NPO 1990 NPO NPO 12 8,000 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 4 NPO NPO NPO 4 NPO NPO NPO NPO
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1 NPO ,000 3 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO
2 NPO 1990 NPO NPO 12 8,000 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 4 NPO NPO NPO 4 NPO NPO NPO NPO
3 NPO 6 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 7 NPO NPO
4 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO1995 NPO 11 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO Lester M. Salamon, America s Nonprofit Sector: a Primer, (New York : The Foundation Center, 1992)
5 NGO NGO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 12 NPO NPO , , ,117 1, NPO 17 6, NPO
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9 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NVOAD ,329 1, NPO 19 American Red Cross: Disaster Service. < 20 FEMA, A Citizen s Guide to Disaster Assistance.
10 FEMA Major Disaster Declaration (Disaster Field Office) (Federal Coordinating Officer) (Federal Coordinating Officer) Defense Coordinating Officer 21 Federal Response Plan 1992 NPO 22 NPO NPO FEMA FEMA 23 ( ) Peter F. Drucker, Managing the Nonprofit Organization, (New York: Harper Collins, 1990)
11 NPO NPO NVOAD NVOAD 1970 NPO VOAD 24 NVOAD NPO NPO (Primary Emergency) NPO NVOADFEMA NVOAD FEMA (advisory board) NPO FEMA NVOAD FEMA NVOAD NPO FEMANVOAD (preparedness) (mitigation) (response) (recovery) FEMANVOAD NVOAD NVOAD NVOAD FEMA NVOAD FEMA 24 NVOAD, The First 25 Years: from Piecemeal Assistance to Coordinated Response. <
12 25 NVOAD NVOAD NVOAD NPO NPONVOAD NPO 26 NPO NPO 501(C) 1997 The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities 19 3, NPO 5, (C)3 (1997 ) E 17,232 F 6,752 I 3,804 J 3,247 K 2,103 L 10,905 P 31,377 http// 25 Memorandum of Understanding between National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster and The Federal Emergency Management Agency, July 16, < 26 NPO Reporting Public Charities in the United States, <http// index.htm>
13 FEMA NVOAD NPO FEMAFEMANVOAD NPO NPO NPO , NPO 6, NPO NVOAD 28 GAO Report, to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services,House of Representatives, Disaster Assistance: DOD s Support for Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and Typhoon Omar, June U.S. Army Newsletter No.93-6, Disaster Assistance, Operations Other Than War Volume II. 30 American Red Cross: Disaster Service.
14 NVOAD NPO NPO NPO (Emergency Operations Center) NPO 31 NPO 27 Commander in Chief, U.S. Forces Command (Joint Task Force Andrew) ,000 5, , ,000 3, , )7,190 ) 10 ) 620 ) 98) 31 Hurricane Andrew Adventures with Ham Radio. < 32 GEN. Gordon R. Sullivan, Hurricane Andrew: An After-Action Report, Army, (January 1993), pp
15 33 NPO NPO 5,000 NPO 34 NPO FEMA 35 FEMA NVOAD NPO NPO NPO FEMA NPO FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA 33 GAO Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services. 34 Sullivan, Hurricane Andrew: An After-Action Report, pp Ibid, p.21.
16 (Support Agency) FEMA FEMA GAO 36 FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA 37 FEMA FEMA 38 FEMA FEMA GAO Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services. 37 Ibid. 38 Richard T. Sylves, William L. Waugh, Jr., Disaster Management in the U.S. and Canada: The Politics, Policymaking, Administration and Analysis of Emergency Management, (Illinois: Charles C Thomas publisher, 1996), pp.8-13.
17 ,000 2, FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA NPO VOAD NPO 39 City of Los Angels, In the Wake of the Quake: a Prepared City Responds, Robert Bolin, Lois Stanford, The Northridge Earthquake: Vulnerability and Disaster, (New York : Routledege, 1998), pp
18 Emergency Management Committee 41 NVOAD NPO 42 NPO , Bolin, Stanford, The Northridge Earthquake: Vulnerability and Disaster, pp.132, LTC William Whenger, National Guard in the Northridge Earthquake, Infantry, (November, 1994), pp Bolin, Stanford, The Northridge Earthquake: Vulnerability and Disaster, p.93.
19 1, , NPO 47 NPO NPO GAO NPO 49 3, GAO report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services. 48 Sullivan, Hurricane Andrew: An After-Action Report, p GAO report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services.
20 FEMA FEMA GAO FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA FEMA 50 Ibid. 51 Sylves, Waugh, Jr., Disaster Management in the U.S. and Canada, pp GAO report, to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services.
21 FEMA FEMA NPO NVOAD NPO NPO NPO FEMA NPO NPO NPO NPO GAO 54 GAO 54 Ibid.
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23 2003 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 83 NPO NPO
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25 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO (change agent) 56 NPO NPO 56 Rogers Everett M. and F.F. Shoemaker, Communication of Innovations: a cross-cultural approach, (New York: The Free Press, 1971), pp
26 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 31 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 57 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A ) 58 NPO NPO NPO NPO US Code Section 1342.
27 NPO NPO 59 NPO )NPO NPO NPO NPO ) NPO ) NPO ) NPO 60 ( 12 NPO NPO 61 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 59 < NPO NPO
28 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO 62 NPO 62 NPO
2 1 図 2 連邦政府と地方との役割分担 ( 出典 :FEMA) 2 2. 米国の危機管理システムの変遷 1950 Disaster Relief Act Civil Defense Act National Flood Insurance Act
特集 : 大規模災害と社会保障 Ⅱ 災害発生時における危機対応システム - 米国の事例に学ぶ - 牧紀男 要約本稿は 被害軽減 (preparedness) を中心とした危機対応から 被害抑止 (mitigation) 災害復興 (recovery) までも含めた総合的な防災対策を構築していっている米国の事例から 東日本大震災の教訓を踏まえた新たな日本の危機管理対策のあり方について考えるものである
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公的・非営利組織の人的資源マネジメント戦略：
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Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA FEMA FEMA Disaster Relief Act of 1950 p. 53 pp. 109 110
Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA FEMA FEMA Disaster Relief Act of 1950 p. 53 pp. 109 110 Presidential Declaration FEMA Robert Theodore Stafford Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
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