \emph........... 59, 60, 65 \emptyset ( )........ 136 \end.................... 20 \endfirsthead......... 181 \endfoot.............. 181 \endhead.............. 181 \endlastfoot.......... 181 \EndPicture............ 43 \endsetlabels......... 201 \enskip............... 274 \enspace.............. 274 \ensuremath........... 256 enumerate. 73, 74, 87 \epsilon (ɛ)......... 132 \epsilonup (ɛ)....... 169 \eqcirc ( ).......... 166 \Eqcolon ( )........ 170 \eqcolon ( )........ 170 eqnarray*........ 116 eqnarray.... 109, 117 \Eqqcolon ( )....... 170

364 \eqqcolon ( )....... 170 \eqslantgtr ( )..... 166 \eqslantless ( ).... 166 \equal............ 309, 310 \equation............. 109 equation........ 115 \equiv ( )........... 134 \eta (η)............. 132 \etaup (η)........... 169 \eth (ð)............. 168 \evensidemargin. 239, 321 \exists ( ).......... 136 \exp (exp)........... 122 F \fallingdotseq ( ).. 166 \fancyfoot............ 252 \fancyhead............ 252 \fancyput............. 273 \fancyput*............ 273 \fbox........ 266, 270, 273 \fboxrule........ 266, 284 \fboxsep......... 266, 284 \fcolorbox............ 284 figure*. 260, 261, 263 \figurename........... 259 figure 172, 173, 261, 263 filecontents..... 23 \fill.................. 277 \filltype............. 210 \fint ( )............. 169 \Finv (Ⅎ)............ 168 flalign..... 153, 155 \flat ( )............. 136 flushleft..... 71, 72 flushright.... 71, 72 \fnsymbol............. 108 \footnote.............. 59 \footnotemark......... 177 \footnotesize...... 78, 79 \footnotetext......... 177 \footrulewidth....... 251 \footskip... 239, 242, 244, 321 \forall ( ).......... 136 \frac... 123, 140, 144, 164 \framebox........ 266, 270 framebox........ 273 \frontmatter........... 52 \frown ( ).......... 134 \fullwidth............ 241 fverbatim....... 272 G \Game ( )............ 168 \Gamma (Γ)........... 133 \gamma (γ)........... 132 \gammaup (γ)......... 169 gathered........ 162 gather. 152, 154, 162 \gcd (gcd)........... 122 \ge ( ).............. 134 \genfrac.............. 164 \geometry............. 241 \geqq ( )............ 166 \geqslant ( )....... 166 \gg ( ).............. 134 \ggg ( )............ 166 \gimel........... (ג) 168 \gnapprox ( )....... 167 \gneq ( )............ 167 \gneqq ( )........... 167 \gnsim ( )........... 167 \graphicspath......... 201 \grave (à)........... 135 \Grave................ 161 \grid.................. 208 \GridLineWidth....... 202 \gtfamily.............. 81 \gtrapprox ( )...... 166 \gtrdot ( ).......... 166 \gtreqless ( )...... 166 \gtreqqless ( )..... 166 \gtrless ( )........ 166 \gtrsim ( ).......... 166 \guillemotleft («)... 61 \guillemotright (»).. 61 \guilsinglleft ( )... 61 \guilsinglright ( ).. 61 \gvertneqq ( )...... 167 H \H ( a)................. 61 \hat (â)............. 135 \Hat................... 161 \hbar ( )........ 136, 168 \HCode.................. 43 \hdotsfor........ 153, 157 \headfont............. 323 \headheight. 239, 242, 244, 321 \headrulewidth....... 251 \headsep 239, 242, 244, 321 \heartsuit ( )...... 136 \heightof............. 308 \hfil............. 253, 277 \hfill............ 200, 277 \hline....... 128, 174, 175 \hoffset..... 239, 245, 321 \hom (hom).......... 122 \hookleftarrow ( ). 135 \hookrightarrow ( ) 135 \hour.................. 254 \hphantom............. 143 \href.................. 293 \hrulefill............ 278 \hslash (ħ).......... 168 \hspace............... 254 \hspace*......... 254, 275 \hss................... 141 \Huge............... 78, 79 \huge............... 78, 79 \hypertarget.......... 293 \hyphenation........... 67 I \i (ı)................. 61 \idotsint ( ) 161, 169 \iffloatpage.......... 251 \ifthenelse........... 309 \iiiint ( )... 161, 169 \iiint ( )..... 161, 169 \iint ( )....... 161, 169 \Im (I).............. 136 \imath (ı)............ 136 \in ( ).............. 134 \include.............. 279 \includegraphics 188, 190, 193, 196, 201 \includeonly.......... 279 \indent................ 54 indentation...... 54 \inf (inf)............ 122 \infty ( ).......... 136 \injlim (inj lim)..... 160 \input............ 198, 279 \int ( R )............. 134 \intercal ( )........ 165 \intertext............ 162 \invamp ( ).......... 168 \iota (ι)............. 132 \iotaup (ι)........... 169 \isodd............ 309, 310 \item................... 73 itemize........... 73 \itshape............... 80 J \j (j)................. 61 \jmath (j)............ 136

365 \Join ( )....... 137, 170 \jput.................. 208 K \k (ǫ)................. 61 \kappa (κ)........... 132 \kappaup (κ)......... 169 \ker (ker)............ 122 L \L (Ł)................. 61 \l (ł)................. 61 \L..................... 202 \l@chapter............ 325 \label... 88, 104, 112, 115, 173 \labelenumi............ 75 \Lambda (Λ).......... 133 \lambda (λ).......... 132 \lambdabar (ƛ)....... 169 \lambdaslash (ƛ).... 169 \lambdaup (λ)........ 169 \langle ( ).......... 125 \LARGE.............. 78, 79 \Large.............. 78, 79 \large......... 78, 79, 325 \LaTeX............. 71, 255 \LaTeXe............... 255 \layout............... 237 \lbag ( )............. 169 \lbrace ({).......... 125 \lceil ( )........... 125 \ldots (...).......... 136 \ldots................ 136 \le ( ).............. 134 \leaders.............. 278 \leadsto ( )... 137, 170 \leadstoext ( )..... 170 \left.................. 124 \left(................ 129 \Leftarrow ( )...... 135 \leftarrow ( )...... 135 \leftarrowfill....... 278 \leftarrowtail ( ). 167 \leftharpoondown ( )... 135 \leftharpoonup ( ). 135 \leftidx......... 122, 163 \leftleftarrows ( ) 167 \Leftrightarrow ( ) 135 \leftrightarrow ( ) 135 \leftrightarrows ( )... 167 \leftrightharpoons ( ). 167 \leftrightsquigarrow ( )......... 167 \leftsquigarrow ( ) 170 \leftthreetimes ( ) 165 \lengthtest...... 309, 310 \leqq ( )............ 166 \leqslant ( )....... 166 \lessapprox ( )..... 166 \lessdot ( )........ 166 \lesseqgtr ( )...... 166 \lesseqqgtr ( )..... 166 \lessgtr ( )........ 166 \lesssim ( )........ 166 \lfloor ( ).......... 125 \lfoot................ 251 \lgroup (:)......... 125 \lhd ( )........ 137, 168 \lhead................ 251 \lim (lim)............ 122 \liminf (lim inf)..... 122 \limits........... 123, 160 \limsup (lim sup).... 122 \line.................. 206 \linewidth............ 200 \Link................... 44 \listfigurename...... 259 \listfiles............. 26 \listoffigures......... 50 \listoftables.......... 50 \listtablename....... 259 \ljoin ( )........... 170 \ll ( ).............. 134 \llbracket ( )....... 169 \llcorner ( )........ 168 \Lleftarrow ( ).... 167 \lll ( )............ 166 \lmoustache (z)...... 125 \lnapprox ( )....... 167 \lneq ( )............ 167 \lneqq ( )........... 167 \lnsim ( )........... 167 \log (log)............ 122 \Longleftarrow ( =) 135 \longleftarrow ( ) 135 \Longleftrightarrow ( )........ 135 \Longmappedfrom ( = )... 170 \longmappedfrom ( )... 170 \Longmapsto ( = )... 170 \longmapsto ( )... 135 \Longmmappedfrom ( = ). 170 \longmmappedfrom ( ). 170 \Longmmapsto ( = ).. 170 \longmmapsto ( ).. 170 \Longrightarrow (= )... 135 \longrightarrow ( )... 135 longtable....... 181 \looparrowleft ( ). 167 \looparrowright ( ) 167 \lozenge ( )......... 168 lrbox............ 268 \lrcorner ( )........ 168 \lrtimes ( )......... 170 \Lsh ( ).............. 167 \lstdefinelanguage... 287 \lstdefinestyle. 285, 286 \lstinputlisting..... 285 \lstlistingname...... 289 lstlisting...... 285 \lstlistlistingname.. 289 \lstlistoflistings... 289 \lstnewenvironment... 286 \lstset............... 285 \ltimes ( ).......... 165 \ltrans............... 122 \lvertneqq ( )...... 167 M \makeatletter..... 98, 100 \makeatother...... 98, 100 \makebox......... 207, 266 \maketitle 46, 48, 52, 176, 323 \maltese ( )........ 168 \Mappedfrom ( ).... 170 \mappedfrom ( ).... 170 \Mapsto ( )......... 170 \mapsto ( )......... 135 \marginpar............. 59 \marginparpush... 239, 321 \marginparsep... 239, 242, 245, 321 \marginparwidth. 239, 242, 245, 321 \markboth............. 250 \markright............ 250 \MARU................... 75 \mathbb............... 118 \mathbf........... 118, 142

