American Meat Safety Guidebook (USMEF)
1 1 2 1-1 1-2 2 9 2-1 FDA () 2-2 EPA () 2-3 USDA () FSIS () 2 1 18 1-1 1-2 1-3 2 25 2-1 2-2 3 34 3-1 4 43 4-1 4-2 PCB 5 48 5-1 PQA (Pork Quality Assurance) 5-2 BQA (Beef Quality Assurance) 6 51 6-1 (FMD : Foot and Mouth Disease) 6-2 (BSE : Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) 6-3 (Pseudorabies) 6-4 (Anthrax) 6-5 (Hog Cholera) 6-6 O157 : H7 (Entero-hemorrhagic E.coli O157 : H7)
6-7 (Salmonellosis) 6-8 (Listeriosis) 6-9 (Campylobacter) 6-10 (Cryptosporidium) 7 65 7-1 7-2 () 7-3 7-4 7-5 8 80 3 1 NRP (National Residue Program) 88 1-1 1998 1-2 2000 2 NRP 100 3 102 4 HACCP 104 4-1 4-2 HACCP 4-3 SSOPCCPHACCP 4-4 E.coli 5 116 120
1 11
1 2
1-1. 506070 13
100 2001,000 4
50 15
1-2. 6
USDAhttp://www.usda.gov/ FSIShttp://www.fsis.usda.gov/ FDAhttp://www.fda.gov/ EPAhttp://www.epa.gov/ http://www.foodsafety.gov/ FAO/WHOCAChttp://www.codexalimentarius.net/ FAOhttp://www.fao.org/ WHOhttp://www.who.org/ 150 17
212141 404071 9911 8
2 FDA EPA USDA/FSIS FDA FDA EPA EPA FSIS FDAEPA FSIS FSIS FSISFDA 19
1862 1927 1931 1940 19531980 1970 19988 10
1999630 1999 22 2-1.FDA 1991 9000 2100120040 900 111
2121 500599 2-2.EPA 1970 12
19841111150 15 1984111 4040 15018915 113
2-3.USDAFSIS 526 188 3 14
9 9 300599 2 115
16
2 117
1 1-1. 18
219
4040 15018915 40 1990 19999125 8637332156 50000 679 1 18 8761 20
1988 1984111 1150172 9 19968 2002 15 19991 115066 9721 19998333 2002836634 200683 221
1-2. 40 1861999 7151 40180 1-3. 22
51 800 3 2000 170 2000 223
( )(2000) ppm Alachlor () 0.02F, M, Mb 0.02F, M, Mb Aldrin ()* 0.3F 0.3F BHC ()* 0.3F 0.3F Carbophenothion () 0.1F 0.1F Chlordane ()* 0.3F 0.3F Chloropyrifosmethyl () 0.5F, M, M 0.5F, M, M Coumaphos () 1.0F, M, Mb 1.0F, M, Mb DDT ()* 5.0F 5.0F Dieldrin ()* 0.3F 0.3F Endosulfan () 0.2F, M, Mb 0.2F, M, Mb Endrin ()* 0.3F 0.3F Heptachlor ()* 0.2F, M, Mb 0.2F, M, Mb Lindane () 7.0F 4.0F Linuron () 1.0F, M, Mb 1.0F, M, Mb Methoxychlor () 3.0F 3.0F (National Residue Plan for 2000) NRP2000170 M=Mb=F= 24
2 225
26 2-1.
