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Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism 14 No.14 March 2012 2012 3 Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism No.14 March 2012 pp. 5-17. A New Type of a Geopark as a Group of Earth Heritages IWATA, Shuji Abstract: A basic framework of geotourism is conserving earth-scientific and geographical resources while utilizing for research or educational purposes and finally integrating these resources into sustainable regional development. This framework coincides with that of a geopark. A geopark is an aggregate of geosites with scientific and aesthetic values such as unique landscapes, landforms, geological outcrops, and historical and geographical places. A geosite is also called a geoheritage or an earth heritage. Earth heritage is employed as the most suitable word for a valuable site in a geopark. The earth heritage should comprises the following contents: i) on going physical processes as well as human activities, especially the relationship between the above two; ii) regional history such as geological and geomorphological evolution, ecological succession, human history, and cultural and social changes; iii) important places for biodiversity and geodiversity as well as regional and cultural diversity; iv) phenomena and places for valuable human activities; v) essential aesthetic values of phenomena, landscapes, and regions. The Japanese Association of Geographers intends to select remarkable 100 selections of earth heritages for constitute new geoparks. Only attractive geostories (local earth stories) originated from group of earth heritages in the region gather people to a new geopark that makes the regional development by geotourism. Key words: geoparkgeositesearth heritage 100 remarkable 100 selections 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3100 4 100 100 5

14 2012 3 Newsome and Dowling, 2006 a) 3 1990 Frey et al., 20062001 2007 5 3 Newsome and Dowling (2006 b)2008) 2011 ) 2001 2 3 2008 6

Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism No.14 March 2012 3 i ii iii 2011 3 1984 1990 Frey et al., 2006 1991 2001 2004 Global Geoparks Network: GGN 2011 9 87 1 2009) geoheritage 2011 9 248 km 2 2010 1 22 7

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Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism No.14 March 2012 Earth heritage 2008 6 2009 2009 11 7 2005 2011 outstanding universal value: OUVrepresentative of the best 1 2004 2 3 2010 2004 3 9

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Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism No.14 March 2012-5 1 1 1 1 3 100 100 100 À Ã Õ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 2011.09.22 13

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14 2012 3 4 À 100 Ã100 Õ Œ 2012 100 a bc 100 1989 1989 1996 Frey, M-L., Schafer, K., Buchel, G. and Patzak, M. (2006): Geoparks a regional, European and global policy. Newsome, D. and Dowling, R. (eds.): Geotourism, Elsevier: 95 117. 1977 50: 455 470 200853 (9): 32 38 2009 2009 10 24 1989 59: 162 169 2011 120: 729 732 2010 13 119: 741 750 1974 a 12: 177 191 1974 b ice-wedge cast83: 48 60 2011 120: 761 774 2011 2008): 53 (6): 67 Newsome, D. and Dowling, R. (eds.) (2006 a): Geotourism, Elsevier. Newsome, D. and Dowling, R. (2006 b): The scope and nature of geotourism. Newsome, D. and Dowling, R. (eds.): Geotourism Elsevier: 2 25. 2009 196 1 (2001) 1997 2011 120: 1045 1046 1989367 p. 15 2008 16

Rikkyo University Bulletin of Studies in Tourism No.14 March 2012 53(9): 55 57 1996 5: 21 34 2005 10: 125 126 2007 Zhao, T. and Zhao, X. (2007): 635: 27 34. 100 (2002 2005) http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 2010http://www.murotogeo.jp/www/ (2009) http://www.gsj.jp/ jgc/ggnguidelinej.html 100 http://www.sato100.com/news/100/ index4.html http://www.maff.go.jp/soshiki/koukai/muratani/100 sen/keikan.html http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 17