366 \mathcal.............. 118 \mathfrak............. 118 \mathit............. 2, 118 \mathnormal........... 118 \mathrel.............. 166 \mathrm........... 118, 133 \mathsf............... 118 \mathstrut............ 143 \mathtt............... 118 math............. 114 \matrix............... 128 \matrixput............ 208 matrix 128, 153, 156, 157 \max (max).......... 122 \mbox......... 67, 144, 266 \mcfamily.............. 81 \mdseries.............. 80 \measuredangle ( ).. 168 \medbullet ( )....... 168 \medcirc ( )......... 168 \medmuskip............ 119 \medskip.............. 276 \medspace............. 162 \mho ( )........ 137, 168 \mid ( ).............. 134 \midrule.............. 178 \min (min)........... 122 minipage.... 200, 267 \minute............... 254 \Mmappedfrom ( )... 170 \mmappedfrom ( )... 170 \Mmapsto ( )....... 170 \mmapsto ( )....... 170 \models ( =)......... 134 \month................ 254 \mp ( ).............. 134 \mtt.................... 63 \mttfamily............. 63 \mu (µ).............. 132 \multicolsep.......... 263 multicols....... 261 \multicolumn 128, 147, 174, 175, 179 \multimap ( )...... 167 \multimapboth ( ).. 170 \multimapbothvert ( )... 170 \multimapdot ( ).... 170 \multimapdotboth ( ).. 170 \multimapdotbotha ( ). 170 \multimapdotbothavert ( )........... 170 \multimapdotbothb ( ). 170 \multimapdotbothbvert ( )........... 170 \multimapdotbothvert ( ) 170 \multimapdotinv ( ) 170 \multimapinv ( ).... 170 \multiply............. 307 \multiput............. 206 \multiputlist......... 208 \multirow............. 180 \multlinegap.......... 156 multline........ 153 \muup (µ)............ 169 myfigure.... 261, 263 mytable..... 261, 263 N \nabla ( )........... 136 \napprox ( )......... 170 \napproxeq ( )....... 170 \nasymp ( ).......... 170 \natural ( )......... 136 \nbacksim ( )........ 170 \nbacksimeq ( )..... 170 \nbumpeq ( )......... 170 \nbumpeq ( )......... 170 \ncong ( )........... 167 \ne ( ).............. 170 \Nearrow ( )........ 170 \nearrow ( )........ 135 \neg ( )............. 136 \negmedspace.......... 162 \negthickspace....... 162 \negthinspace.... 162, 274 \neq ( )............. 134 \nequiv ( ).......... 170 \newboolean........... 309 \newcolumntype....... 179 \newcommand............ 92 \newcommand*.......... 281 \newcounter. 105, 108, 307 \newenvironment....... 93 \newlabel........ 107, 112 \newlength....... 263, 307 \newline............... 68 \newpage.............. 253 \newsavebox........... 268 \newtheorem...... 137, 138 \nexists ( )......... 168 \NG (Ŋ)............... 61 \ng (ŋ)................ 61 \ngeq ( )............ 167 \ngeqq ( )........... 167 \ngeqslant ( )...... 167 \ngg ( )............. 170 \ngtr ( )............ 167 \ngtrapprox ( )..... 170 \ngtrless ( )........ 170 \ngtrsim ( )......... 170 \ni ( ).............. 134 \nleftarrow ( ).... 167 \nleftarrow ( ).... 167 \nleftrightarrow ( )... 167 \nleftrightarrow ( )... 167 \nleq ( )............ 167 \nleqq ( )........... 167 \nleqslant ( )...... 167 \nless ( )........... 167 \nlessapprox ( ).... 170 \nlessgtr ( )........ 170 \nlesssim ( )........ 170 \nll ( )............. 170 \nmid ( )............. 167 \nobreak.............. 324 \nocite............... 228 \noindent.............. 54 \nolimits............. 123 \nonumber............. 117 \normalfont...... 253, 322 \normalsize........ 78, 79 \not......... 134, 141, 311 \notag................ 153 \notin (/ )...... 134, 170 \notni ( )........... 170 \nparallel ( )....... 167 \nplus ( )........... 168 \nprec ( )........... 167 \nprecapprox ( ).... 170 \npreccurlyeq ( )... 170 \npreceq ( )........ 167 \npreceqq ( )........ 170 \nprecsim ( )........ 170 \nrightarrow ( )... 167 \nshortmid ( )....... 167 \nshortparallel ( ). 167 \nsim ( )....... 167, 170 \nsimeq ( ).......... 170 \nsqsubset ( )....... 170 \nsqsubseteq ( ).... 170 \nsqsupset ( )....... 170 \nsqsupseteq ( ).... 170