21 21 5005996 21 21 21 21 520 522 227
524 526 529 558 21 40 115 60 28
1980069634 3 3 1997 229
2-2. 1 30
1968 1968 30 231
66339341 11778 1995 32
Penicillin Penicillin 0.05Et 21CFR556.510 430 21CFR522.1696a,b 0Et 21CFR556.510 67 21CFR522.1696b 160 21CFR526.1696a,b,c,d 0 21CFR558.460 Ampicillin 0.01Et 21CFR556.40 715 21CFR520.90f 0.01Et 21CFR556.40 1 21CFR520.90e 69 21CFR522.90a,b 21CFR522.90a 15 21CFR520.90a Amoxicillin 0.01Et 21CFR556.38 20 21CFR520.88d,e 21CFR556.38 15 21CFR520.88c 25 21CFR522.88 12 21CFR526.88 Aminoglycoside Streptomycin 2K 21CFR556.610 2 21CFR520.2158a 2K 21CFR556.610 0 21CFR520.2158a 0.5Et NRP for 1998 0.5Et NRP for 1998 Hygromycin B 0Et 21CFR556.330 1521CFR558.274 Tetracycline Oxytetracycline 2M O=21CFR556.500 114 O=21CFR520.1660c,d 2M O=21CFR556.500 115 O=21CFR520.1660d 6L C=21CFR556.150 C=21CFR520.445b,c 6L C=21CFR556.150 C=21CFR520.445a,b Chlortetracycline 12F,K T=21CFR556.720 T=21CFR520.2345c,d 12F,K T=21CFR556.720 T=21CFR520.2345d 1328 O=21CFR522.1662a 1942 O=21CFR522.1662a Tetracycline O=21CFR522.1660 O=21CFR522.1660 010 C=21CFR558.128 515 C=21CFR558.128 C=21CFR558.140 C=21CFR558.145 O=21CFR558.450 C=21CFR558.155 O=21CFR558.450 Macrolide Tylosin 0.2F,M,L,K 21CFR556.740 21 21CFR522.2640a 0.2F,M,L,K 21CFR556.740 2 21CFR520.2640 0 21CFR558.625 14 21CFR522.2640a 0 21CFR558.625 Erythromycin 0.1Et 21CFR556.230 621 21CFR522.820 0.1Et 21CFR556.230 0 21CFR558.248 Polypeptide Bacitracin 0.5Et 21CFR556.70 0 21CFR558.76 0.5Et 21CFR556.70 0 21CFR558.76 21CFR558.78 21CFR558.78 Virginiamycin 21CFR556.750 0 21CFR558.635 0.1M 21CFR556.750 0 21CFR558.635 0.3L 0.4K,S,F Polyether Lasalocid 1.2M 21CFR556.347 0 21CFR558.311 4.8L,F 3.6K Monensin 0.05Et 21CFR556.420 0 21CFR520.1448a 0 21CFR558.355 Lincomycin 0.1Et 21CFR556.360 6 21CFR520.1263c 2 21CFR522.1260 06 21CFR558.325 Tiamulin 0.6L 21CFR556.738 37 21CFR520.2455 NRP for 1998 21CFR520.2456 27 21CFR558.600 Sulfadimethoxine 0.1Et 21CFR556.640 712 21CFR520.2220a,b 5 21CFR522.2220 Sulfamerazine Sulfamethazine 0.1Et 21CFR556.670 828 21CFR520.2260a,b,c 0.1Et 21CFR556.670 15 21CFR520.2261a,b 21CFR520.2261a 10 21CFR522.2260 Sulfaquinoxaline 0.1Et 21CFR556.685 1021CFR520.2325a,b NRP for 1998 Sulfadimidine Amprolium 0.5M,L,K 21CFR556.50 1 21CFR520.100a,b,c 2F 1 21CFR558.55 Decouqinate 1 21CFR556.170 021CFR558.195 2 Carbadox 0.03L 21CFR556.100 70 21CFR558.115 Ivermectin 0.1L 21CFR556.344 24180 21CFR520.1192 0.02L 21CFR556.344 18 21CFR522.1192 21CFR520.1197 56 21CFR558.300 3549 21CFR522.1192 21CFR522.1193 48 21CFR524.1193 Flubendazole Closantel Thiabendazole 0.1Et 21CFR556.730 321CFR520.2380a,b,c 0.1Et 21CFR556.730 30 21CFR520.2380b 3 21CFR558.615 30 21CFR558.615 Clopidol 0.2M 21CFR556.160 * 21CFR558.4 0.2Et 21CFR556.160 * 21CFR558.4 1.5L 3K *
3 1 23 23 35 1995 13 19 34
