16 1 201540 12 115 40 2008 1 2 3 2008 4 5 2008 1970 Party reform
116 2008 40 2008 2008 2012 1 2008 1 401968 8 28 H 1 ER 15 1 2012 2014
40 117 1968 1960 70 1968 86 1982 1984 1972 1980 2 2016 2 1976
118 表 1 大 統 領 予 備 選 挙 投 票 率 の 推 移 1960-2008 2008 30.2 19.3 10.8 2004 17.2 9.7 6.4 2000 19.0 8.8 10.8 1996 17.5 8.3 9.1 1992 21.7 12.6 8.6 1988 25.5 16.0 9.1 1984 23.9 16.2 6.7 1980 26.0 14.0 11.5 1976 29.6 17.9 11.6 1972 30.9 21.2 8.5 1968 19.2 17.6 8.0 1964 35.7 18.6 16.2 1960 17.9 16.1 11.6 2008 Primary Turnout Falls Just Short of Record Nationally, Breaks Records in Most States in Thomas E. Patterson, Voter Participation in Presidential Primaries and Caucuses adapted fromsteven S. Smithand Melanie Springer, Reforming the Nominating Process BrookingsInstitution Press, 2009 1968 1972 21 30.9 21.2
40 119 1972 2004 9 20008 7 1976 1980 1 20081972 2 間 接 選 挙 から 直 接 選 挙 へ 43 2 5 4 4
120 表 2 大 統 領 選 挙 一 般 投 票 で5% 以 上 得 票 した 第 3 党 独 立 候 補 者 のその 後 1832 7.8 1848 10.1 4.9 1856 21.5 1860 18.1 1860 12.6 1892 8.5 1912 27.4 0.2 1912 6.0 3.2 1924 16.6 1968 13.5 1.4 1980 6.6 1992 18.9 8.5 1996 8.5 0.4 Congressional Quarterly s Guide to U.S. Elections, 3rd ed. Washington, D.C., 1994 p. 26 13 1790 10 3 3 Atlas of Early American History: The Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790, p. 69.
40 121 40 1968 1 4 1804 4 Stephen J. Wayne, The Road to the White House 2008, The politics of presidential Elections Boston, 2008.
122 1816 territory 5 1812 1 committee of correspondence 6 19 1832 1932 1972 130 5 Gerald Pomper, Nominating the President, The Politics of Convention Choice New York, 1966 p. 17. 6 loc. cit.
40 123 3 2008 2008 56 1952 1952 3 2 1928 80 1820 4 4 4 1820 2008 1972
124 40 2008 2007 2006 2 2 1992 4 予 備 選 挙 日 程 の 統 制 と 前 倒 し
40 125 2008 2 Rules and Bylaws committee 2006 8 2008 2 5 1 2007 5 3 1 29 8 2 5 1 15 1 22 1 3 8 8 1 19 1 19 26
126 8 25 8 31 10 7
40 127 特 任 代 議 員 の 役 割 5 4 1972 7 2008 Calendar and the NASS Rotating Regional Presidential Primaries Plan http//www.nass.org.
128 5 1984 1970 2008 12 10 17
40 129 74 178424 13 2008 1960
130