\nsubset ( )......... 170 \nsubset ( )......... 170 \nsubseteq ( )...... 167 \nsucc ( )........... 167 \nsuccapprox ( ).... 170 \nsucccurlyeq ( )... 170 \nsucceq ( )........ 167 \nsucceqq ( )........ 170 \nsuccsim ( )........ 170 \nsupset ( )......... 170 \nsupset ( )......... 170 \nsupseteq ( )...... 167 \nsupseteqq ( )..... 167 \nthickapprox ( )... 170 \ntriangleleft ( ).. 167 \ntrianglelefteq ( )... 167 \ntriangleright ( ) 167 \ntrianglerighteq ( ).. 167 \ntwoheadleftarrow ( ). 170 \ntwoheadrightarrow ( ) 170 \nu (ν)............... 132 \null.................. 323 \number............... 255 \numberwithin......... 159 \nuup (ν)............. 169 \nvarparallel ( )... 170 \nvarparallelinv ( ) 170 \nvdash ( ).......... 167 \nvdash ( ).......... 167 \nvdash ( ).......... 167 \Nwarrow ( )........ 170 \nwarrow ( )........ 135 O \O (Ø)................ 61 \o (ø)................. 61 \oddsidemargin... 239, 321 \odot ( )............ 134 \OE (Œ)............... 61 \oe (œ)............... 61 \oiiint ( )......... 169 \oiiintclockwise ( )... 169 \oiiintctrclockwise ( ) 169 \oiint ( )........... 169 \oiintclockwise ( ). 169 \oiintctrclockwise ( ). \oint 169 ( H )....... 134, 161 \ointclockwise ( ).. 169 \ointctrclockwise ( )... 169 \Omega (Ω)........... 133 \omega (ω)........... 132 \omegaup (ω)......... 169 \ominus ( ).......... 134 \onecolabstract...... 313 \onecolumn....... 260, 261 \onehalfspacing....... 55 \ooalign.............. 141 \openjoin ( )....... 170 \opentimes ( )....... 170 \operatorname......... 161 \oplus ( )........... 134 \or.................... 311 \oslash ( ).......... 134 \otimes ( ).......... 134 \oval.................. 206 \Ovalbox.............. 270 \ovalbox.............. 270 \overbrace............ 135 \overleftarrow... 135, 163 \overleftrightarrow.. 163 \overline............. 135 \overrightarrow. 135, 163 \overset.............. 163 P \P ( )................. 61 \p@.................... 321 \pagecolor............ 283 \pagenumbering....... 250 \pageref..... 105, 111, 112 \pagestyle............ 249 \paperheight.......... 242 \paperwidth........... 242 \par............. 53, 68, 70 \paragraph......... 48, 49 \parallel ( )........ 134 \parbox............... 267 \parindent......... 53, 68 \parskip............... 54 \part............... 48, 49 \partial ( )......... 136 \path............. 210, 292 \Perp ( )............ 170 \perp ( )............ 134 \phantom.............. 143 \Phi (Φ)............. 133 \phi (φ)............. 132 367 \phiup (φ)........... 169 \Pi (Π).............. 133 \pi (π).............. 132 \picsquare............ 208 \Picture............... 43 \Picture+.............. 43 picture.... 172, 186, 205, 211 \pitchfork ( )...... 166 \piup (π)............ 169 \platex............... 255 \platexe.............. 255 \pm (±).............. 134 \pmatrix.............. 128 pmatrix..... 128, 156 \pmod.................. 122 \postchaptername..... 259 \postpartname......... 259 \postsectionname..... 257 \pounds ( )........... 61 \Pr (Pr)............. 122 \prec ( )............ 134 \precapprox ( )..... 166 \preccurlyeq ( ).... 166 \preceq ( ).......... 134 \preceqq ( )......... 170 \prechaptername...... 259 \precnapprox ( ).... 167 \precnsim ( )....... 167 \precsim ( )........ 166 \prepartname.......... 259 \presectionname...... 257 \prime ( )............ 136 \prod ( Q )........... 134 \projlim (proj lim)... 160 \propto ( ).......... 134 \protect............... 95 \providecommand....... 93 \ps@total............. 253 \Psi (Ψ)............. 133 \psi (ψ)............. 132 \psiup (ψ)........... 169 \ptex.................. 255 \put................... 206 \putfile.............. 208 Q \qbezier..... 206, 210, 211 \qquad............ 120, 274 \quad............. 120, 274 quotation........ 64 \quotedblbase ( )..... 61 \quotesinglbase ( )... 61 quote......... 54, 64

368 R \r ( o)................. 61 \R..................... 202 \raggedleft............ 72 \raggedright...... 72, 324 \raisebox............. 269 \rangle ( ).......... 125 \rbag ( )............. 169 \rbrace (}).......... 125 \rceil ( )........... 125 \Re (R).............. 136 \real.................. 308 \ref..... 88, 105, 112, 173 \reflectbox........... 192 \refname.............. 257 \refstepcounter...... 108 \renewcommand...... 92, 93 \renewenvironment..... 93 \Requirepacakge...... 321 \resizebox............ 193 \rfloor ( ).......... 125 \rfoot................ 251 \rgroup (;)......... 125 \rhd ( )........ 137, 168 \rhead................ 251 \rho (ρ).............. 132 \rhoup (ρ)........... 169 \right................ 124 \right)............... 129 \Rightarrow ( ).... 135 \rightarrow ( ).... 135 \rightarrowfill...... 278 \rightarrowtail ( ) 167 \rightharpoondown ( ).. 135 \rightharpoonup ( ) 135 \rightleftarrows ( )... 167 \rightleftharpoons ( ). 135, 167 \rightrightarrows ( ).. 167 \rightsquigarrow ( )... 167 \rightthreetimes ( )... 165 \risingdotseq ( )... 166 \rjoin ( )........... 170 \rmfamily.............. 80 \rmoustache ({)...... 125 \Roman............. 74, 108 \roman............. 74, 108 \rotatebox............ 192 \rrbracket ( )....... 169 \Rsh ( ).............. 167 \rtimes ( ).......... 165 \rule.................. 269 S \S ( )................. 61 \samepage............. 254 \savebox.............. 268 \sb.................... 121 \Sbox.................. 271 \sbox.................. 268 Sbox............. 270 \scalebox............. 192 \scriptscriptstyle.. 130, 164 \scriptsize........ 78, 79 \scriptstyle..... 130, 164 \scshape............... 80 \Searrow ( )........ 170 \searrow ( )........ 135 \sec (sec)............ 122 \section. 48, 49, 109, 318, 324 \sectionmark.......... 252 \setboolean........... 309 \setbox............... 268 \setcounter. 107, 108, 307 \SetLabels............ 201 \setlength....... 263, 307 \setminus (\)........ 134 \settodepth...... 265, 307 \settoheight.......... 307 \settoheigth.......... 265 \settowidth...... 265, 307 \sffamily.............. 80 \sfrac................ 131 \shadowbox............ 270 \sharp ( )............ 136 \shortmid ( )......... 166 \shortparallel ( ).. 166 \shoveleft....... 153, 155 \shoveright...... 153, 155 \ShowGrid........ 201, 202 \sideset.............. 163 \Sigma (Σ)........... 133 \sigma (σ)........... 132 \sigmaup (σ)......... 169 \sim ( )............. 134 \simeq ( )........... 134 \sin (sin)............ 122 \singlespacing......... 55 \sinh (sinh).......... 122 \slshape............... 80 \small.............. 78, 79 \smallfrown ( )..... 166 \smallmatrix.......... 157 \smallsetminus ( ).. 165 \smallskip............ 276 \smallsmile ( )..... 166 \smash................ 143 \smile ( ).......... 134 \sp.................... 121 spacing........... 55 \spadesuit ( )...... 136 \spbreve.............. 161 \spcheck.............. 161 \spdddot.............. 161 \spddot............... 161 \spdot................ 161 \special.............. 213 \sphat................ 161 \sphericalangle ( ). 168 \spline............... 210 split....... 153, 154 \sptilde.............. 161 \sqcap ( )........... 134 \sqcapplus ( )...... 168 \sqcup ( )........... 134 \sqcupplus ( )...... 168 \sqiiintop ( )...... 169 \sqiintop ( )....... 169 \sqint ( )............ 169 \sqrt.................. 123 \sqsubset ( ).. 137, 166 \sqsubseteq ( )..... 134 \sqsupset ( ).. 137, 166 \sqsupseteq ( )..... 134 \square ( ).......... 168 \SS (ß).............. 61 \ss (ß)................ 61 \stackrel............. 141 \star ( )............ 134 \stepcounter.......... 108 \stretch.............. 277 \strictfi ( )....... 170 \strictif ( )....... 170 \strictiff ( )...... 170 \strut................ 201 subarray.... 157, 158 subequations.... 158 \subparagraph...... 48, 49 \subsection... 48, 49, 318, 322 \Subset ( ).......... 166 \subset ( ).......... 134 \subseteq ( )....... 134 \subseteqq ( )...... 166