112000 (21CFR) 120pptM 120pptM 480pptF 600pptF 360pptK 600pptK Estradiol and related esters 240pptL 600pptL 150ppbM Zeranol 600ppbF 450ppbK 300ppbL 3ppbM 3ppbM Progesterone 12ppbF 15ppbF 9ppbK 15ppbK 6ppbL 15ppbL 25ppbF Melengestrol acetate 0.64ppbM Testosterone propionate 2.6ppbF 1.9ppbK 1.3ppbL 50ppbM Trenbolone acetate 200ppbF 150ppbK 100ppbL M=F=K=L= FDAsafe concentration 3-1. 235
21 522 342 1319 6 36
6 5 30 1980 1998 2 19996 1 2 EU 1986 1987 1991 3 25 237
19881 19891 1993 19957 5 WTO 38
199511 19982 1999513 53 615 2 ADI 19992211 3 1987 12 239
2 0005 2 5 40
2 19995 17 17 17 17 199933000200034000 241
42
4 4-1. 1997 243
1999 2378 23781 1997 1995 2378234455 10,000 2378 2378 44
035 08904613 12 6090 50 1997 03380089 0552022100310592 005100200111002000110028 2378 000003 245
2378 50 23784 50200 0045089120 448 4-2.PCB 471972 1973 1979 21CFR10930 3 46
FDAPCB 1.5ppm 1.5ppm 3ppm 0.3ppm 2ppm 0.2ppm 10ppm 0.2ppm 21CFR109.30 1996 01 247
5 1 5-1.PQAPork Quality Assurance 48
10 1997 10 5-2.BQABeef Quality Assurance 249
50
6 6-1.FMDFoot and Mouth Disease 1 1237 251
448 1931 52
6-2.BSEBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 1311 253
198871990 199293 1994 199697 1988 89 199689 89 97 6-3.Pseudorabies 54
100 4060 12 1970 1981 3 255
6-4.Anthrax 95 56
1991 1997 202 6-5.Hog Cholera 100 6 34 23 71 257
6-6.O157H7 Entero-hemorrhagic E.coli O157H7 1577 1577 157 7 0268 00434 58 1577
1577 1577 1577 6-7.Salmonellosis 2300 150 259
101102 1 40 12 6-8.Listeriosis 60
25 19966 261
6-9.Campylobacter 158 62
6-10.Cryptosporidium 19711976 1982 121 1996 263
709,000 64
7 2 265
7-1. 1 66
7-2. 101 267
3 5 10 1012 68
10 18 269
7-3. 70003000 70
271
25 50 7-4. 72
40001600 54 273
812 23 74
7-5. 16,0004,0001,650 15,0006,0002,400 3,0004,0003,500 1,400 19992100 8503700 1500 4300 1500 1,500 1,800 1,600 275
20006 2000 2000USDA 1,990(810 25) 4,020(163054) 950(38061) 76
99101 277
30 1 78
279
8 19971216 1990 1992 20512 20515 80
120512 15 220513 180 320514 281
21 420515 27 82
640 160 2,000 300 50 500 283
100 055 199812 84
285
86
3 187
1 1967 22 88
1 4 2 2 389
1995 1996 1-1.1998 200161998 199826888 166282 90
1998126888 66 025 1638 4 8 1 1 1 782938 1 391
1 5652 169 7 2542 1 5613 211996 4 881 1 92
367232 218 699 1996 19972 1998 218 1 393
1996 8958 3763310802011109 895882 37633 220 108020751 1110928 94
(Antibiotics) Bacitracin Chlortetracycline Erythromycin Gentamicin Hygromycin Neomycin Oxytetracycline Penicillins Novobiocin Streptomycin Tetracycline Tylosin 342716 0.467 11761 0.085 CAST CAST(Calf Antibiotic and Sulfonamide Test) 8,95889(0.99) 4 penicillin 6 streptomycin 6 tetracycline 1 tylosin 13 neomycin 3 oxytetracycline 28 gentamicin 11 sulfamethazine 8 sulfamethoxazole 7 sulfadimethoxine 2 lincomycin STOP STOP(Swab Test on Premises) () 32,069213 0.664 3,9017 0.179 Cattle: 