369 \subsetneq ( )...... 167 \subsetneqq ( )..... 167 \substack... 141, 157, 158 \subsubsection 48, 49, 318 \succ ( )............ 134 \succapprox ( )..... 166 \succcurlyeq ( ).... 166 \succeq ( ).......... 134 \succeqq ( )......... 170 \succnapprox ( ).... 167 \succnsim ( )....... 167 \succsim ( )........ 166 \sum ( P )............ 134 \sup (sup)........... 122 \Supset ( ).......... 166 \supset ( ).......... 134 \supseteq ( )....... 134 \supseteqq ( )...... 166 \supsetneq ( )...... 167 \supsetneqq ( )..... 167 \surd ( )............ 136 \Swarrow ( )........ 170 \swarrow ( )........ 135 \symbol............... 165 \syntaxonly............ 82 T \t ( oo)................ 61 \T..................... 202 tabbing.......... 173 \table................ 109 table*.. 260, 261, 263 \tablename............ 259 \tableofcontents. 50, 257 table.. 172, 173, 181, 261, 263 tabular*.......... 87 tabularx.... 184, 185 tabular 87, 172, 173, 176, 179, 180, 184 \tag.............. 153, 158 \tag*.................. 153 \tan (tan)........... 122 \tanh (tanh)......... 122 \tau (τ)............. 132 \tauup (τ)............ 169 \tbinom............... 164 \TeX............... 71, 255 \texorpdfstring. 294, 295 \text........ 118, 119, 150 \textacutedbl ( )... 258 \textasciiacute ( ). 258 \textasciibreve ( ). 258 \textasciicaron (ˇ). 258 \textasciicircum...... 12 \textasciidieresis ( ).. 258 \textasciigrave (`). 258 \textasciimacron ( )... 258 \textasciitilde....... 12 \textasteriskcentered ( )........... 258 \textbackslash......... 12 \textbaht ( )....... 258 \textbar............... 12 \textbardbl ( )...... 258 \textbf................ 80 \textbigcircle ( ). 258 \textblank ( )....... 258 \textborn ( )........ 258 \textbrokenbar ( )... 258 \textbullet ( )...... 258 \textcelsius ( )... 258 \textcent ( )........ 258 \textcentoldstyle ( )... 258 \textcircledp ( ).. 258 \textcolonmonetary ( ). 258 \textcolor............ 283 \textcopyleft ( ).. 258 \textcopyright ( ). 258 \textcurrency ( )... 258 \textdagger ( )...... 258 \textdaggerdbl ( ).. 258 \textdblhyphen ( )... 258 \textdblhyphenchar ( )... 258 \textdegree ( )...... 258 \textdied ( )........ 258 \textdiscount ( )... 258 \textdiv ( )........ 258 \textdivorced ( )... 258 \textdollar ($)...... 258 \textdollaroldstyle ($) 258 \textdong ( )........ 258 \textdownarrow ( ).. 258 \texteightoldstyle (8).. 258 \textestimated ( ).. 258 \texteuro ( )....... 258 \textfiveoldstyle (5)... 258 \textflorin (ƒ)...... 258 \textfouroldstyle (4)... 258 \textfractionsolidus ( ) 258 \textgravedbl ( )... 258 \textgreater........... 12 \textgt................ 81 \textguarani ( ).... 258 \textheight. 239, 242, 243, 245, 321 \textinterrobang ( ) 258 \textinterrobangdown ( ) 258 \textit............. 60, 80 \textlangle ( )...... 258 \textlbrackdbl ( ).. 258 \textleaf ( )....... 258 \textleftarrow ( ). 258 \textless.............. 12 \textlira ( )........ 258 \textlnot ( )....... 258 \textlquill ( )...... 258 \textmarried ( ).... 258 \textmc................ 81 \textmd................ 80 \textmho ( )......... 258 \textminus ( )...... 258 \textmtt............... 63 \textmu (µ).......... 258 \textmusicalnote ( ) 258 \textnaira ( )...... 258 \textnineoldstyle (9)... 258 \textnumero ( )..... 258 \textohm (Ω)......... 258 \textonehalf (½)..... 258 \textoneoldstyle (1) 258 \textonequarter (¼). 258 \textonesuperior (¹) 258 \textopenbullet ( ). 258 \textordfeminine (ª) 258 \textordmasculine (º)... 258 \textparagraph ( ).. 258 \textperiodcentered ( ). 258 \textpertenthousand (% )......... 258 \textperthousand (% ).. 258 \textpeso ( )....... 258 \textpilcrow ( )..... 258 \textpm (±).......... 258 \textquotedbl (").... 61 \textquotesingle (') 258

370 \textquotestraightbase ( )........... 258 \textquotestraightdblbase ( )........... 258 \textrangle ( )...... 258 \textrbrackdbl ( ).. 258 \textrecipe ( )..... 258 \textreferencemark ( ).. 258 \textregistered ( ) 258 \textrightarrow ( ) 258 \textrm................ 80 \textrquill ( )...... 258 \textsc................ 80 \textsection ( )..... 258 \textservicemark ( ) 258 \textsevenoldstyle (7).. 258 \textsf................ 80 \textsixoldstyle (6) 258 \textsl................ 80 \textsterling ( )... 258 \textstyle....... 130, 164 \textsurd ( )........ 258 \textthreeoldstyle (3).. 258 \textthreequarters (¾).. 258 \textthreequartersemdash ( ).......... 258 \textthreesuperior (³).. 258 \texttildelow ( )... 258 \texttimes ( )...... 258 \texttrademark ( ).. 258 \texttt............. 63, 80 \texttwelveudash ( ) 258 \texttwooldstyle (2) 258 \texttwosuperior (²) 258 \textuparrow ( ).... 258 \textwidth.. 239, 241, 242, 245, 260, 321 \textwon ( )........ 258 \textyen ( )........ 258 \textzerooldstyle (0)... 258 \tfrac................ 164 \TH (Þ)................ 61 \th (þ)................ 61 \thanks................ 47 \the................... 101 thebibliography. 22, 220, 257 \theequation.......... 159 theindex.......... 22 \theorem......... 137, 138 \theorembodyfont..... 138 \theoremheaderfont... 138 \theoremstyle......... 138 \thepage.............. 253 \therefore ( )...... 166 \TheSbox.............. 270 \thesection........... 109 \Theta (Θ)........... 133 \theta (θ)........... 132 \thetaup (θ)......... 169 \thickapprox ( ).... 166 \Thicklines...... 209, 210 \thicklines...... 207, 210 \thickmuskip.......... 119 \thicksim ( )....... 166 \thickspace........... 162 \thinlines............ 207 \thinmuskip........... 119 \thinspace....... 162, 274 \thisfancyput......... 273 \thisfancyput*....... 273 \thispagestyle....... 250 \tilde (ã)........... 135 \Tilde................ 161 \times ( )........... 134 \tiny............... 78, 79 \title.............. 45, 46 \titlepage............ 323 \today................ 254 \Top ( )............. 169 \top ( )............. 136 \topmargin....... 239, 321 \toprule.............. 178 \topskip.............. 243 \triangle ( )....... 136 \triangledown ( )... 168 \triangleleft ( )... 134 \trianglelefteq ( ) 166 \triangleq ( )...... 166 \triangleright ( ).. 134 \trianglerighteq ( )... 166 \ttfamily........... 63, 80 \two@digits........... 255 \twocolumn.. 260, 261, 313 \twoheadleftarrow ( ).. 167 \twoheadrightarrow ( ). 167 U \u (ĭ)................. 61 \ulcorner ( )........ 168 \unboldmath........... 142 \underbrace........... 135 \underleftarrow...... 163 \underleftrightarrow. 163 \underline....... 135, 269 \underrightarrow..... 163 \underset............. 163 \unlhd ( )...... 137, 168 \unrhd ( )...... 137, 168 \Uparrow ( ).... 125, 135 \uparrow ( ).... 125, 135 \upbracefill.......... 278 \Updownarrow ( ) 125, 135 \updownarrow ( ) 125, 135 \upharpoonleft ( ).. 167 \upharpoonright ( ). 167 \uplus ( )........... 134 \Upsilon (Υ)........ 133 \upsilon (υ)......... 132 \upsilonup (υ)....... 169 \upuparrows ( )..... 167 \urcorner ( )........ 168 \url......... 233, 292, 293 \urlstyle............. 292 \usebox............... 268 \usefont.............. 165 \usepackage... 24, 86, 323 V \v (ǎ)................. 61 \value................ 108 \varclubsuit ( ).... 169 \vardelta ( )....... 160 \vardiamondsuit ( ). 169 \varepsilon (ε)...... 133 \varepsilonup (ε).... 169 \varg ( )............ 169 \vargamma (Γ )....... 160 \varheartsuit ( )... 169 \varinjlim (lim)..... 160 \varkappa (κ)....... 168 \varlambda (Λ)...... 160 \varliminf (lim)..... 160 \varlimsup (lim)..... 160 \varnothing ( )..... 168 \varoiiintclockwise ( ) 169 \varoiiintctrclockwise ( ).......... 169 \varoiintclockwise ( ). 169

371 \varoiintctrclockwise ( )........... 169 \varointclockwise ( )... 169 \varointctrclockwise ( ) 169 \varomega (Ω)....... 160 \varparallel ( ).... 170 \varparallelinv ( ). 170 \varphi (Φ).......... 160 \varphi (ϕ).......... 133 \varphiup (ϕ)........ 169 \varpi (Π).......... 160 \varpi (ϖ).......... 133 \varpiup (ϖ)......... 169 \varprod ( )........ 169 \varprojlim (lim).... 160 \varpropto ( )...... 166 \varpsi (Ψ).......... 160 \varrho (ϱ).......... 133 \varrhoup (ϱ)........ 169 \varsigma (Σ)....... 160 \varsigma (ς)........ 133 \varsigmaup (ς)...... 169 \varspadesuit ( )... 169 \varsubsetneq ( )... 167 \varsubsetneqq ( ).. 167 \varsupsetneq ( )... 167 \varsupsetneqq ( ).. 167 \vartheta (Θ)....... 160 \vartheta (ϑ)........ 133 \varthetaup (ϑ)..... 169 \vartriangle ( ).... 168 \vartriangleleft ( )... 166 \vartriangleright ( ).. 166 \varupsilon (Υ )..... 160 \varv ( )............. 169 \varw ( )............ 169 \varxi (Ξ)........... 160 \vary ( )............. 169 \VDash ( )........... 170 \Vdash ( )........... 166 \vdash ( )........... 166 \vdash ( )........... 134 \vdots. (.)............ 136 \vec ( a)............. 135 \Vec................... 161 \vector............... 206 \vee ( )............. 134 \veebar ( ).......... 165 \verb.......... 62, 63, 272 \VerbatimEnvironment. 273 Verbatim........ 273 verbatim 62, 88, 203, 272, 273, 333 \VerbBox.............. 272 \Vert ( )............ 125 \vert ( )............. 125 \vline....... 128, 174, 175 Vmatrix.......... 156 vmatrix.......... 156 \voffset..... 239, 245, 321 \vphantom............. 143 \vskip............ 323, 324 \vspace............... 254 \vspace*......... 254, 276 \VvDash ( ).......... 170 \Vvdash ( )......... 166 W \wedge ( )........... 134 \whiledo.............. 309 \widehat.............. 135 \widetilde............ 135 \widthof.............. 308 \wp ( ).............. 136 \Wr ( )............... 168 \wr ( )............... 134 X \Xi (Ξ).............. 133 \xi (ξ)............... 132 \xiup (ξ)............. 169 \xleaders............. 278 \xleftarrow........... 163 \xrightarrow.......... 163 \xspace............... 281 Y \year.................. 254 \yen (Y=)............. 168 Z \zeta (ζ)............ 132 \zetaup (ζ).......... 169 \.................. 254 \.................. 254

372 /................... 60, 99 #................... 11, 99 $.......... 11, 15, 99, 114..... iii $$.................... 114 $texmf................ 19 %............... 11, 61, 99 &................... 11, 99 array.. 126 eqnarray*... 116 tabular 174...................... 63 (..................... 125 )..................... 125 *...................... 17,.............. 57 -...................... 66.. 66.. 66 --..................... 66 ---.................... 66............... 57 3. 136... 3. 136 /................ 125, 144... 125......... 130 :...................... 58 ;...................... 58 <...................... 11 =...................... 56 eqnarray. 116..... 56.... 114 >...................... 11 @...................... 98 [..................... 125 \............... 11, 91, 99 ]..................... 125 ^.............. 11, 99, 121 _.............. 11, 99, 121...................... 63 {................... 11, 99 }................... 11, 99................. 11, 125 ~.......... 11, 70, 99, 275 10pt............ 56, 85, 86 10................ 32 11pt............... 85, 86 12pt............... 85, 86 12Q................... 86 14pt................... 86 14Q................... 86 16................ 32 16. 32 17pt................... 86 1................. 85 20pt................... 86 21pt................... 86 25pt................... 86 2......... 211 2......... 83, 85, 253.. 259... 259 30pt................... 86 36pt................... 86 3....... 211 3............. 136......... 136........... 136 43pt................... 86 9pt.................... 86 A a0paper.............. 241 a1paper.............. 241 a2paper.............. 241 a3paper.............. 241 a4j................. 85, 86 a4paper.. 85, 86, 241, 294 a4var.................. 86 a5j................. 85, 86 a5paper.. 85, 86, 241, 294 a6paper.......... 86, 241 abbrv................. 230 Abrahams, Paul W... 348 abstract............... 313 abstract............ 48, 52 Acrobat Reader........ 32 address (BIBTEX).... 230 Adobe................. 38 Adobe Acrobat... 197 199 Adobe Reader. 30, 32, 338 Adobe-Japan1-6...... 332 afterpage............... 87 Aleph................ 332 alltt................... 62 alpha................. 230 Alver, Morten........ 236 American Mathematical Society... 87, 150 amount of substance... 57 ampere................ 57 amsbsy.......... 142, 150 amscd........... 150, 159 amsfonts.... 136, 150, 165 amsgen............... 150 AMSLATEX....... 87, 150 amsmath 87, 118, 128, 142, 150, 161, 162, 350 amsopn............... 150 amssymb... 118, 136, 150, 165, 198 AMSTEX......... 87, 150 amstext............... 150 amsthm............... 138 amsxtra.......... 150, 161 annote (BIBTEX)..... 230 APT................. 336 array................... 87 Arseneau, Donald 234, 292 article......... 48, 84, 313 article 229