107 penicillin 24 oxytetracycline 9 tetracycline 25 gentamicin 22 sulfadimethoxine 18 streptomycin 11 sulfamethazine 2 neomycin 2 tilmicosin 1 tylosin 2 lincomycin Swine: 4 penicillin 1 sulfamethazine FAST FAST(Fast Antimicrobial Screen Test) () 108,005751 0.695 150 0.000 Cattle: 293 penicillin 29 oxytetracycline 12 neomycin 192 gentamicin 14 tetracycline 126 sulfadimethoxine 73 streptomycin 34 sulfamethazine 1 erythromycin 8 sulfamethoxazole 3 tylosin 19 sulfathiazole 13 tilmicosin Swine: 395
SULFONAMIDES Sulfachlorpyridazine Sulfadimethoxine Sulfamethazine Sulfathiazole () 26339 0.342 9947 0.704 SOS SOS (SULFA-ON-SITE)11,109280.252 18 sulfamethazine 8 sulfadimethoxine 1 sulfamethoxazole CHC/COP S Aldrin Benzene Hexachloride (BHC) Carbophenothion (trithion) Chlordane (technical) Chlorpyrifos Coumaphos and oxygen analog 2-Chloro-1-(2,4,- dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate [chlorfenvinphos, supona] 2-Chloro-1-(2,4,5- trichlorophenyl)vinyl dimethyl phosphate [stirofos, gardona] DDT and metabolites Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalene [mirex] Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) Lindane Linuron Methoxychlor Phosalone Polybrominated biphenyls Polychlorinated biphenyls () 22191 0.045 8522 0.235 () 19315 0.259 6610 0.000 CARBADOX () 6990 0.000 00 0.000 96
1-2.2000 20016 2000 7 1 2000 1997 1999 1997 1998 397
2000 1998 3 1998 1 460 98
2 300 3 230 4 90 690 (2000) Antibiotics 26 8,930 Sulfonamides 23 7,640 Arsenicicals 13 4,420 Carbadox 1 300 CHCs/COPs 25 8,450 Beta agonists 3 900 Chloramphenicol 3 710 Fluoroquinolones 3 900 Avermectins 17 4,900 TOTAL 110 28,970 399
2 412 4 1 1979 100
2 3150 1996 1996 3 1995 199650 4 1988 4 4 1998 3101
3 7600 6500 1 2 3 406 1995 4 1 102
5 6 3103
4 1996725 4 4-1. 1983 104
199210 1993121 19935 3105
4-2.HACCP 199512 1996725 3 HACCP 500 10500250(3) 10 1998126 1999125 2000125 106
HACCP HACCP PP() GMP() SSOP() 3107
3 3 14 HACCP 108
4-3.SSOPCCPHACCP 3109
12 110
12 5 3 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 3111
2 2 3 4 5 112
90100 195 515 40 1 4-4.E.coli 1001010000 13 3 3001000 1 3113
08 () Steers/Heifers 1.0 82 1 Cows/Bulls 2.7 58 2 Ground Beef 7.5 53 5 Broilers 20.0 51 12 Hogs 8.7 55 6 Ground Turkey 49.9 53 29 Ground Chicken 44.6 53 26 1 500 199812619991251 20410023 1 114
(9899) 20.0 5,697 10.9 8.7 1,532 6.5 7.5 1,184 4.8 51 1998126 7636 2705 20065 51122377 7 55 177112 0587 12556 11155 53 10707 0575 8535 9611 3115
5 1997123 86 92 10 116
6060 137137101000 5 21 321 948 3 97123 4570 10 11090 157702504504807 04064 70 15101577 1577 103 3117
9712 99 224 99717 26 154810 2628 118
1577 2511577 12252450600030000 1577565 15 1 45 401 3119
7 1 2 4724 442 PCB () 0.5ppm 62827 120
42 DDT 5ppm 0.2ppm 0.2ppm 121
American Meat Safety Guidebook (USMEF)