373 article.cls........... 84 ASCII................ 333 asmcd................ 150 asymmetric........... 244 ATSUI............... 327 author (BIBTEX) 223, 230, 233 author................. 46.aux ( )... 10, 22, 50, 225 avant................. 328 B b0paper.............. 241 b1paper.............. 241 b2paper.............. 241 b3paper.............. 241 b4j................ 85, 86 b4paper....... 85, 86, 241 b5j................ 85, 86 b5paper.. 85, 86, 241, 294 b5var.................. 86 b6paper.............. 241 babel............. 87, 348 backgroundcolor..... 290 balance............... 260 bash.................. 339 basicstyle........... 289 Batada, Nizar........ 236.bb ( )............ 23.bbl ( )...... 22, 224 Beebe, Nelson...... v, 338 Berliner, Brian....... 307 Berners-Lee, Tim...... 89 Berry, Karl....... 38, 350.bib ( )........... 22 bib2xml.............. 338 BIBTEX................ 219 address.......... 230 annote........... 230 author.. 223, 230, 233 booktitle........ 230 chapter.......... 230 crossref......... 230 edition..... 230, 232 editor...... 229, 230 howpublished 230, 233 journal..... 230, 232 key............... 230 month........ 230, 233 note......... 223, 230 number...... 230, 232 organization.... 230 pages........ 230, 232 publisher.. 223, 230, 232 school........... 230 series...... 230, 232 title........ 223, 230 volume...... 230, 232 year......... 223, 230 yomi......... 223, 232 BIBTEX2HTML....... 338 bindingoffset......... 244 bk10.clo.............. 84 bk11.clo.............. 84 bk12.clo.............. 84.blg ( )........... 22 bm................ 87, 142 bmargin.............. 243 BMP................. 189.bmp ( )....... 23, 30 body................. 242 book................... 84 book 229, 232 book.cls........... 19, 84 booklet 229 bookman............. 328 bookmarks........... 294 bookmarksnumbered. 294 bookmarksopen....... 294 bookmarkstype....... 294 booktabs.............. 178 booktitle (BIBTEX).. 230 boookmarksopenlevel. 294 bottom............... 243 Braams, Johannes.. v, 62, 347 breaklines........... 288 breaklinks............ 294.bst ( )........... 22 C Calc.................. 185 calc 87, 241, 271, 307, 308 Calc2LATEX........... 185 Calishain, Tara....... 341 Cameron, Debra...... 340 candela................ 57 caption.............. 289 captionpos........... 289 Carlisle, David. v, 74, 112, 129, 179, 181, 184, 282, 309, 347 cd................. 12, 13 centering............. 244 centertags............ 151 ceqno................ 151 Chaikin.......... 210 chapter (BIBTEX).... 230 chapter... 106 chapter............ 46, 49 character.......... 46, 76 charset................ 41 charter................ 328 Chen, Pehong........... v Cheng, William Chia-Wei. 199, 338 Chicago Style......... 345 Chinese................ 32 Christiansen, Tom.... 340 CID Type0............ 36 cid-x.map............. 33 CID............ 32 cite.............. 234, 235 class................... 82 classes................. 84 classes.dtx........... 84 classes.ins........... 84.clo ( )........... 22.cls ( )........... 21 cmtt................... 63 Cochran, Steven Douglas. 200 Collins, John......... 306 color.... 87, 215, 281, 282 colorlinks............. 294 columnsep............ 245 comment............... 61 commentstyle......... 289 Computer Modern 81, 328 conference............ 233 config.ps............. 39 Contents.............. 50 contents........... 45, 48 ConTEXt.............. 37 copy................... 12 Courier............... 330 courier................ 328 cp..................... 13 CreateBB.............. 23 crossref (BIBTEX)... 230 CSS..................... i CTAN................ 346 CVS.................. 307 D date................... 46 dcolumn.......... 87, 179 del.................... 12 delarray........... 87, 129 delimiter array....... 129

374 DeTEX................ 338 Dia................... 338 dir..................... 12 divide................ 243 DocStrip............. 349 DocStrip............... 84 document.............. 45 Doerr, Hans-Peter.... 186 Doob, Michael........ 348 Dornfest, Rael........ 341 doublespace............ 55 Dougherty, Dale...... 340 Downes, Michael........ v draft.............. 85, 202 Drakos, Nikos........ 338.dtx ( )........... 21 DuBois, Paul......... 339 Duchier, Denys....... 349 Duggan, Angus........ 39 DVI............. 7, 11, 29.dvi ( )....... 22, 28 dviout................. 17 Dvipdfm.......... 30, 245 dvipdfm.... 187, 245, 294 Dvipdfmx.... 30, 216, 338 dvipdfmx... 187, 188, 196 dvipdfmx.def......... 187 dvips.. 188, 196, 245, 294 dvips..... 38, 39, 215, 245 dvipsnames........... 282 E EasyTEX............... 27 Eaton, John..... 217, 338 ebb............... 23, 189 eclepsf.sty.......... 337 EC............ 348 edition (BIBTEX) 230, 232 editor (BIBTEX) 229, 230 eepic........ 186, 198, 209 ehis................... 337 Eijkhout, Victor....... 61 electric current........ 57 elisp............. 337, 351 em-dash............... 66 Emacs 8, 26, 296, 298, 337 VC............... 307 emath................ 352 emphasis.............. 59 en-dash................ 66 english............ 86, 333 enumerate...... 74, 75, 87 enumi..... 106 enumii.... 106 enumiii... 106 enumiv.... 106 EPDF........... 186, 333.epdf ( ).......... 30 epic.... 186, 198, 208, 209.eps ( )....... 22, 30 epsbox.sty........... 337 epstopdf......... 194, 216 equation. 106, 159 errortest.tex..... 14, 16 Esser, Thomas........ 337 ε-tex................ 327 eucal................. 151 Excel............ 185, 186 Excel2tabular........ 185 exceltex............... 186 executivepaper....... 241 expert................ 335 F fancybox......... 270, 273 fancyhdr......... 250, 350 fancyheadings......... 250.fd ( )............ 22 Fear, Simon.......... 178 Fedora Core........... 17........ 5 figure.... 106 figure................. 172 fil................... 276 file................... 189 fill.................. 276 Filliâtre, Jean-Christophe. 338 final.............. 85, 202 firstline............ 288 firstnumber.......... 289 fleqn......... 85, 115, 151 float.................. 172 float................ 289 fn-in................... 41 Fogel, Karl........... 340 fontdef.dtx.......... 278 fontenc....... 60, 256, 330 fonts+................. 41 foot.................. 244 footnote.. 106 footskip.............. 244 Foxit Reader.......... 30 Foxit Software Company.. 30 frame................ 290 framerule............ 290 framesep............. 290 Friedl, Jeffrey E. F.... 340 ftnright................ 87 G gbm.................... 34 gbmv................... 34 geometry... 240, 241, 245, 247 Ghostscript........ 33, 38 gif.................... 41 giga................... 57 GIMP........... 338, 342 GNU Emacs....... 296 Ghostscript.... 33 FDL........... vi GPL......... 198 gnu-head.pdf......... 191 Gnuplot 26, 217, 338, 341, 342, 351, 352 Google............... 346 Goossens, Michel.. iv, 342 GothicBBB-Medium..... 34 GPL................. 198 Grätzer, George. 343, 348 Grapher.............. 199 graphicx........... 87, 348 GRASS................ 34 GTK+............... 338 GUI for PDFTK....... 37 Gurari, Eitan.......... 39 gzip.................. 299 H Hagen, Hans........... 37 Haralambous, Yannis. 332 Harders, Harald...... 122 hcentering............ 244 hdivide............... 243 head................. 244 headheight........... 244 headline............... 45 headsep.............. 244 height................ 242 heightrounded........ 243 Heinz, Carsten... 284, 350 help............... 12, 13 helvet............ 328, 330 Helvetica............. 330 hhline.................. 87 his.................... 337 hmargin.............. 244 hmarginratio......... 244

375 Hobby, John.......... 213 hoffset................ 245 howpublished (BIBTEX)... 230, 233 hscale................ 242 ht..................... 40 htm................... 42 HTML............ i, 4, 28 html................... 41 HTML............ 43 Hyna, Irene.......... 346 Hyper Link............ 28 hyperref... vi, 42, 44, 292, 350 HyperTEX.............. 30 I i18n................... 34 identify............... 189.idx ( )........... 22 IEEE................. 337 ieice.................. 337 ieicej................. 337 ifthen................. 309 ignoreall.............. 243 ignorefoot............ 243 ignorehead........... 243 ignoreheadfoot....... 243 ignoremp............. 243.ilg ( )........... 22 Illustrator....... 198, 204 ImageMagick.......... 39 inbook. 229 includeall............. 243 includefoot........... 242 includehead.......... 242 includeheadfoot...... 242 includemp............ 242 incollection 229.ind ( )........... 22 indent................. 54 indentation........ 45, 53 indentfirst..... 54, 88, 322 info.................... 13 inner................. 243 inproceedings..... 229, 233 INRIA............... 338.ins ( )........... 21 International Phonetic Alphabet..... 337 intlimits.............. 151 IPA.................. 337........ 34 ISO9660............... 42.ist ( )........... 22 J j-article................ 41 j-book................. 41 j-report................ 41 jabbrv................ 230 JabRef............... 236 jalpha................ 230 Japanese.............. 32 jarticle. 24, 48, 84, 87, 313, 333 jarticle.cls.......... 19 JBIBTEX.......... 219, 222 jbook..... 26, 84, 237, 333 jclasses................ 85 Jeffrey, Alan....... v, 347 Jeichter, Jerry........ 180 Jensen, Frank.... 307, 349 JIS X 0208........ 91, 332 JIS.......... 332 jlshort................ 346 jmakeindex............ 44 journal (BIBTEX) 230, 232 JPEG................ 189 jpg.................... 41.jpg ( )....... 23, 30 jplain................. 230 jplain.bst...... 225, 226 jpsj2.................. 337 jreport.... 84, 88, 318, 333 jsarticle........... 86, 333 jsbook... 52, 86, 237, 241, 245, 318, 320, 333 jsclasses 5, 31, 85, 86, 241, 255, 275, 333 jsize10.clo........... 26 jspf.................... 86 junsrt................. 230 K Kelley, Colin..... 217, 338 kelvin................. 57 Kennedy, Bill......... 341 Kernighan, Brian..... 212 kerning................ 69 key (BIBTEX)......... 230 Keynotes............. 199 keywordstyle......... 289 Kiddle, Oliver........ 339 kilo.................... 57 kilogram............... 57 Kingdon, Jim......... 307 kinsoku.tex........... 26 Knappen, Jörg... 337, 348 Knuth, Donald... v, 3, 10, 81, 213, 327, 331, 344 Koch, Richard......... 27 Korean................ 32 Kpathsearch....... 19, 38 kpsewhich............. 19 Kwok, Conrad........ 209 L label................ 289 Label key multiply defined...... 112 Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right........ 112 labelfig............... 201 Lambda.............. 332 Lamed............... 332 Lamport, Leslie.. iv, v, 4, 342, 347 landscape......... 85, 242 language............. 288 Larsson, Alexander... 338 Larsson, Jan-Ake..... 338 lastline............. 288 LATEX................... 4........... 11....... 11.. 87, 307 53.... 56....... 7........ 14.......... 7......... 29. 12.. 1.......... 8.. 11... 11 LATEX 3............ 5, 327 LATEX 2.09.............. 5 LATEX 2ε................. 5 LATEX2HTML........ 338 latex2html........... 294 LATEX2RTF........... 338 latexmk......... 225, 306 latexsym.............. 136

376 layout............. 88, 237 leading................ 70 left................... 243 leftidx................ 122 legalpaper............ 241 Lehman, Philipp...... 350 Lemberg, Werner..... 349 length................. 57 leqno............. 85, 151 less................ 13, 19 letter.................. 46 space.......... 70 letterpaper....... 85, 241 ligature................ 69 line break.............. 68 lines.................. 242 lineskip............. 288 linewidth............ 288 List of Figures......... 50 List of Tables.......... 50 listfile.tex.......... 26 Listings............... 291 listings........... 284, 287 lmargin............... 243 lmodern.......... 328, 330 lmodern.sty.......... 328.lof ( )........... 22.log ( )........... 22 longtable..... 87, 181, 183.lot ( )........... 22 ls...................... 13 ls-r.................. 336 lshort................ 346 ltboxes.dtx.......... 265 ltplain.dtx.......... 277 luminous intensity..... 57 Lunde, Ken........... 341 LyX.................. 338 M Mac OS X............ 327.. 29 ATSUI..... 327. 27........ 5 MacOS X WorkShop.... 5 MacWiki............... 5 Make.... 27, 225, 296, 306 make................. 340 makebb............... 195 Makefile......... 27, 298 MakeIndex............ 22 man................... 13 manual. 229 Map........... 33 Marché, Claude....... 338 margin............... 244 marginpar............ 245 marginparsep.... 243, 245 marginparwidth. 243, 245 marginratio.......... 244 mass.................. 57 masterthesis 229 Mathematica......... 199 mathpazo......... 81, 328 mathptmx......... 81, 328 MATLAB... 198, 199, 341 McPherson, Kent..... 347 Meadow.............. 340 mega.................. 57 mendex............ 22, 44 METAFONT...... 198, 213 METAPOST.. 23, 198, 213 meter.................. 57 micro.................. 57 Microsoft Office......... 3 milli................... 57 misc... 229 Misplaced alignment tab character &... 14 Missing $ inserted... 15 Mittelbach, Frank... iv, v, 82, 136, 138, 150, 260, 263, 342, 347 mkdir.............. 12, 13 mktexlsr.......... 35, 336 mole................... 57 month (BIBTEX).. 230, 233 Moore, Ross.......... 217 Morgan, Tim......... 212 morisawa............. 333 move.................. 12.mp ( )............ 23 mpfootnote 106 multicol. 88, 260, 261, 263, 264 multirow.............. 180 Musciano, Chuck..... 341 Musliner, David J..... 348 mv.................... 13 Mxdvi................. 29 N namelimits........... 151 nano................... 57 nest................... 73 nested sections........ 48 newcent.............. 328 Newham, Cameron... 339 next................... 42 Ngraph............... 338 Niepraschk, Rolf...... 211 nofoot................ 244 nohead............... 244 noheadfoot........... 244 nointlimits........... 151 nomarginpar......... 245 nonamelimits......... 151 nosort................ 235 nospace.............. 235 nosumlimits.......... 151 note (BIBTEX)... 223, 230 note............... 45, 59 notitlepage............ 85 number (BIBTEX) 230, 232 numbers.............. 289 numberstyle.......... 289 O Oberdiek, Heiko. 194, 348 obsolete............... 26 Octave. 198, 217, 338, 341 Oetiker, Tobias.. 346, 348 offset................. 245 okumacro...... 66, 75, 333 okuverb............... 333 Omega............... 332 OmniGraffle.......... 199 onecolumn............. 85 oneside...... 85, 239, 244 Oostrum, Piet... 180, 250, 350 openany............... 85 OpenOffice.org..... 3, 339 openright.............. 85 OpenType............ 352 Oram, Andrew....... 340 organization (BIBTEX)... 230 Orwant, Jon.......... 340 OTF......... 91, 332, 335 outer................. 243 Oxford Style.......... 345 P package................ 82 page.. 106, 107 Pages................. 199 pages (BIBTEX).. 230, 232 Pakin, Scott..... 348, 349 Palatino......... 328, 331

paperheight.......... 241 papersize...... 31, 86, 241 paperwidth........... 241 paragraph. 106 paragraph...... 45, 46, 49 skip........... 70 part...... 106 part............... 46, 49 Partl, Hubert......... 346 Patashnik, Oren... v, 219, 349 PATH................ 194 PDF.............. 30, 189 188.. 36... 36 Mac OS X. 199.. 37....... 31....... 32....... 31....... 31.. 36.... 28.... 32.... 30........ 199..... 36... 36. 36.... 37........... 32.... 30... 32 pdfcrop............... 194 pdfε-latex........... 327 pdfε-tex............. 327 pdffonts............... 35 pdfimages............. 35 pdfinfo... 35, 36, 194, 296 pdflatex.... 28, 245, 327 pdftex.......... 245, 327 pdftex........... 245, 294 PDFtk............ 37, 338 pdftops............ 35, 37 pdftotext.......... 35, 37 pdftricks.............. 216 pdvips................. 38 Peek, Jerry........... 339 Perl... 186, 196, 306, 340, 341 phdthesis.. 229 Phoenix, Tom........ 340 Photoshop............ 198 PIC.................. 212 pic-align............... 41 pic-array.............. 41 pic-eqnarray....... 41, 42 pic-equation........... 41 pic-m.................. 41 pic-m+................ 41 pic-matrix............. 41 pico................... 57 pict2e............ 186, 211 PicTEX................ 198 Plaice, John.......... 332 plain.................. 230 plain TEX............. 348 plain2................ 203 platex.................. 5 pldefs.ltx............ 26 PNG................. 189 png................... 41.png ( )....... 23, 30 Podar, Sunil..... 208, 209 Polk, Jeff............. 307 portrait.............. 242 postbreak............ 288 PostScript............. 38 PPM................. 188 prebreak............. 288 PrimoPDF........... 197 proc................... 84 proc.dtx.............. 84 proceeding............ 233.ps ( )............ 28 ps2jpdf.......... 194, 338 ps2pdf............... 294 ps2pdf................ 194 pst-all................ 215 pst-col................ 215 pst2pdf............... 216 PSTricks......... 198, 215 pstricks............... 350 psutils................. 39 ptex.................... 5 publisher (BIBTEX). 223, 230, 232 punctuation........ 45, 57 pxdvi.................. 17 pxfonts. 81, 142, 165, 257, 328, 330, 331, 337 377 Q QPL................. 199 R R................ 198, 338 Radhakrishnan, CV.. 216 Rahtz, Sebastian.... iv, v, 292, 342 Raichle, Bernd....... 349 Rajagopal, CV....... 216 Raymond, Eric....... 340 Reckdahl, Keith. 348, 350 Red Hat........... 17, 38 Ref for Windows..... 236 Reference key on page n undefined. 112 references............ 219 report.................. 84 report............ 86, 333 report.cls............ 84 reversemarginpar..... 245 reversemp............ 245 right................. 243 Ring Server........... 347 Ritter, Robert........ 345 rm..................... 13 rmargin.............. 243 rmlv................... 34 rml.................... 34 Robbins, Arnold...... 340 Rokicki, Tomas........ 38 Rose, Kristoffer....... 217 Rosenblatt, Bill.. 339, 340 Rowley, Chris. v, 347, 349 Rplots.pdf........... 198 Ruby................. 341 rulecolor............ 290 rulesepcolor......... 290 Ryu, Young.. 81, 165, 328 Ryumin-Light.......... 34 S Séroul, Raymond..... 201 Samarin, Alexander.. 342 scale................. 242 scaled................ 330 Schöpf, Rainer. v, 82, 150, 347, 349 Schlegl, Elisabeth..... 346 Schmidt, Walter...... 350 school (BIBTEX)..... 230 Schwartz, Randal L... 340 SciLab............... 217 screen................ 241

378 secnumdepth 51 second................. 57 section... 106 section............. 46, 49 section+............... 42 sectioning............. 48 sed................... 196 sentence............... 46 space.......... 70 serial number.......... 48 series (BIBTEX) 230, 232 setspace............... 55 showframe............ 245 showkeys.......... 88, 112 showspace............ 288 showtabs............. 288 SI..................... 56 Siebenmann, Laurent. 201 size10.clo............ 84 size11.clo............ 84 size12.clo............ 84 slides.................. 84 slides.dtx............ 84 Smith, Brian......... 338 space................. 235 space.................. 70 letter........... 70 sentence........ 70 word........... 70 src-special............ 337 Stallman, Richard... iv, vi Stephenson, Peter.... 339 stepnumber........... 289 Steward, Sid. 37, 338, 341 Strang, John......... 339 stringstyle.......... 289.sty ( )........... 21 subfigure.............. 200 subparagraph.. 106 subparagraph.......... 49 subsection 106 subsection............. 49 subsubsection 106 subsubsection.......... 49 sumlimits............ 151 Susie................. 187 Synaptic........... 5, 336 syntonly............... 82 T T1.................... 60 t4ht................... 44 tab................... 288 table..... 106 table................. 172 tabsize.............. 288 tabularx...... 87, 184, 185 Talbott, Steve........ 340 tarticle................. 84 tbook.................. 84 tbtags................ 151 TDS.................. 348 tera................... 57 test.tex............... 9 tetex................. 337 TEX..................... 3.tex ( )........... 22 tex4ht................. 40 tex4ht................ 294 texdoc................ 337 texexec................ 37 texhash............... 336 Texinfo............... 284 TEXmacs............. 338 texmf.cnf............. 19 TEXShop.............. 27 text.................. 242 textcomp..... 57, 256, 330 textheight....... 242, 245 textwidth........ 242, 245 Tgif..... 26, 198, 338, 342 Thành, Hàn Th ê..... 327 theorem........... 88, 138 Thorup, Kresten...... 349 Thorup, Kresten Krab 307 time................... 57 Times....... 320, 328, 330 tips..................... ii title (BIBTEX).. 223, 230 title................ 45, 46 titlepage............... 85 tmargin.............. 243.toc ( )........... 22 tocdepth... 51 Todino, Grace........ 339 tools................... 87 top................... 243 total................. 242 totalheight........... 242 totalwidth............ 242 Tpic................. 212 treport................. 84 Trinkle, Daniel....... 338 TrueType.......... 34, 36 TtH................... 39 TUG................. 348 twocolumn........ 85, 245 twoside. 85, 239, 243 245, 252 txfonts.. 81, 142, 165, 257, 328, 330, 331, 337 Type1................. 36 type1cm..... 328, 330, 332 type1ec..... 328, 330, 337 Type3................. 36 typeface............... 76 typical............... 178 U Unable to open file.pdf 32 underline.............. 59 Unicode............... 32 Unix OS....... 29, 196.. 29 unsrt................. 230 url........... 44, 233, 292 usenames............. 282 UTF.................. 332 V varioref................ 88 vcentering............ 244 vdivide............... 243 verbatim.......... 88, 337 verbatim.............. 62 verbose............... 245 Vesperman, Jennifer.. 340 Vine Linux....... 26, 339........ 5 vmargin.............. 244 vmarginratio......... 244 voffset................ 245 Vojta, Paul........... 337 Volovich, Vlandimir.. 349 volume (BIBTEX) 230, 232 vscale................ 242 W Wall, Larry........... 340 warning............... 24 white space............ 60 Wicks, Mark... v, 30, 349 width................ 242 Williams, Graham.... 346 Williams, Thomas 217, 338 Windows............... 8.. 9 12.. 29

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L A TEX 2ε 2004, 2005, 2006 2004/04/02 ver. 0.10 2004/04/16 ver. 0.20 2004/04/30 ver. 0.21 2004/08/05 ver. 0.30 2004/10/14 ver. 0.31 2004/12/28 ver. 0.32 2005/02/15 ver. 0.33 2005/03/20 ver. 0.34 2006/04/20 ver. 1.00 2006/05/08 ver. 1.10 2006/05/12 ver. 1.11 2006/05/12 ver. 1.12